INTERN CEMS A-31 PART I-2003 Steel Bolts and Studs Includes Appendix July 1999《钢制螺栓和螺柱 包含附录 1999-07》.pdf

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1、This document is restricted and may not be sent outside International Truck and Engine Corporation or reproduced without permission from Corporate Technical Standards. Suppliers are required to assume all patent liability. 2003 International Truck and Engine Corporation DECEMBER 2003 Page 1 of 28 IN

2、TERNATIONAL TRUCK AND ENGINE CORPORATION CEMS (CORPORATE ENGINEERING MATERIAL SPECIFICATION)NUMBER: CEMS-A-31, Part I TITLE: Steel Bolts and StudsCURRENT ISSUE DATE: DECEMBER 2003 WRITTEN/REVIEWED BY: Materials Engineering APPROVED BY: Materials Engineering SUPERSEDES ISSUE OF: July 1999 PRINTED COP

3、IES OF THIS DOCUMENT MUST BE VERIFIED FOR CURRENT REVISION This specification may involve hazardous materials, equipment, and procedures. This specification does not purport to address all of the safety issues associated with its use. The user is responsible to consult appropriate safety and health

4、practices and to determine the applicability of regulatory limits prior to use. Change Notice: Complete revision with editorial changes. CEMS A-31, STEEL BOLTS, STUDS, AND NUTS This specification is in two parts: Part I - Steel Bolts and Studs Part II- Steel Nuts PART I STEEL BOLTS AND STUDS (Includ

5、es Inch and Metric Fasteners) 1.0 SCOPE This specification covers the Corporations requirements for the material and properties of steel bolts and studs. Dimensional requirements and general specifications for standard bolts are covered in the Engineering Standard Parts Book, Section B. Nonstandard

6、bolts and studs will be covered by engineering drawings which should refer to this specification for material and property requirements. For purposes of this specification, the term “bolts“ also includes cap screws and SEMS*; the term “studs” also includes quenched and tempered U-bolts. 2.0 INTRODUC

7、TION This specification provides guidance to the selection and use of fasteners in International design. Bolted joints are used extensively in the assembly of our products and provide for adjustment, replacement and ease of repair. Material properties of both inch and metric fasteners are described

8、in this specification. 3.0 CONTENTS PAGE CLASSIFICATION AND IDENTIFICATION 2 CHEMICAL COMPOSITION 6 MECHANICAL PROPERTIES 8 METALLURGICAL REQUIREMENTS 15 HEAT TREATMENT 22 QUALITY SAMPLING PROCEDURE 22 METHODS OF TEST 23 DESIGNATION ON DRAWINGS AND PURCHASE ORDERS 28 PACKAGING AND SHIPPING 28 APPEND

9、IX - Not a Requirement Green Sheets * SEMS is the term used to describe “screw and washer assemblies”. Copyright International Truck and Engine Corporation Provided by IHS under license with INTERNNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-NUMBER: CEMS A-31, P

10、art I TITLE Steel Bolts and Studs CURRENT ISSUE DATE: DECEMBER 2003 Page 2 of 28This document is restricted and may not be sent outside International Truck and Engine Corporation or reproduced without permission from Corporate Technical Standards. Suppliers are required to assume all patent liabilit

11、y. 2003 International Truck and Engine Corporation. DECEMBER 2003 Page 2 of 28 4.0 REFERENCE DOCUMENTS Unless otherwise specified, the latest issue of all referenced standards shall apply. The following standards, specifications and regulations are referenced in this specification. ANSI Standard B1.

12、1 ASTM E 8 Quality System Standard QS-9000 (ISO 9000 or TS-16949) ISO 965I ASTM E 18 INTERNATIONAL Manufacturing Std. D-13 ISO 898I ASTM E 112 INTERNATIONAL Specification AT-2 ASTM A 307 ASTM F 568M INTERNATIONAL Engring Procedural Std 61 ASTM A 325 ASTM F 606M INTERNATIONAL Specification G-1 ASTM A

13、 354 SAE J 429 INTERNATIONAL Specification G-18 ASTM A 370 SAE J 121 INTERNATIONAL Specification G-19 ASTM A 449 SAE J 123 INTERNATIONAL Specification G-20 ASTM A 490 SAE J 417 CFR Title 29, Part 1910 ASTM E 3 SAE J 1061 5.0 CLASSIFICATION and IDENTIFICATION 5.1 Classification: Steel bolts, and stud

14、s, are classified, or graded, on the basis of their mechanical properties. Increasing Class, or Type numbers correspond to increasing tensile strength requirements. Suffix letters or numbers are used to denote physical, chemical or other property variations of fasteners within the same strength clas

15、sification. 5.2 Identification: Identification requirements for each International Type or Class are shown in Tables I, Ia, and Ib: Classification and Identification Inch Fasteners; Classification and Identification Metric Fasteners; and Classification and Identification Special Use Fasteners. All s

16、tandard and/or special bolts, except Type I, will have permanent, legible, head markings (raised or depressed) to indicate bolt Type or Class as shown in Tables I, Ia, and Ib. A manufacturers identification symbol, which uniquely identifies the manufacturer, will be included and should preferably be

17、 in the center of the head. For Types 8R and 9R, the manufacturers identification symbol must be in the center of the head. The symbol must not exceed 0.4 mm (0.016 inch) in height, nor be of length greater than 33% of the dimension across flats. 5.3 Manufacturers Identification Specific requirement

18、s for the registry of manufacturers identification symbols may be established by regulatory controls. Manufacturers identification symbols used on International fasteners must comply with all established regulatory controls. Copyright International Truck and Engine Corporation Provided by IHS under

19、license with INTERNNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-NUMBER: CEMS A-31, Part I TITLE Steel Bolts and Studs CURRENT ISSUE DATE: DECEMBER 2003 Page 3 of 28This document is restricted and may not be sent outside International Truck and Engine Corporation

20、 or reproduced without permission from Corporate Technical Standards. Suppliers are required to assume all patent liability. 2003 International Truck and Engine Corporation. DECEMBER 2003 Page 3 of 28 5.0 CLASSIFICATION AND IDENTIFICATION (Continued) TABLE I CLASSIFICATION AND IDENTIFICATIONINCH FAS

21、TENERS Designation International Type * Product Obsolete IH Type Approx. SAE J429 Grade Approx. ASTM (Bolts Only) Material Type (2) Thermal Treatment (2) Head Marking 1 Bolts Screws Studs 2 (1) A 307 Low or Medium Carbon Steel None None 5 Bolts Screws Studs 2 5 A 325 Type 1, or A 449 Medium Carbon S

22、teel (3)5.1 SEMS - 5.1 - Low or Medium Carbon Steel (3) 5.2 Bolts Screws 5B 5.2 A 325, Type 2 Low Carbon Boron Steel Quench and Tempered 8 Bolts Screws Studs 3, 4 8 A 354, Grade BD, or A 490 Medium Carbon or Medium Carbon Alloy Steel 8.2 Bolts Screws 8B 8.2 Low Carbon Boron Steel Quench and Tempered

23、 8.1* Studs 4E or 8E 8.1 1541 Modified or 4145 Modified Steel Elevated Temperature Drawn None * Bolts in sizes through inch with lengths through 6 inches will be roll threaded unless otherwise specified. * For low carbon boron bolts, the head marking must consist of 3 or 6 radial lines for Type 5.2

24、or 8.2, respectively, as shown in Table I. * Studs only (includes U-bolts) (1)SAE Grade 2 is not applicable to Type 1 studs over inch diameter. (2) For detailed chemical composition and heat treatment requirements, see “Chemical Composition,” page 6, and “Heat Treatment,” page 22. (3) For Type 5 and

25、 5.1 fasteners, medium carbon boron or medium carbon alloy steels may be used at the suppliers option *Copyright International Truck and Engine Corporation Provided by IHS under license with INTERNNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-NUMBER: CEMS A-31, P

26、art I TITLE Steel Bolts and Studs CURRENT ISSUE DATE: DECEMBER 2003 Page 4 of 28This document is restricted and may not be sent outside International Truck and Engine Corporation or reproduced without permission from Corporate Technical Standards. Suppliers are required to assume all patent liabilit

27、y. 2003 International Truck and Engine Corporation. DECEMBER 2003 Page 4 of 28 5.0 CLASSIFICATION AND IDENTIFICATION (Continued) TABLE Ia CLASSIFICATION AND IDENTIFICATIONMETRIC FASTENERS Designation Head Marking (2) Approximate International Class * ISO R898 I ASTM F568M Nom. Size Material Type (1)

28、Thermal Treatment (1)Preferred Optional 5.8 (3)5.8 5.8 M5 thru M24 Low or Medium Carbon Steel None Required 8.8 8.8 8.8 M17 thru M36 9.8 (4) (5) 9.8 M1.6 thru M16 10.9 10.9 10.9 M6 thru M36 Medium Carbon or Medium Carbon Boron or Medium Carbon Alloy Steel or Low Carbon Boron Steel Quench and Tempere

29、d * Bolts in sizes through 20 mm with lengths through 150 mm will be roll threaded unless otherwise specified. (1)For detailed chemical composition and heat treatment requirements, see “Chemical Composition,” page 7, and “Heat Treatment,” page 22. (2)When low carbon boron steels are used for fastene

30、r sizes thru M20 in classes 8.8, 9.8, and 10.9, the symbol will be underlined 8.8, 9.8, 10.9. (3) Class 5.8 requirements apply to bolts and screws with lengths of 150 mm and shorter and to studs of all lengths. (4)Not to be specified for new designs. Class 9.8 is an acceptable alternate to Class 8.8

31、 to assure maximum material availability in North America .(5) For Class 9.8 SEMS base metal hardness may be 25-40 HRC and surface hardness shall not exceed 60 HR30N. This requirement is applicable to fasteners manufactured same as SEMS except without the washer, sizes M1.6 thru M12. 5.8 5.8 8.8 8.8

32、 9.8 9.8 10.9 10.9Copyright International Truck and Engine Corporation Provided by IHS under license with INTERNNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-NUMBER: CEMS A-31, Part I TITLE Steel Bolts and Studs CURRENT ISSUE DATE: DECEMBER 2003 Page 5 of 28This

33、document is restricted and may not be sent outside International Truck and Engine Corporation or reproduced without permission from Corporate Technical Standards. Suppliers are required to assume all patent liability. 2003 International Truck and Engine Corporation. DECEMBER 2003 Page 5 of 28 5.0 CL

34、ASSIFICATION AND IDENTIFICATION (Continued) TABLE Ib CLASSIFICATION AND IDENTIFICATION-SPECIAL USE FASTENERS Head Marking (1) International Designation * Type of Material * Thermal Treatment * Preferred Optional Class INCH FASTENERS 8 R (2)Medium Carbon or Medium Carbon Alloy Steel Quench and Temper

35、ed, Roll Threaded After Heat Treatment 9 (3) Medium Carbon Alloy Steel Quench and Tempered 9R (2) (3) Medium Carbon Alloy Steel Quench and Tempered, Roll Threaded After Heat Treatment Class METRIC FASTENERS 10.9R (2)Medium Carbon, Medium Carbon Alloy Steel Quench and Tempered, Roll Threaded After He

36、at Treatment 12.9 (3) Quench and Tempered 12.9R (2) (3)Medium Carbon Alloy Steel Quench and Tempered, Roll Threaded After Heat Treatment * Bolts sizes thru M20 or inch with lengths thru 150 mm or 6 inches will be roll threaded unless otherwise specified. * For detailed chemical composition and heat

37、treatment requirements, see “Chemical Composition,” page 7, and “Heat Treatment,” page 22. (1)Head marking for identification is mandatory as described in Section 5.3. Where an optional head marking is not indicated, the preferred head marking is required. (2)When roll threading after heat treatment

38、 is required, roll threading will be accomplished in one pass; no rerolling permitted. Normally, roll threaded after heat treatment bolts are specified for special applications requiring enhanced fatigue resistance. Typically, these bolts are designed and specified with special configurational refin

39、ements that increase fatigue life. The usage of bolts roll threaded after heat treatment (8R, 10.9R, 9R, or 12.9R) is allowed after consultation with Design Analysis and Materials Engineering. These fasteners are associated with cost penalties. (3)Applications for Type 9 and Class 12.9 Hex Headed fa

40、steners should be minimized. These fasteners require approval from Design Analysis and Materials Engineering. The capability of the bolt manufacturer and the anticipated in-use environment must be considered. These products require rigid production controls and may be susceptible to stress corrosion

41、 cracking in certain environments. 10.9R12.912.9R8R 9R 10.9R 12.9 12.9R 9 Copyright International Truck and Engine Corporation Provided by IHS under license with INTERNNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-NUMBER: CEMS A-31, Part I TITLE Steel Bolts and S

42、tuds CURRENT ISSUE DATE: DECEMBER 2003 Page 6 of 28This document is restricted and may not be sent outside International Truck and Engine Corporation or reproduced without permission from Corporate Technical Standards. Suppliers are required to assume all patent liability. 2003 International Truck a

43、nd Engine Corporation. DECEMBER 2003 Page 6 of 28 6.0 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS 6.1 Chemical Composition Bolts and studs purchased to this specification will conform to the limits and requirements shown in Tables II, IIa, and IIb: Chemical Composition, Inch Fasteners; Chemical Composition, Metric Fastene

44、rs; and Chemical Composition, Special Use Fasteners. Fasteners in any one container will consist of only one nominal steel analysis. TABLE II CHEMICAL COMPOSITION *, INCH FASTENERS Elemental Composition, weight percent (Max, except where shown as min or range) International Type Approx SAE J429 Grad

45、e Nominal Diameter, Inches Carbon Phosphorus Sulfur Alloys * Deoxidation Practice BOLTS 1 2 Thru * Over 0.28 0.55 0.05 0.05 0.06 0.06 Optional Optional 5 5 All 0.26-0.55 Optional Fully Killed5.1 5.1 No.4 thru 5/8” 0.15-0.55 Optional 5.2 (2)5. 2 Optional: Thru 1” dia 0.15-0.25 0.05 0.06 Optional Full

46、y Killed, Fine Grain (1) 8 (3)8 Under additional variations for check analysis do not apply. Use of steels to which bismuth, selenium, tellurium, or lead has been intentionally added, is not permitted for Types 5, or 8 bolts or studs. * Refers to alloying elements: Mn, Ni, Cu, Cr, Mo, and B. For bor

47、on steels, B = 0.0005 - 0.003. * Applies only to bolts with lengths of 6 inches or less. Longer bolts will meet the requirements shown for bolts over 3/4 inch diameter. (1) Austenitic grain size will be 5 or finer as determined by the McQuaid-Ehn, Test Method AT-2 or other suitable test (occasional

48、grains as large as 3 are permissible). In the event of controversy, the McQuaid-Ehn test per ASTM E 112, Appendix III will be the referee method with any modifications as may be noted. (2) Low carbon boron steel. (3)Steel for Type 8 bolts and studs will have sufficient hardenability to produce the required microstructur