[考研类试卷]2014年南京航空航天大学英语翻译基础真题试卷及答案与解析.doc

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1、2014 年南京航空航天大学英语翻译基础真题试卷及答案与解析英译汉1 artificial intelligence2 greenhouse gases3 integrated circuit4 information retrieval5 credit risk6 pay by installment7 press conference8 arms race9 host city10 budget deficit11 videophone12 economic depression13 guided missile14 aerodynamics15 automatic control汉译英1

2、6 机器人17 飞机起落架18 空调系统19 最大起飞重量20 手机短信21 技术开发22 雾霾23 机场航站楼24 注册资本25 市场营销26 欧元区27 民航业28 大飞机29 机长30 电气工程与自动化英译汉31 In many areas the A380 has proven technologies that will become the standard for the next generation of airliners. As one example, the aircraft benefits from a higher proportion of carbon-fi

3、bre composite than any previous Airbus aircraft, around 22% compared with 12% for an A340-600 or 9% on a 777. For the first time, this technology has been applied to major components such as the centre-wing box. The information and data management requirements for an aircraft as large as the A380 al

4、so have placed demands on system design. These have been met in two ways. The aircrafts system uses 22 computers of 7 different varieties that share all the functions traditionally handled by individual “ black boxes“ Data exchange in the system utilizes a high capacity and high speed datalink with

5、data exchange at a rate of 10 million bits per second, 100 times the capacity of a traditional avionics system.32 The world balance of power is changing. Countries like China, India, Turkey and Brazil are heard from more frequently and on a wider range of subjects. The European Unions most ambitious

6、 global projectcreating a universal treaty to reduce carbon emissionshas collapsed, and EU expansion has slowed to a crawl as Europe turns inward to deal with its debt crisis. Japan has ceded its place as the largest economy in Asia to China and appears increasingly on the defensive in the region as

7、 Chinas hard and soft powers grow. The international specialists have a label for these changes: American decline. The dots look so connectable; The financial crisis, say the experts, comprehensively demonstrated the failure of “Anglo-Saxon“ capitalism. The wars in Afghanistan and Iraq have sapped A

8、merican strength and, allegedly , destroyed Americas ability to act in the Middle East. Actually, whats been happening is just as fateful but much more complex. The United States isnt in decline, but it is in the midst of a major rebalancing.汉译英33 中国政府今年宣布推动的重大项目一一大飞机公司计划即将迈出第一步。从事大飞机研制的中国商用飞机有限公司将于

9、 11 日在上海挂牌，专家预计，中国自主研发的大型客机将在 2020 年前正式投产。中国商用飞机有限公司注册资本 190亿元。作为第 152 家中央直属企业，大飞机公司的领导班子已浮出水面，公司的董事长和总经理全部由原国防科工委官员出任。34 在公元前 5 世纪春秋末期，首先在江苏扬州附近开凿了一条运河，把长江的水引向北面。这条运河最初在公元 7 世纪隋朝时期得到扩长，最后在公元 13 世纪被修成了今天的大运河。大运河在元、明、清三代是中国南北运输的大动脉，为南北经济和文化的交流做出了巨大的贡献。由于南北海运的发展和 19 世纪中期天津至浦口和北京至汉口铁路的开通，大运河的作用被大大地削弱了，

10、很多地段荒废了和被泥沙堵塞了。在新中国成立后，大运河又焕发了生机。除山东地段只能部分通航之外，大运河很多其他的地段在一些季节能通航，从江苏至浙江的 800 千米地段能全年通航。2014 年南京航空航天大学英语翻译基础真题试卷答案与解析英译汉1 【正确答案】 人工智能2 【正确答案】 温室气体3 【正确答案】 集成电路4 【正确答案】 信息检索5 【正确答案】 信用风险6 【正确答案】 分期付款7 【正确答案】 新闻发布会8 【正确答案】 军备竞赛9 【正确答案】 主办城市10 【正确答案】 预算赤字11 【正确答案】 可视电话12 【正确答案】 经济萧条13 【正确答案】 导弹14 【正确答案

11、】 空气动力学15 【正确答案】 自动控制汉译英16 【正确答案】 robot17 【正确答案】 aircraft landing gear18 【正确答案】 air conditioning system19 【正确答案】 maximum take-off weight20 【正确答案】 short message21 【正确答案】 technological development22 【正确答案】 smog23 【正确答案】 airport terminal24 【正确答案】 registered capital25 【正确答案】 marketing26 【正确答案】 Eurozone2

12、7 【正确答案】 civil aviation28 【正确答案】 large passenger aircraft29 【正确答案】 pilot-in-command30 【正确答案】 electrical engineering and automation英译汉31 【正确答案】 在很多方面，A380 经验证的技术都将成为下一代飞机的标准。例如，与之前的客机相比，飞机采用了更多的碳纤维复合材料，并因此而受益。A380 复合材料的使用比例大约在 22，A340-600 和 777 的比例则分别为 12和9。这些复合材料技术也首次被应用于如中央翼盒这样的主要的部件生产中。对于类似于 A380

13、这样的大飞机，信息和数据管理对系统设计提出了要求。这些要求在两个方面得到了满足。飞机的航电系统使用了 7 种类型的 22 台计算机来承担所有功能，而这些功能之前是由各个“黑盒子” 执行的。系统数据交换应用了高容量高速度的数据链，数据交换速度达到了 1 000 万比特每秒，是传统航电系统速度的100 倍。32 【正确答案】 世界力量均势正在发生改变。在日渐广泛的议题上，人们越来越频繁地听取中国、印度、土耳其和巴西等国的意见。欧盟最雄心勃勃的全球性工程订立各国一致遵守的减少碳排放协议的计划已经流产，而随着欧洲着眼于解决自身债务危机，欧盟的经济扩张也放缓至龟速。日本已将亚洲最大经济体的宝座让给了中国

14、，并且随着中国软硬两方面的实力不断增强，日本在亚洲似乎日益处于防守态势。各国分析人士给上述变化贴上了一个标签：美国的衰落。这些点看上去是紧密相连的：专家说，金融危机全面展示了英美资本主义的失败。阿富汗与伊拉克战争削弱了美国的力量，据说也破坏了美国在中东的行动能力。实际上，这些变化有如命定，但究其原因却更为复杂。美国并不是在走下坡路，而是正在经历重大调整。汉译英33 【正确答案】 Earlier this year, a major projectLarge Aircraft Corporation Plan which Chinese government announced to promo

15、te is about to take its first step. Commercial Aircraft Corporation of China, Ltd.(COMAC), which is engaged in developing large aircrafts, will go public in Shanghai in November. Experts predict that large aircrafts developed independently by China will be put into production officially before 2020.

16、 COMAC has a registered capital of RMB 19 billion. The 152nd enterprise directly under central governments management, the senior management team of this large aircraft corporation is taking shape, both the Chairman and the General Manager being former officials of State Commission of Science and Te

17、chnology for National Defense Industry.34 【正确答案】 In the late Spring and Autumn Period in the 5th century B. C. , a canal was first cut near Yangzhou, Jiangsu, to guide the water of the Yangtze River to the north. The canal was lengthened first in the Sui Dynasty of the 7 th century and constructed i

18、n the Yuan Dynasty of 13th century, finally becoming what has been known as the Grand Canal. The Grand Canal was the major transport artery between north and south China during the Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties, contributing greatly to the economic and cultural exchange between north and south. Owin

19、g to the development of the maritime transport between north and south and the opening of the Tianjin-Pukou and Beijing-Hankou railways in the mid-19th century, the role of the Grand Canal was greatly reduced and many sections of it fell into disrepair or became choked with mud. The Grand Canal gained a new lease on life after the founding of the Peoples Republic of China. Except for the section in Shandong which is only partly serviceable, many other sections are navigable in some of the seasons while the 800-kilometer stretching from Jiangsu to Zhejiang open to year-round shipping.