SAE AIR 5670-2009 Issues in Stairway Design Aboard Transport Category Airplanes《运输类飞机登机楼梯设计中的问题》.pdf

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1、_ 6$(7HFKQLFDO6WDQGDUGV%RDUG5XOHVSURYLGHWKDW7KLVUHSRUWLVSX EOLVKHGE6$(WRDGYDQFHWKHVWDWHRIWHFKQLFDO and engineering sciences. The use of this report is entirely voluntary, and its applicability and suitability for any particular use, including any patent infringement arising therefrom, LVWKHVROHUHVSR

2、QVLELOLWRIWKHXVHU SAE reviews each technical report at least every five years at which time it may be revised, reaffirmed, stabilized, or cancelled. SAE invites your written comments and suggestions. Copyright 2016 SAE International All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced,

3、 stored in a retrieval system or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of SAE. TO PLACE A DOCUMENT ORDER: Tel: 877-606-7323 (inside USA and Canada) Tel: +1 724-776-4970 (outside USA) Fax: 724-776-

4、0790 Email: CustomerServicesae.org SAE WEB ADDRESS: http:/www.sae.org SAE values your input. To provide feedback on this Technical Report, please visit http:/www.sae.org/technical/standards/AIR5670 AEROSPACE INFORMATION REPORT AIR5670 Issued 2009-09 Reaffirmed 2016-10 Issues in Stairway Design Aboar

5、d Transport Category Airplanes RATIONALE AIR5670 has been reaffirmed to comply with the SAE five-year review policy. 1. SCOPE 1.1 This document contains information that can be used by the air transportation industry to evaluate the design of airplane interior stairways with respect to the safety of

6、 passengers and crew in normal operating conditions and emergency evacuations. 1.2 This document addresses only design issues related to interior stairways meant for use by passengers and not stairways meant to be used exclusively by crewmembers or maintenance workers. 2. REFERENCES The following pu

7、blications for a part of this document to the extent specified herein. The latest issue of SAE publications shall apply. The applicable issue of the other publications shall be the issue in effect on the date of the purchase order. In the event of conflict between the text of this document and refer

8、ences cited herein, the text of this document takes precedence. Nothing in this document, however, supersedes applicable laws and regulations unless a specific exemption has been obtained. 2.1 SAE Publications Available from SAE International, 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA 15096-0001, Tel:

9、877-606-7323 (inside USA and Canada) or 724-776-4970 (outside USA), www.sae.org. ARP503 Emergency Evacuation Illumination AIR512 Airplane Cabin Illumination ARP836 Design and Safety Criteria for Passenger Boarding Stairways. 2.2 Other Publications 2.2.1 VLTA Conference, The Netherlands, 12 August 20

10、04. A Summary. Available at http:/www.faa.gov/ats/asc/nlaweb/links.htm 2.2.2 Crashed on a partially closed runway during takeoff. Singapore Airlines Flight 006, Boeing 747-400, 9V-SPK, CKS Airport, Taoyuan, Taiwan, October 31, 2000. ASC-AAR-02-04-001. 2.2.3 Templer, J. Archea, J. specifically, there

11、 may be a need for those behind to be able to safely bypass slower evacuees. Thus, if a person is moving too slowly, or falls and blocks the exit route, those behind should be able to easily cross through openings in intermediate handrails to a path that is flowing at a higher rate. SAE INTERNATIONA

12、L AIR5670 Page 4 of 6 3.10 Emergency Illumination Compared to the minimum lighting considered adequate in public buildings, the amount recommended or allowed onboard commercial airplanes is many times lower. (See Appendix.) The minimum lighting considered adequate in public buildings for level floor

13、s is 1 ft-c (10.8 lux), and for stairways, 10 ft-c (108 lux). Measurements are to be taken at floor level (Ref. 2.2.7). The ANSI building standard (Ref. 2.2.10) states that, on stairs, luminaires shall be capable of providing 10 ft-c (108 lux) of illuminance, as measured at the center of tread surfa

14、ces and on landing surfaces within 24 inches (610 mm) of step nosings. The FAAs Human Factors Design Standard requires those same levels for emergency situations, and twice those lighting levels for normal working environments (Ref. 2.2.11, Sec. 12.2.1.8 Illumination). 3.10.1 ARP503 allows an averag

15、e level of 0.05 ft-c (0.54 lux), for both floors and stairways inside of an airplane when measured at armrest height. If measured at floor level there may be even less available light. Further, the minimum illumination at any spot along the path can be less than half of these already-low levels. Thu

16、s, ARP503 allows 20 times less light than that recommended for level floors in public buildings, and 200 times less light than that recommended for stairways. The recommended lighting level on external boarding stairs, as provided in ARP836, is 5 ft-c (53 lux) and even this may not be adequate for i

17、nterior stairways on multi-deck airplanes during normal conditions. 3.11 Stairway Design ARP836 allows boarding stairs to have riser heights (the height of one step above another) of up to 8.0 inches (203 mm) and depth of the tread (distance of the tread in the direction of travel, also known as the

18、 “run” or “going”) as short as 9.5 inches (241 mm). Research has shown that risers greater than 7 inches (178 mm), or runs shorter than 11 inches (280 mm), increase the incidence of missteps and are less efficient (Ref.s 2.2.3 Ref. 2.2.12, Sec 1009.3). The same stairway dimensions are recommended fo

19、r use in the marine environment (Ref. 2.2.15, Fig. 81). Efforts should be made to conform to these minimums aboard multi-deck airplanes. 3.12 Straight and Curved Stairs Both straight and curved stairways are appropriate in either normal or emergency conditions so long as they meet certain design spe

20、cifications. A spiral stairway poses little problem if designed appropriately. But a winder, which is a tapered tread used to change the direction in which a straight stair runs, introduces variation in stair geometry, and variation increases the probability of missteps and falls. According to Ref.

21、2.2.12, winders are to be avoided. 3.13 Landings Depending upon stairway length, an intermediate landing can reduce the incidence of severe injuries after a misstep, since the landing limits the distance a person would tumble down the stairs. 3.14 Emphasized Stair Nosings Surface coverings can incre

22、ase stair safety by making it easier for users to visually detect the nosings. Difficult-to-detect nosings are more likely to result in a misstep and fall. Some carpet designs, such as those having lines running parallel to the nosings, and some textured designs, camouflage the nosings. Nosings shou

23、ld be emphasized, especially under low illumination levels. 3.15 Stairway Width When two people walk on the same treads simultaneously, either going in the same or opposite directions, they need adequate width to keep from bumping into each other. If the width is too narrow difficulties will occur i

24、n normal stair use as well as in emergency evacuations (Ref. 2.2.13). SAE INTERNATIONAL AIR5670 Page 5 of 6 3.16 Handrail Design ARP836 recommends that the height of handrails be 30 34 inches (762 864 mm) above tread nosings. Research has shown that, after a misstep, handrails that low are not adequ

25、ate for use by a person attempting to arrest a fall, and that higher handrails are needed (Ref. 2.2.14). Codes and standards for new public buildings in the United States require handrails to be 34 38 inches (864 965 mm) above the nosing of each step and landing (Ref.s 2.2.7 and 2) Optimize the flow

26、 of passengers during boarding, debarking and especially emergency egress. 5. NOTES 5.1 A change bar (|) located in the left margin is for the convenience of the user in locating areas where technical revisions, not editorial changes, have been made to the previous issue of this document. An (R) sym

27、bol to the left of the document title indicates a complete revision of the document, including technical revisions. Change bars and (R) are not used in original publications, nor in documents that contain editorial changes only. PREPARED BY SAE COMMITTEE S-9, CABIN SAFETY PROVISIONS SAE INTERNATIONA

28、L AIR5670 Page 6 of 6 APPENDIX A MINIMUM AVERAGE LIGHTING RECOMMENDATIONS (FOOTCANDLES) NON-EMERGENCY AIR512 IBC(a) LSC(b) HFDS(c) 5 n/a n/a n/a Aisle 2 1 1 10 Stair 2 1 10 10 In Flight Night/Illuminated Aisle 2 1 1 10 Stair 2 1 10 10 In Flight Night/Sleeping Aisle 0.1 0.2 0.2 n/a Stair 0.1 1 10 10

29、Lavatory Floor 2 1 1 10 ARP836 Boarding Stairs 5 1 10 10 EMERGENCY ARP503F Aisles 0.05 1 1 3 Stairs 0.05 1 1 3 Aisles to floor level exits 0.02 1 1 3 Aisles to overwing exits 0.03 1 1 3 Aisles to tail cones 0.05 1 1 3 a) International Building Code (IBC) (2006). Section 1006 & 1205.4. Figures are av

30、erages only. Darker areas are allowed. b) Life Safety Code (LSC) (2006). Sections 7.8.1.3, 7.8.1.4 and 7.9.2. c) Human Factors Design Standard (HFDS) (2003). DOT/FAA/CT-03/05. U.S. Department of Transportation, Federal Aviation Administration. Sec. 12.2.1.8 Illumination, Technical Center, Atlantic C

31、ity International Airport, NJ 08405. Note: The IBC, LSC and HFDS do not, of course, address lighting requirements for areas found specifically aboard airplanes (e.g., aisles to overwing exits). But since these specific areas were described in one of the SAE documents the relevant recommendations giv

32、en in the IBC, LSC, and HFDS are provided. The two major differences between the SAE recommendations and the other documents are: 1) lower levels of light are allowed on stairs in the SAE documents than in the other documents: and 2), the level of illumination recommended in emergency conditions is significantly lower in ARP503F than in the other documents. (1 footcandle = 10.764 lux)