[考研类试卷]考研英语(阅读)模拟试卷362及答案与解析.doc
《[考研类试卷]考研英语(阅读)模拟试卷362及答案与解析.doc》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《[考研类试卷]考研英语(阅读)模拟试卷362及答案与解析.doc(14页珍藏版)》请在麦多课文档分享上搜索。
1、考研英语(阅读)模拟试卷 362 及答案与解析Part ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. (40 points)0 Whether an atheist or a creationist, the most researched arguments will incline towards the same conclusion: people are inherently evil. Creationists wh
2、o hinge the existence of man on the story as told by Moses in the book of Genesis must understand that, as backed? by the same book, God created both good and evil. If the account of creation is to be believed, then the creation of evil is also to be believed as a premeditated design of the creator.
3、 Evil can then be said as created to exist with the other creations. When Adam and Eve occupied the Garden of Eden, they only had to choose between living in obedience or disobedience. In this particular case, obedience can be said to be good while disobedience is evil. If God knows everything, then
4、 he could be said to know that Adam and Eve would disobey. Why then did he not remove the evil part so they could live in obedience forever? The answer is simple; Mans evil part is his free will. Stopping a man from being inherently evil is the same as imprisoning the man. The level of this imprison
5、ment does vary. Man did not become evil after eating the forbidden fruit. No, he was evil right from the dust. Mans free will is his tendency to choose evil when aware of the existence and consequences of both good and evil. What makes a man choose good ahead of evil is not his free will but things
6、that aim to check his free will. These include morals, laws, religion etc. From the creationist angle, all people are inherently evil.From the atheists angle, the well researched conclusion remains the same. In the first place, nothing can be more evil than chance and evolution. In this case, surviv
7、al depends on the elimination of the unfit for the fit to survive. In an evolutionary society that is not evil, both the fit and the unfit will have the same rights and an equal chance to survive. But this is not so. Every inclination of the evolutionary man, whether conscious or unconscious, is des
8、igned to beat his fellow man in the survival game. What can be more evil than this? Is it robbery, murder, war, genocide or rape? None. They are all the unpalatable children of the evolutionary mama. The need to survive gives birth to them all. All people are inherently evil. If i am not evil, then
9、i haven t faced the challenge to survive in an evil way.1 Creationism holds that_.(A)evil exists in every person as a natural attribute(B) mans evil part was elaborately designed by God(C) human beings were created to exist by the creator(D)good and evil were created simultaneously by God2 The autho
10、r challenges the notion that_.(A)Adam and Eve lived in the Garden of Eden(B) Adam and Eve chose to live in disobedience(C) male and female were simultaneous creation(D)evil originated from eating the forbidden fruit3 The author argues that good_.(A)was produced together with evil by God(B) results f
11、rom the constraint on free choice(C) a characteristic every person is born with(D)is what every human being pursues in life4 The author argues from the atheists angle that_.(A)the existence of God is out of the question(B) our destiny depends on chance and evolution(C) to eliminate the unfit for the
12、 fit is undesirable(D)the inclination to win the survival game is evil 5 The author primarily intends to show that_.(A)all men are born with an evil quality(B) the need to survive brings about evil(C) all men and women are created equal(D)both chance and evolution are immoral5 “The good news is that
13、 no existential catastrophe has happened,“ declared Nick Bostrom. “Not one. Yet. “ Bostrom, director of Oxfords Future of Humanity Institute, opened what he thinks might be the first ever conference to comprehensively consider the gamut of Global Catastrophic Risks. By existential catastrophes Bostr
14、om means that humanity has survived extinction so far. However, he quickly pointed out 99. 9 percent of all species are extinct. Bostrom cited the Toba super-eruption 73,000 years ago which may have produced a global winter that reduced the population of human ancestors to fewer than 500 fertile wom
15、en(though some disagree). Our Neanderthal relatives died out between 33,000 and 24,000 years ago. In Our Final Hour, Lord Martin Rees predicted that there was only a 50 percent chance that our civilization would survive to 2100.Bostrom justified the broad topic of global catastrophic risks by pointi
16、ng to common causal links, e. g. , super-volcanoes, asteroid strikes, and nuclear wars all have the potential to produce disastrous global cooling. Catastrophic scenarios also present common methodological, analytical, and cultural challenges. And, argues Bostrom, a wider view of potential catastrop
17、hes is necessary for the adoption of proper policies and informed prioritization. To assist in this effort, the conference is launching the eponymous volume, Global Catastrophic Risks.Bostrom did note that people today are safer from small to medium threats than ever before. As evidence he cites inc
18、reased life expectancy from 18 years in the Bronze Age to 64 years today(the World Health Organizations thinks its 66 years). And he urged the audience not to let future existential risks occlude our view of current disasters, such as 15 million people dying of infectious diseases every year, 3 mill
19、ion from HIV/AIDS, 18 million from cardiovascular diseases, and 8 million per year from cancer. Bostrom did note that, “All of the biggest risks, the existential risks are seen to be anthropogenic, that is, they originate from human beings“. The biggest risks include nuclear war, biotech plagues, an
20、d nanotechnology arms races. The good news is that the biggest existential risks are probably decades away, which means we have time to analyze them and develop countermeasures.Tomorrow, the Oxford conference on Global Catastrophic Risks will have more edifying presentations on proposals for recover
21、ing from social collapses occasioned by catastrophes: how to rationally consider the end of the world; how to avoid Millennialist cognitive biases; how to insure against catastrophes; how ecological diversity could affect human prospects; and the tragedy of the uncommons.6 By saying “existential cat
22、astrophe“, Bostrom refers to the catastrophe which _.(A)human species will not survive(B) few people survive if it happens(C) has happened to humans so far(D)results in the ruin of the earth7 Bostrom cited the Toba super-eruption to illustrate that _.(A)the extinction of a race is more than probable
23、(B) existential catastrophe is not totally impossible(C) human beings can hardly survive global winter(D)human population may be reduced to hundreds8 Bostrom argues that a wider view of possible catastrophe _.(A)keeps us informed of current prioritizations(B) helps us meet unexpected future challeng
24、es(C) reduces the likelihood of global catastrophes(D)contributes to the adoption of proper policies9 Bostrom noted that future existential risks _.(A)arise from human activities(B) are related to current disasters(C) can be avoided though dreadful(D)originate from new technologies 10 The dominant t
- 1.请仔细阅读文档,确保文档完整性,对于不预览、不比对内容而直接下载带来的问题本站不予受理。
- 2.下载的文档,不会出现我们的网址水印。
- 3、该文档所得收入(下载+内容+预览)归上传者、原创作者;如果您是本文档原作者,请点此认领!既往收益都归您。
下载文档到电脑,查找使用更方便
2000 积分 0人已下载
下载 | 加入VIP,交流精品资源 |
- 配套讲稿:
如PPT文件的首页显示word图标,表示该PPT已包含配套word讲稿。双击word图标可打开word文档。
- 特殊限制:
部分文档作品中含有的国旗、国徽等图片,仅作为作品整体效果示例展示,禁止商用。设计者仅对作品中独创性部分享有著作权。
- 关 键 词:
- 考研 试卷 英语 阅读 模拟 362 答案 解析 DOC
