SAE AMS 03-17-2015 Electro-Deposition of Gold.pdf

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1、AEROSPACE MATERIAL SPECIFICATION AMS03-17 Issued 2015-04 Electro-Deposition of Gold RATIONALE This Standard is a direct replacement for DEF STAN 03-17 and has been reproduced by SAE International under the Open Government Licensing Agreement. The technical content remains unchanged from Issue 3 of t

2、he Defence Standard it supersedes. Any queries should be referred via the link shown in the feedback box at the bottom of this page. LICENSING AGREEMENT Ministry of Defence. Crown Copyright 2015. Reproduced under the terms of the Open Government License. FOREWORD REVISION NOTE This Defence Standard

3、was raised to Issue 3 to update its content and incorporate the latest MoD/DStan policy in place at the time. HISTORICAL RECORD This standard supersedes the following: DTD 938 dated December 1968 Def Stan 03-17 Issue 1 dated 13 July 1979 Def Stan 03-17 Issue 2 dated 23 October 1992 _ SAE Technical S

4、tandards Board Rules provide that: “This report is published by SAE to advance the state of technical and engineering sciences. The use of this report is entirely voluntary, and its applicability and suitability for any particular use, including any patent infringement arising therefrom, is the sole

5、 responsibility of the user.” SAE reviews each technical report at least every five years at which time it may be revised, reaffirmed, stabilized, or cancelled. SAE invites your written comments and suggestions. TO PLACE A DOCUMENT ORDER: Tel: 877-606-7323 (inside USA and Canada) Tel: +1 724-776-497

6、0 (outside USA) Fax: 724-776-0790 Email: CustomerServicesae.org SAE WEB ADDRESS: http:/www.sae.org SAE values your input. To provide feedback on this Technical Report, please visit http:/www.sae.org/technical/standards/AMS03_17 SAE INTERNATIONAL AMS03-17 Page 2 of 16 INTRODUCTION This Standard speci

7、fies the requirements for the electro-deposition of gold on ferrous-base materials, copper-base materials, aluminum-base materials, zinc-base materials and nickel-base materials for MOD use. It is primarily intended for use on electrical and electronic items which are to be plated with gold to impro

8、ve electrical conductivity and solderability. It does not cover the gold plating of threaded items. SAE INTERNATIONAL AMS03-17 Page 3 of 16 TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. SCOPE 4 2. WARNING . 4 3. NORMATIVE REFERENCES . 4 4. DEFINITIONS . 5 5. INFORMATION TO BE SUPPLIED BY THE PURCHASER 5 6. PROCESS CONTROL 6

9、 7. PROCESS REQUIREMENTS 6 7.1 General 6 7.2 Undercoats 6 7.3 Classification Code . 7 7.3.1 Classification . 7 7.3.2 Classification Code Examples 7 7.4 Gold Plating . 7 7.4.1 Electrolytes 7 7.4.2 Washing 7 7.5 Thickness of Gold Coating 7 7.5.1 For Solderability 7 7.5.2 For Purposes Other than Solder

10、ability 8 7.6 Heat Treatment . 8 8. INSPECTION AND TEST . 8 8.1 Inspection 8 8.2 Selection of Test Samples 8 8.3 Visual Inspection . 9 8.4 Porosity . 9 8.5 Adhesion . 9 8.6 Thickness of Coating . 9 8.6.1 General 9 8.6.2 Local Thickness 9 8.6.3 Vat Plated Items 10 8.6.4 Barrel Plated items 10 8.7 Har

11、dness . 10 8.8 Solderability . 10 8.9 Gold Content . 10 9. NOTES 10 ANNEX A ENVIRONMENTAL TESTS. 11 ANNEX B POROSITY TESTS . 12 ANNEX C ADHESION TESTS . 14 ANNEX D DETERMINATION OF GOLD CONTENT OF GOLD OR GOLD ALLOY DEPOSITS . 15 Table 1 Thickness of undercoats . 6 SAE INTERNATIONAL AMS03-17 Page 4

12、of 16 1. SCOPE 1.1 This SAE Standard specifies the requirements for the electro-deposition of gold on ferrous-base materials, copper-base materials, aluminum-base materials, zinc-base materials and nickel-base materials for MOD use. It is primarily intended for use on electrical and electronic items

13、 which are to be plated with gold to: a. Increase the electrical conductivity of the surface. b. Provide a solderable surface. 1.2 This Standard does not cover the gold plating of threaded items. 2. WARNING This section which appeared in DEF STAN 03-17 Issue 3 has been deliberately deleted. 3. NORMA

14、TIVE REFERENCES 3.1 The publications shown below are referred to in the text of this standard. Publications are grouped and listed in alpha-numeric order. BS EN ISO 1463 Metallic and Oxide Coatings. Measurement of Coating Thickness. Microscopical Method BS EN ISO 2177 Metallic Coatings, Measurement

15、of Coating Thickness. Coulometric Method by Anodic Dissolution BS EN ISO 2178 Non-Magnetic Coatings on Magnetic Substrates. Measurement of Coating Thickness. Magnetic Method BS EN ISO 3497 Metallic Coatings. Measurement of Coating Thickness. X-ray Spectrometric Methods BS EN ISO 3543 Metallic Coatin

16、gs. Measurement of Coating Thickness. Beta Backscatter Method BS EN ISO 3696 Water for Analytical Laboratory Use. Specification and Test Methods BS EN ISO 4516 Metallic and Other Inorganic Coatings. Vickers and Knoop Microhardness Tests BS 2011-2.1T Environmental Testing. Tests. Test T. Soldering De

17、f Stan 03-2 Cleaning and Preparation of Metal Surfaces AMS03-2 Cleaning and Preparation of Metal Surfaces Def Stan 03-4 The Pre-Treatment and Protection of Steel Items of Specified Maximum Tensile Strength Exceeding 1450 MPa AMS03-4 The Pre-Treatment and Protection of Steel Items of Specified Maximu

18、m Tensile Strength Exceeding 1450 MPa 3.2 This section which appeared in DEF STAN 03-17 Issue 3 has been deliberately deleted. 3.3 This section which appeared in DEF STAN 03-17 Issue 3 has been deliberately deleted. 3.4 This section which appeared in DEF STAN 03-17 Issue 3 has been deliberately dele

19、ted. SAE INTERNATIONAL AMS03-17 Page 5 of 16 4. DEFINITIONS 4.1 For the purpose of this Standard the following definitions apply. 4.2 GOLD ALLOY COATING A coating of gold alloy having a minimum thickness of not less than 0.5 m and a gold content of not less than 60% by mass. 4.3 GOLD COATING A coati

20、ng of gold having a minimum thickness of not less than 0.5 m and a gold content of not less than 98% by mass. 4.4 MULTIPLE LAYER GOLD COATING A gold or gold alloy coating consisting of more than two discrete layers of differing gold content. 4.5 PROCESS CONTROL SCHEDULE The document which specifies/

21、defines: a. The sequence of manufacturing operations and processes. b. The control parameters and their tolerances for each individual process within the total sequence. 4.6 SIGNIFICANT SURFACE That area of the item, covered or to be covered by the coating, and for which the coating is essential for

22、 serviceability and/or appearance. 5. INFORMATION TO BE SUPPLIED BY THE PURCHASER The following information shall be given on the drawing, contract or order: a. The number of this AMS Material Specification or its superseded Defence Standard. b. The specification and metallurgical condition of the b

23、asis metal. c. The significant surface. This may be indicated on the drawing or by a marked example. d. The process to be used. e. The details of any pre and post deposition heat treatment. f. The thickness of the coating required. g. The details and thickness of any necessary undercoat to be applie

24、d. h. The Classification Code of the gold or gold alloy coating required. i. Where appropriate, the details of any major alloying elements to be used in the gold coating. j. Where appropriate, the gold content, composition and hardness values of the gold coating. k. Where appropriate, the type of su

25、rface finish required (e.g., bright or matt). l. The details of any special requirements (e.g., masking). SAE INTERNATIONAL AMS03-17 Page 6 of 16 6. PROCESS CONTROL 6.1 A Process Control Schedule (PCS), suitable of achieving the requirements of this Standard, shall be prepared by the contractor(s) p

26、rior to the commencement of production. 6.2 Details of the coating process, including all preparatory treatments and after treatments, processing, significant surfaces, test and all other processes and treatments shall be included in the PCS. 6.3 All stages in the complete schedule shall follow each

27、 other without delay, unless otherwise stated in the PCS. 7. PROCESS REQUIREMENTS 7.1 General All items to be coated shall be treated in accordance with the requirements of AMS03-2/Def Stan 03-2 and AMS03-4/Def Stan 03-4 as appropriate. 7.2 Undercoats The undercoats used are copper, copper plus nick

28、el, tin-nickel alloy and combinations of these metals. The minimum thickness requirements given in Table 1 are necessary to ensure adequate corrosion resistance under arduous conditions of surface. Other undercoat requirements, e.g., silver, for special purposes may be specified by the purchaser. Ta

29、ble 1 - Thickness of undercoats Basis Metal Undercoat(s) Minimum Thickness m Copper and Copper Alloys a. Where gold coating thickness is limited to ensure the integrity of soldered joints b. Phosphor bronze and beryllium copper c. Copper alloy containing more than 15% zinc, other than those included

30、 in a d. Copper alloys containing 0.5% lead or greater e. Copper and other copper alloys Nickel or tin-nickel alloy Copper Nickel, copper or tin-nickel alloy Copper No undercoat normally required 5 1 2.5 2.5 Ferrous metals (other than corrosion resisting steels) Nickel or copper plus Nickel 10 10 5

31、Corrosion resisting steels Nickel A thin coating from a strike bath to promote adhesion Zinc and zinc alloys Copper or Copper plus Nickel 10 10 5 Aluminum and aluminum alloys Nickel 8 Other metals and metals with soldered joints Undercoats may be required to meet functional or the other requirements

32、 of this Standard As indicated by the Design Authority SAE INTERNATIONAL AMS03-17 Page 7 of 16 7.3 Classification Code 7.3.1 Classification The classification for the gold coating comprises: a. The chemical symbol (as per the Periodic Table) for the basis metal (or the principal metal if an alloy),

33、followed by an oblique stroke. b. The chemical symbol (as per the Periodic Table) for the undercoat (where appropriate), followed by an oblique stroke. Dual coats are signified as follows: Cu/Ni = Nickel on Copper Sn-Ni = Tin-nickel alloy c. The chemical symbol for gold (Au), followed (where appropr

34、iate) by a number in parenthesis representing the nominal percentage gold content by mass. d. A number indicating the minimum thickness (in m) of the gold coating on the significant surface. 7.3.2 Classification Code Examples a. A 98% gold coating on steel having a thickness of 5 m (minimum) using a

35、 nickel undercoat, has the classification code: Fe/Ni/Au(98)/5. b. A 90% gold alloy coating, having a significant surface thickness of 2.5 m (minimum) on zinc alloy using an undercoat of nickel on copper has the classification code: Zn/Cu/Ni/Au(90)2.5 c. A 75% gold alloy coating, having a significan

36、t surface thickness of 0.5 m (minimum) on copper alloy has the classification code: Cu/Au(75)0.5. 7.4 Gold Plating 7.4.1 Electrolytes Cyanide-free electrolytes based on complex sulphite ions produce deposits showing a pronounced tendency to cold welding or “galling“ and should not be used on signifi

37、cant surfaces forming mating connectors or sliding contacts. Otherwise, any electrolyte may be used providing that the requirements of this Standard are met. 7.4.2 Washing The electroplated items shall be washed in clean running water to remove the electrolyte, then dried. 7.5 Thickness of Gold Coat

38、ing 7.5.1 For Solderability Soldered joints should be made to surfaces which are substantially free of gold. See 7.5.1.1, 7.5.1.2, and 7.5.1.3. This may be achieved by: 7.5.1.1 The selective plating of the joint zone to: a. restrict the gold thickness in the joint, or b. coat locally with an alterna

39、tive metal system such as tin or tin-lead. SAE INTERNATIONAL AMS03-17 Page 8 of 16 7.5.1.2 The use of two solder baths successively, the first to dissolve the gold and the second to apply fresh uncontaminated solder. 7.5.1.3 Melting solder on to the surface and then the contaminated solder being rem

40、oved with a suction device or the capillary action of a braided cable before fresh solder is applied. 7.5.2 For Purposes Other than Solderability Coating thickness, above the minimum of 0.5 m, may be called up by specifying the minimum required thickness at the appropriate place in the classificatio

41、n code. 7.6 Heat Treatment 7.6.1 All electroplated steel items of specified maximum tensile strength of 1100 MPa or greater or of equivalent hardness, shall be treated as described in 7.6.2 or 7.6.3 as soon as practicable but within 4 hours after plating. This treatment shall also be applied to such

42、 items after any chemical or electro-chemical stripping operation except that the minimum time of heating of stripped items may be reduced to not less than half of that specified for plated items. Items of specified maximum tensile strength exceeding 1450 MPa shall not be replated. 7.6.2 Electroplat

43、ed items, other than those with surface hardened areas (see 7.6.3), made of steel of specified maximum tensile strength of 1100 to 1450 MPa, or equivalent hardness, shall be heated at a temperature within the range 190 to 230 C for not less than 2 hours. Items of specified maximum tensile strength e

44、xceeding 1450 MPa shall be treated in accordance with the requirements of AMS03-4/Def Stan 03-4. 7.6.3 Electroplated steel items having surface hardened areas which would suffer an unacceptable reduction in hardness by treatment as in 7.6.2, shall be heated at a lower temperature, but at not less th

45、an 130 C for not less than 6 hours. 7.6.4 Heat Treatment of Aluminum Alloys Aluminum alloys are given a post plating heat treatment to improve the adhesion of the coating and shall be heat treated for 1 hour at a temperature of 150 C 10 C. NOTE: This process shall not be used if the aluminum alloy c

46、ould suffer some degree of deterioration as a result of prolonged treatment at or near 150 C. 8. INSPECTION AND TEST 8.1 Inspection All plated items shall be subject to visual inspection and representative samples as specified below are to be subsequently tested in the following order for: freedom f

47、rom porosity, adhesion, thickness, hardness, solderability and gold content. 8.2 Selection of Test Samples 8.2.1 A sample comprising 1% of each vat or barrel load, but not less than 8 items or more than 48 shall be selected for tests, the number of items selected to be such that significant weighing

48、 errors are avoided. 8.2.2 Where a continuous form of vat plating is in operation, representative samples shall be selected at intervals of not more than 1 hour. 8.2.3 The sample shall be divided into 4 equal parts, 2 parts for thickness tests, 1 part for adhesion tests and 1 part for porosity tests

49、. SAE INTERNATIONAL AMS03-17 Page 9 of 16 8.2.4 In exceptional circumstances, e.g., vat plating of a single large item or barrel plating of a small number of items, the sampling procedure specified in 8.2.1, 8.2.2, and 8.2.3 may be modified. Coupon samples plated together with items represented may be used, due consideration being given to their shape, size, material, and if applicable, position in the vat. The treatment of the c