[考研类试卷]考研英语（翻译）模拟试卷7及答案与解析.doc

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1、考研英语（翻译）模拟试卷 7 及答案与解析Part CDirections: Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. (10 points) 0 【F1】Most people know that awkward feeling when you shuffle into an elevator with other people and try not to make eye contact.【F2】But new research suggests

2、it may be down to a subconscious power struggle being played out as you make your way up or down.A study found that people decide where they stand based on a micro social hierarchy, established within seconds of entering the lift. Rebekah Rousi, a Ph.D. student in cognitive science, conducted an eth

3、nographic study of elevator behaviour in two of the tallest office buildings in Adelaide, Australia.【F3 】As part of her research, she took a total of 30 lift rides in the two buildings, and discovered there was an established order to where people tended stand. In a blog for Ethnography Matters, she

4、 writes that more senior men seemed to direct themselves towards the back of the elevator cabins. She said, “In front of them were younger men, and in front of them were women of all ages.“ She also noticed there was a difference in where people directed their gaze half way through the ride.【F4】“Men

5、 watched the monitors, looked in the side mirrors(in one building)to see themselves, and in the door mirrors(of the other building)to also watch others. Women would watch the monitors and avoid eye contact with other users(unless in conversation)and the mirrors.“ She writes.【F5】The doctorate student

6、 concluded it could be that people who are shyer stand toward the front, where they cant see other passengers, whereas bolder people stand in the back, where they have a view of everyone else.1 【F1】2 【F2】3 【F3】4 【F4】5 【F5】5 【F1】Stephen Hawking, who spent his career decoding the universe and even exp

7、erienced weightlessness, is urging the continuation of space explorationfor humanity s sake.【F2】The 71-year-old Hawking said he did not think humans would survive another 1, 000 years “without escaping beyond our fragile planet.“ The British cosmologist made the remarks Tuesday before an audience of

8、 doctors, nurses and employees at Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, where he toured a stem cell laboratory thats focused on trying to slow the progression of Lou Gehrigs disease.Hawking was diagnosed with the neurological disorder 50 years ago while a student at Cambridge University.【F3】He recalled how h

9、e became depressed and initially didnt see a point in finishing his doctorate. But he continued to delve into his studies. “If you understand how the universe operates, you control it in a way,“ he said.Renowned for his work on black holes and the origins of the cosmos, Hawking is famous for bringin

10、g esoteric physics concepts to the masses through his best-selling books, including “A Brief History of Time,“ which sold more than 10 million copies worldwide. Hawking titled his hourlong lecture to Cedars-Sinai employees “A Brief History of Mine.“Hawking has survived longer than most people with L

11、ou Gehrigs disease, also known as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. ALS attacks nerve cells in the brain and spinal cord that control the muscles.【F4 】 People gradually have more and more trouble breathing and moving as muscles weaken and waste away. Theres no cure and no way to reverse the diseases pr

12、ogression. Few people with ALS live longer than a decade. Hawking receives around-the-clock care, can only communicate by twitching his cheek, and relies on a computer mounted to his wheelchair to convey his thoughts in a distinctive robotic monotone. Despite his diagnosis, Hawking has remained acti

13、ve. In 2007, he floated like an astronaut on an aircraft that creates weightlessness by making parabolic dives.【F5】Hawking rattled off nuggets of advice: Look up at the stars and not down at your feet, be curious. “However difficult life may seem, there is always something you can do and succeed at,

14、“ he said. Dr. Robert Baloh, director of Cedars-Sinais ALS program who invited Hawking, said he had no explanation for the physicists longevity. Baloh said he has treated patients who lived for 10 years or more. “But 50 years is unusual, to say the least,“ he said.6 【F1】7 【F2】8 【F3】9 【F4】10 【F5】10 C

15、lenching your fist could be enough to help you get a grip on your memory.【F1】Research suggests that balling up the right hand and squeezing it tightly actually makes it easier to memorise lists. Later, when it is time to retrieve the information, it is the left hand that should be clenched. It is th

16、ought the movements activate brain regions key to the storing and recall of memories.【F2】The American researchers suggest those who are short of a pen and paper should try the trick when attempting to commit a shopping list or phone number to memory. In the study, volunteers were given a rubber ball

17、 and asked to squeeze it as hard as possible before trying to memorise a list of 72 words.【F3 】They squeezed the ball again a couple of minutes later, ahead of recollecting as many of the words as possible.One group used their right hand on both occasions, another their left. A third group clenched

18、their right fist ahead of memorising and their left ahead of recall and a fourth did the reverse. A fifth group held the ball but did not squeeze it. Those who squeezed with their right hand, followed by their left, remembered the most words.【F4】The next best were the volunteers who made a fist with

19、 their right hand both times, while those who didn t squeeze at all did better than those who led with their left.【F5】It is thought that the movement of clenching the right fist activates a brain region that is involved in storing memories, while squeezing the left hand triggers an area that is key

20、to retrieving information. Lead researcher Dr Ruth Propper said, “The findings suggest that simple body movementsby temporarily changing the way the brain functionscan improve memory.“11 【F1】12 【F2】13 【F3】14 【F4】15 【F5】15 Billed as the Silicon Valley Robot Block Party and held during National Roboti

21、cs Week, the party yesterday was a celebration of human-robot interactions.【 F1】Developers, researchers, and makers shared tips and explored the very ideas of what a robot can be and do. The people I met here are interested in robots on many levels.【F2】There were startups pitching their businesses,

22、home-brew builders looking to have some fun, high-school kids building competition robots, and Ph.D. students just exploring.That high-fiving robot? Its the creation of Willow Garage, a founding member of the Silicon Valley Robotics group that hosted the block party. In 2010, Willow Garage announced

23、 it would be delivering 11 of its $400, 000 PR-2 robots free to research groups.【F3】The program, however, which began as an opensource platform intended to encouraged roboticists to collaborate on creating a universal robot language, has quickly evolved. After just a few years, following an announce

24、ment in February, Willow Garage says it is shifting toward becoming a profitable and self-sustaining company. Whats next in the lives of robots? Thats the question everyone here wants to answer.Even after the PR-2s 2010 release, within a year the stereoscopic cameras that provided the PR-2s vision w

25、ere replaced with commercially available hardwareMicrosofts Kinect, highlighting the rigorous pace of innovation.【F4】The commercial, off-the-shelf technology available to each of us today, as NASA has discovered, is fast, smart, and constantly upgraded.And as the evolution of robotics quickens, mayb

26、e thats what events like National Robotics Week and the Robot Block Party, are all about. Theres a sense that though robots are already a great part of our lives, we are still in the early stages of robotics innovation. Things are evolving quickly. For that reason, a marketplace of ideas such as thi

27、s is incredibly important. People and ideas are being connected.【F5 】Across genres, robotics hobbyists are talking to startups, educators are talking with industry, and students are envisioning a future where automation is smarter, machines are more useful, and everyone has the technical skills to l

28、ive side by side with our robot friends.16 【F1】17 【F2】18 【F3】19 【F4】20 【F5】20 Vinton Cerf, known as the father of the Internet, said on Wednesday that the Web was outgrowing the planet Earth and the time had come to take the information superhighway to outer space. “The Internet is growing quickly,

29、and we still have a lot of work to do to cover the planet.“ Cerf told the first day of the annual conference of Internet Society in Geneva where more than 1 500 cyberspace fans have gathered to seek answers to questions about the tangled web of the Internet.【F1】Cerf believed that it would soon be po

30、ssible to send real-time science data on the Internet from a space mission orbiting another planet such as Mars. “There is now an effort under way to design and build an interplanetary Internet. The space research community is coming closer and closer and merging. We think that we will see interplan

31、etary Internet networks that look very much like the ones we use today.【F2】We will need interplanetary gateways and there will be protocols to transmit data between these gateways.“Cerf said.Francois Fluckiger, a scientist attending the conference from the European Particle Physics Laboratory near G

32、eneva, was not entirely convinced, saying: “We need dreams like this. But I dont know any Martian whom Id like to communicate with through the Internet.“Cerf has been working with NASAs Pasadena Jet Propulsion Laboratorythe people behind the recent Mars expeditionto design what he calls an “interpla

33、netary Internet protocol“.【F3】He believes that astronauts will want to use the Internet, although special problems remain with interference and delay. “This is quite real. The effort is becoming extraordinarily concrete over the next few months because the next Mars mission is in planning stages now

34、,“ Cerf told the conference, “If we use domain names like Earth or Mars . jet propulsion laboratory people would be coming together with people from the Internet community.“ He added, “【F4】The idea is to take the interplanetary Internet design and make it a part of the infrastructure of the Mars mis

35、sion.“He later told a news conference that designing this system now would prepare mankind for future technological advances. “The whole idea is to create an architecture so the design works anywhere. I dont know where were going to have to put it but my guess is that well be going out there some ti

36、me,“ Cerf said, “【F5】If you think 100 years from now, it is entirely possible that what will be purely research 50 years from now will become commercial 100 years from now. The Internet was the sameit started as pure research but now it is commercialized.“21 【F1】22 【F2】23 【F3】24 【F4】25 【F5】25 【F1】Fo

37、r more than two decades, U.S. courts have been limiting affirmative-action programs in universities and other areas. The legal rationale is that racial preferences are unconstitutional, even those intended to compensate for racism or intolerance. For many colleges, this means students can be admitte

38、d only on merit, not on their race or ethnicity. It has been a divisive issue across the U.S., as educators blame the prolonged reaction to affirmative-action for declines in minority admissions. Meanwhile, activists continue to battle race preferences in courts from Michigan to North Carolina.【F2】N

39、ow, chief executives of about two dozen companies have decided to plunge headfirst into this politically unsettled debate. They, together with 36 universities and 7 nonprofitable organizations, formed a forum that set forth an action plan essentially designed to help colleges circumvent court-impose

40、d restrictions on affirmative action. The CEOs motive: “Our audience is growing more diverse, so the communities we serve benefit if our employees are racially and ethnically diverse as well“, says one CEO of a company that owns nine television stations.Among the steps the forum is pushing: finding

41、creative yet legal ways to boost minority enrollment through new admissions policies; promoting admissions decisions that look at more than test scores; and encouraging universities to step up their minority outreach and financial aid.【F3 】And to counter accusations by critics to challenge these tac

42、tics in court, the group says it will give legal assistance to colleges sued for trying them.“Diversity diminished by the court must be made up for in other legitimate, legal ways,“ says a forum member.One of the more controversial methods advocated is the so-called 10% rule.【F4 】The idea is for pub

43、lic universitieswhich educate three-quarters of all U.S. undergraduatesto admit students who are in the top 10% of their high school graduating class.【F5】Doing so allows colleges to take minorities who excel in average urban schools, even if they wouldn t have made the cut under the current statewid

44、e ranking many universities use.26 【F1】27 【F2】28 【F3】29 【F4】30 【F5】考研英语（翻译）模拟试卷 7 答案与解析Part CDirections: Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. (10 points) 【知识模块】 翻译1 【正确答案】 当你拖着脚和其他人一道走进电梯时，会尽量避开别人的目光，这种尴尬的感觉大多数人都了解。 【知识模块】 翻译2 【正确答案】 但是新研究指出，在你上下

45、电梯时，你的表现可能源自一种下意识的权利斗争。 【知识模块】 翻译3 【正确答案】 作为研究的一部分，她在这两座大楼里一共搭乘了 30 次电梯，并发现人们倾向于按既定的秩序来选择自己在电梯里站的位置。 【知识模块】 翻译4 【正确答案】 男人会看看电梯楼层显示器，看一下(其中一座大楼)侧面镜子中的自己，或看看(另一座大楼的)镜面门反射出的别人的影像。 【知识模块】 翻译5 【正确答案】 这名博士生得出的结论是：那些比较害羞的人会站在电梯前面，这样他们就看不到其他乘客，而胆子较大的人会站在后面，从而就能看到每个人。 【知识模块】 翻译【知识模块】 翻译6 【正确答案】 史蒂芬霍金这位究其一生破译

46、宇宙奥秘、甚至体验过失重状态的英国科学家，正敦促人类为了自身利益继续进行太空探索。 【知识模块】 翻译7 【正确答案】 今年 71 岁的霍金 4 月 9 日表示，人类若“不逃离我们脆弱的星球”将难以再活 1000 年。 【知识模块】 翻译8 【正确答案】 他回忆起自己变得抑郁的过程，当时甚至觉得自己拿不到博士学位。 【知识模块】 翻译9 【正确答案】 患者将因肌肉逐渐松弛衰弱变得呼吸困难，行动缓慢。 【知识模块】 翻译10 【正确答案】 霍金说出金玉良言：仰望星空，保持好奇心。 【知识模块】 翻译【知识模块】 翻译11 【正确答案】 研究显示，实际上，攥起右拳并握紧能让你更容易地记住列表内容。

47、 【知识模块】 翻译12 【正确答案】 美国研究人员指出，那些手头没有纸笔的人在试图记住购物清单或电话号码时应该尝试一下这个技巧。 【知识模块】 翻译13 【正确答案】 志愿者们在几分钟后再次握紧这个球，然后尽可能地把单词回忆起来。 【知识模块】 翻译14 【正确答案】 仅次于他们的是那些两次都握紧右拳的志愿者，而那些两次都没握紧拳头的人表现得比那些两次都握紧左拳的人要好。 【知识模块】 翻译15 【正确答案】 研究人员认为，握紧右拳的动作激活了与储存记忆相关的大脑区域，而握紧左拳的动作激活了大脑中与回忆信息相关的关键区域。 【知识模块】 翻译【知识模块】 翻译16 【正确答案】 开发人员，研

48、究人员和制造者探索了机器人未来的模样和功能，并分享了一些相关的技巧。 【知识模块】 翻译17 【正确答案】 一些创业公司在寻找商机，而普通民众只是想在这里找些乐子，高中生正在举办机器人比赛，博士生则在进行科学研究。 【知识模块】 翻译18 【正确答案】 该项目最初作为一个开源平台，旨在鼓励机器人专家合作创建一种通用的机器人语言，目前已经得到了迅速发展。 【知识模块】 翻译19 【正确答案】 如今，我们每个人都可以享受到现成的商业化技术，而且这些技术发展迅速，高度智能化，且不断在升级换代。 【知识模块】 翻译20 【正确答案】 不同行业的人们相互交流，例如，机器人爱好者与创业者，教育家与企业家，

49、学生与工程师，都在期待自动化变得更加智能，机器变得更加实用，每个人都能与机器人朋友并肩生活。 【知识模块】 翻译【知识模块】 翻译21 【正确答案】 塞尔夫相信很快就可能在绕其他星球比如火星的太空探险中，把实时科学数据传送到因特网上。 【知识模块】 翻译22 【正确答案】 我们将需要星际网关，在这些网关之间会有协议传送数据。 【知识模块】 翻译23 【正确答案】 他相信尽管在干扰和滞后性方面还存在特殊问题，宇航员们仍希望利用因特网。 【知识模块】 翻译24 【正确答案】 其整体构想是利用星际因特网的设计，并使其成为火星探险的基础设施。 【知识模块】 翻译25 【正确答案】 如果你想想 100 年后，在 50 年内纯粹作为研究项目的东西在 100年后完全有可能商业化。 【知识模块】 翻译【知识模块】 翻译26 【正确答案】 二十多年来，美国法院一直在限制大学及其他领域里肯定性行动法案的实施。 【知识模块】 翻译27 【正确答案】 如今，约 24 家公司的行政总裁已经决定带头加入这场政治上很具争议的辩论之中。 【知识模块】 翻译28 【正确答案】 为了反击评论家们在法庭上质疑这些策略的非难，这个组织声称它将给予那些由于尝试采取这些策略而被起诉的大学法律援助。 【知识模块】 翻译29 【正确答案】 这项办法将用在培