[考研类试卷]考研英语（二）模拟试卷149及答案与解析.doc

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1、考研英语（二）模拟试卷 149 及答案与解析一、Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D. (10 points) 0 Throughout the whole period of ones lifetime, the achieving of happiness can be seen as our【 C1】_and everlasting goal. Happiness i

2、s far more than a strong body, a【C2】_villa or an around-the-world tour; it is something we need from our heart. However, we can investigate happiness【C3】 _scientific methods. When we are asked the question “Where can we find happiness“ , it is a【C4】_difficult to answer accurately. We can find happin

3、ess right in our own home, in our workplace, in school, in the【C5】_of our friends, etc. It is up to us to find the ways and means to achieve that happiness each of us seek and【C6】_for. However, it is essential to【C7 】_that there is no one absolute way to achieve happiness. People may have different

4、ideas with【C8 】_to the ways of achieving happiness. The following five【C9】_are【C10】_by many people as sources of happiness: family and friends, wealth, position, educational achievement and fame. To give it a comprehensive【C11】_, happiness is a【C12】_state of well-being characterized by positive or p

5、leasant emotions【C13 】_from contentment to intense joy. A【C14】_of biological, psychological, religious, and philosophical approaches have striven to define happiness and【C15】_its sources. Various research groups, including positive psychology, endeavor to【C16 】_the scientific method to answer questi

6、ons about what “happiness“ is, and how we might【C17】 _it. There are many ways to be happy. Spend time with individuals who are dear to you. There is nothing more【C18】_than to be with the people you love. Do something nice for others. Helping others is a very honorable way to find happiness. If your

7、schedule is too【C19】_for volunteer work, you can just donate a small sum of money or some old clothes or toys to charily. When you eat out, try to be a good【C20 】_to the waiters or the valet who safely parked your car. All these simple things will not only make you happy, but other people as well. 1

8、 【C1 】（A）contemporary（B） ultimate（C） ordinary（D）static2 【C2 】（A）transitional（B） remote（C） magnificent（D）pathetic 3 【C3 】（A）through（B） among（C） for（D）about4 【C4 】（A）puzzle（B） guide（C） suspicion（D）dilemma5 【C5 】（A）obligation（B） company（C） touch（D）comfort 6 【C6 】（A）desire（B） chase（C） dream（D）long7 【C7

9、】（A）remind（B） reply（C） reunite（D）recognize8 【C8 】（A）reference（B） difference（C） regard（D）account9 【C9 】（A）classifications（B） conclusions（C） passions（D）ladders10 【C10 】（A）consider（B） perceived（C） questioned（D）calculate11 【C11 】（A）relation（B） knowledge（C） insight（D）definition12 【C12 】（A）physical（B） men

10、tal（C） intellectual（D）professional13 【C13 】（A）ranging（B） dispatch（C） shifting（D）distinguishing 14 【C14 】（A）area（B） variety（C） whole（D）proportion15 【C15 】（A）retrieve（B） identify（C） exploit（D）abandon16 【C16 】（A）adjust（B） attribute（C） apply（D）prohibit17 【C17 】（A）pursuit（B） defeat（C） bypass（D）attain18 【

11、C18 】（A）joyful（B） awful（C） diligent（D）painful19 【C19 】（A）high（B） prior（C） tight（D）stress20 【C20 】（A）adviser（B） tipper（C） deceiver（D）raterPart ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. (40 points)20 There is a widespread belief that hum

12、anities Ph. D. s have limited job prospects. The story goes that since tenure-track professorships are increasingly being replaced by contingent faculty, the vast majority of English and history Ph. D. s now roam the earth as poorly-paid adjuncts or, if they leave academia, as baristas and bookstore

13、 cashiers. As English professor William Pannapacker put it in Slate a few years back, “a humanities Ph. D. will place you at a disadvantage competing against 22-year-olds for entry-level jobs that barely require a high-school diploma. “ His advice to would-be graduate students was simple: Recognize

14、that a humanities Ph. D. is now a worthless degree and avoid getting one at all cost. It is true that the plate tectonics of academia has been shifting since the 1970s, reducing the number of good jobs available in the field. In the wake of these changes, there is no question that humanities doctora

15、tes have struggled with their employment prospects, but what is less widely known is between a fifth and a quarter of them go on to work in well-paying jobs in media, corporate America, non-profits, and government. Humanities Ph. D. s are all around usand they are not serving coffee. The American Hi

16、storical Association (AHA) and the Modern Language Association (MLA) have staked out the position that the lack of reliable data about employment outcomes is hindering any productive discussion about the future of academia. Preliminary reports released in the past few months show that 24. 1 percent

17、of history Ph. D. s and 21 percent of English and foreign language Ph. D. s over the last decade took jobs in business, museums, and publishing houses, among other industries. Humanities Ph. D. s typically secure non-academic jobs through their own networks, without the support of their departments.

18、 For those Ph. D. s who ultimately find work outside academia, the job-hunting process is often longer and harder than it needs to be. Few universities offer humanities doctoral candidates career counseling for non-academic jobs, which would help them market themselves and leverage alumni networks.

19、As a solution to the shrinking academic job market, several top Ph. D. programs have opted to reduce the number of incoming doctoral candidates to limit their oversupply. However, some argue that this approach does not recognize that many humanities Ph. D. s will go on to positively impact other ind

20、ustries, as many already have. “Academic institutions hold a responsibility to advance knowledge,“ Victoria Blodgett, director of Graduate Career Services at Yale University, argues. “We should be in the business of putting Ph. D. s in government, non-profits, the media and lots of industries where

21、we will be better off if we have people who are trained to think as deeply as they are. “ 21 Many people think some Ph. D. s have trouble finding jobs probably because_.（A）they are no longer seen as indispensable future staff（B） they are toying with the idea of leaving academia（C） they cannot mainta

22、in their competitive edge over MAs（D）they demand monthly wages that are burdensome for all22 The underlined sentence “the plate tectonics of academia has been shifting“ most probably means that_.（A）the study of the planet structure has yielded different results（B） the various parts forming the Earth

23、s crust have been moving（C） the universitys organizational structure has been under close examination（D）the appointments of faculty within universities have undergone a marked shift23 What can be inferred from Para. 3?（A）AHA and MLA dont think it is meaningful to assess career prospects of humanitie

24、s Ph. D. s.（B） AHA and MLA welcome any discussion about employment outcomes.（C） Employment statistics on humanities Ph. D. s have been accurate so far.（D）Fewer humanities Ph. D. s entered industries except business and production. 24 How do humanities Ph. D. s usually find jobs?（A）They use connectio

25、ns to land teaching jobs at university.（B） They receive counseling on securing non-academic jobs.（C） They get substantial help when looking for white-collar jobs.（D）They turn to their friends, relatives, and schoolmates for help. 25 According to Victoria Blodgett, Ph. D. s_.（A）are very much needed i

26、n a diverse array of career fields（B） are responsible for causing this supply-demand imbalance（C） are trained to think too deeply for non-academic jobs（D）are better off by holding down non-academic jobs25 One of the biggest hurdles to getting more electric cars on the road is “ range anxiety,“ the w

27、orry people have of their car battery dying before they get to a charging station. A new study should help brush those fears aside. Most American drivers do not go beyond the distance that todays electric cars can go on a single battery charge in one day, the study found. In fact, 87 percent of the

28、vehicles on the road could be replaced by low-cost EVs on the market today even if they were only charged overnight, say the MIT researchers who conducted the study published in Nature Energy. If this large-scale swap were to happen, it would lead to roughly 30 percent less carbon emissions even if

29、the electricity were coming from carbon-emitting power plants. The researchers analyzed daily vehicle travel patterns across the U. S. by bringing together two large datasets. One, the National Household Travel Survey, gave them information on millions of trips made by all kinds of cars. The other i

30、ncluded detailed GPS-based data collected by state agencies that measured second-by-second velocity of each kind of trip. The researchers also factored in ambient temperature and inefficient driving behavior to calculate the energy consumption of each trip: extensive heating or cooling and driving h

31、abits such as hard acceleration zap energy and can reduce driving range. Taking the 2013 Nissan Leaf as an example of an affordable EV on the market, the researchers found that it could meet the driving needs of 87 percent of vehicles on a single day. That number could go up to 98 percent as batteri

32、es meet new capacity targets set by the Advanced Research Projects Agency-Energy. What about the remaining 13 percent of trips? The researchers admit that electric cars might not cut it for longer trips, such as vacation travel. For those times, they suggest that people in a two-car household could

33、use their gasoline-powered vehicle, or they could rely on car-sharing or renting services. The data covered the countrys 12 major metro cities, from dense urban areas such as New York to sprawling cities like Houston. Surprisingly, the adoption potential of electric vehicles was pretty similar acros

34、s these diverse cities: it only varied from 84-93 percent. “ This goes against the view that electric vehiclesat least affordable ones, which have limited rangeonly really work in dense urban centers,“ said the studys lead author Jessika E. Trancik in a press release. Trancik and her colleagues admi

35、t that addressing range anxiety might not be enough to boost EV sales. “Satisfying consumer preferences for vehicle performance and aesthetics will also be important, as will financing options to offset the purchase price,“ they say in the paper.26 What has the new study found?（A）American drivers do

36、nt have “range anxiety“.（B） American drivers do have “range anxiety“.（C） American drivers of electric cars worry about their batteries.（D）American drivers of electric cars neednt worry about their batteries. 27 What do we know about electric cars today?（A）They can travel for one day on a single char

37、ge.（B） They can replace 13 percent of gas vehicles.（C） They surpass a typical Americans daily driving distance.（D）They help to cut the prices of gas vehicles. 28 The word “swap“ (Para. 2) is closest in meaning to_.（A）exchange（B） sale（C） termination（D）promotion29 According to the passage, which of th

38、e following has not been considered by the MIT researchers?（A）Driving speed.（B） Satellite data.（C） Fuel quality.（D）Air conditioning. 30 What information do Trancik and her colleagues offer on the use and marketing of EVs?（A）EVs and gas vehicles may complement each other well.（B） EVs are much more us

39、eful than gas vehicles in city centers.（C） EV companies can hugely expand their sales by easing consumers worries.（D）EV companies should not lower the cheap car prices any more. 30 We already know that gender balanced senior teams are not only better for business, the economy and society, but also c

40、rucial to womens continuing success in the workplace. The visibility of women at the top demonstrates to other women that it is possible for them to get there too. For this reason, senior women are often presented as role models to inspire others to follow in their footsteps. Having said this, I bel

41、ieve it is important to recognise that role models and visibility are not one and the same. Role models tend to be more personal, while visibility has a more widespread effect when it comes to changing working culture. It isnt fair to put the pressure of being a perfect role model on the women who h

42、ave made it to the top of their field. Most female employees are more inspired by realistic, relatable and attainable traitsnot just seniority. When women are asked to describe their ideal role model, they often reveal a wide variety of sought-after characteristics, traits and behaviours. From being

43、 decisive, intelligent and confident to warm, approachable and inclusive, what makes an ideal role model is often personal and might change over time. We must work instead to normalise gender-balanced leadership, shifting away from the preoccupation with role models. Once we achieve this, the gender

44、 of role models becomes redundant anyway: we will simply see them all around. The visible balance of power between women and men sends a clear message to women and girls of all ages that they can climb the career ladder too. This visibility of women in traditionally male-dominated roles and industri

45、es cannot be underestimated. This is beautifully illustrated by photographer Leonora Saunders in her series “10%. . . and rising“ , which challenges preconceptions of what women can or cant do in the world of work. Once girls and boys see people like themselves employed in all industries, their choi

46、ces in life will be much greater and employers will benefit from their capability and talent, not their gender. We need to focus increasingly on visible, balanced leadership at the highest levels of business. This is not to say that senior level women cant be role models to other women in their orga

47、nisation, but that true role models should be found at all levels, in line managers or even junior staff. Perhaps in time, when it becomes normal to see as many women as men in senior roles, the search for role models will be less about gender and will simply celebrate good leadershipwhatever that m

48、ay look like.31 According to Para. 1, female role models_.（A）are more important than their male counterparts（B） are more influential when cooperating with men（C） are possibly to be replaced by other women（D）are a clear sign that women will continue to succeed32 Role models and visibility are not the

49、 same because_.（A）visibility is more about fame and recognition（B） visibility is less about monumental achievements（C） role models are more about leadership quaitties（D）role models are less about distinctive qualities33 Gender-balanced leadership must be normalized so that people will_.（A）have the confidence and determination to make it to the top in the business world（B） accept the system under which there are more male role model