[考研类试卷]2011年四川大学英语专业(语言学)真题试卷及答案与解析.doc
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1、2011 年四川大学英语专业(语言学)真题试卷及答案与解析一、名词解释1 State what you know about the following terms IN ONE SENTENCE FOR EACH:language competence vs. language performance2 hypotactic vs. paratactic languages3 langue vs. parole4 standard dialect5 immediate constituent6 Define the following terms with at least two exam
2、ples:binary analysis of word meaning7 degradation of word meaning8 analogy9 semantic feature10 co-occurrence二、词汇题11 Determine the original term from which the following words were back-formed:(10 points)workaholic12 spam13 telethon14 modem15 bit16 brunch17 transistor18 motel19 glimmer20 medicares三、简
3、答题21 What will you like to say to a statement like “one cultures meat is another cultures poison“?22 What is the semantic triangle proposed by Ogden and Richards in their The Meaning of Meaning? Do you agree or not?23 Please briefly answer the following question IN ABOUT 500 WORDS:According to John
4、Austins speech act theory, to say is to do; i. e. , we do things with words. Do you know anything about his suggestions of “locutionary act“ , “ illocutionary act“ and “ perlocutionary act“ ? If you do, please demonstrate your understanding of them, with examples, if necessary.2011 年四川大学英语专业(语言学)真题试
5、卷答案与解析一、名词解释1 【正确答案】 Competence refers to the ideal users knowledge of the rules of his language, while performance refers to the actual realization of the ideal users knowledge of the rules of his language in linguistic communication.【试题解析】 (考查语言能力与语言运用)2 【正确答案】 Hypotactic language means in the lan
6、guage, the dependent or subordinate constructions and relationship of clauses are connected and shown by connectives, for example, English, while paratactic means in this language, clauses are arranged one after the other without connectives showing the relation between them, for example, Chinese.【试
7、题解析】 (考查从属语言和并列语言)3 【正确答案】 Langue refers to the abstract linguistic system shared by all the members of a speech community, and it is the linguistic competence of the speaker, while parole refers to the realization of langue in actual use.【试题解析】 (考查语言和言语)4 【正确答案】 The standard dialect is a particular
8、 variety of a language in that it is not related to any particular group of language users, but it is the variety which any member of a speech community can possibly use regardless of his social and geographical backgrounds, his gender and age.【试题解析】 (考查标准方言)5 【正确答案】 Immediate constituents are const
9、ituents immediately, directly, below the level of a construction, which may be a sentence like Poor John ran away, a word group like poor John or a word and a word may also be analyzed into its immediate constituents, morphemes.【试题解析】 (考查直接成分)6 【正确答案】 Binary analysis of word meaning means that in me
10、aning analysis, if a word has the semantic feature A, then we can mark this word as+ A; if it does not have this semantic feature, then we can mark it as-A. For example, we can mark the following words as man(+ Male, + Adult, + Human), woman(-Male, + Adult, + Human)and boy(+ Male, -Adult, + Human).【
11、试题解析】 (考查对分法)7 【正确答案】 When the meaning of a word narrows toward an unfavorable meaning, it is called degradation or degeneration or pejorative change. Some words once respectable may become less so and others once neutral in meaning may acquire a pejorative connotation. A “villain“ , for example, wa
12、s originally a man who worked on a farm or villa. At first, it was a term implying no contempt, and came to be a term of reproach. Other words like this are churl(once a man), boor(once a farmer)and so on.【试题解析】 (考查词义的降格)8 【正确答案】 Analogy is a form of comparison, but unlike simile or metaphor, which
13、usually concentrates on one point of resemblance, analogy draws a parallel between two unlike things that several common qualities of points of resemblance. For example; The sunflowers are shaking their heads and smiling. The broomcorn seems to be teams of Young Pioneers.【试题解析】 (考查类比)9 【正确答案】 In com
14、ponential analysis, the small components dissected from the lexical meaning of a word, such as + MALE, + HUMAN, and + ADULT, are called semantic components or semantic properties.【试题解析】 (考查语义特征)10 【正确答案】 It refers to that words of different sets or classes may permit, or require, the occurrence of a
15、 word of another set or class to form a sentence or a particular part of a sentence. For instance, what can precede a noun(dog)is usually the determiners and adjectives, and what can follow it when it takes the position of subject will be predicators such as bark, bite, run, etc.【试题解析】 (考查共现关系)二、词汇题
16、11 【正确答案】 workaholic; work + a + holic; -holic, now used as suffix, evolves from the word “ alcoholic“ .12 【正确答案】 spam; “spam“ originates from “Spam“.13 【正确答案】 telethon; television + thon; tele- comes from “television“ , while -thon from “marathon“.14 【正确答案】 modem; “modem“ is the combination of “mod
17、ulator“ and “demodulator“.15 【正确答案】 bit; “bit“ evolves from “bitten“.16 【正确答案】 brunch; “brunch“ is the combination of “breakfast“ and “lunch“.17 【正确答案】 transistor: “ transistor“ is the combination of “ transfer“ and “ resistor“.18 【正确答案】 motel; “motel“ is the combination of “motor“ and “hotel“.19 【正
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