EN ISO 4545-1-2018 en Metallic materials - Knoop hardness test - Part 1 Test method.pdf

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1、BSI Standards PublicationWB11885_BSI_StandardCovs_2013_AW.indd 1 15/05/2013 15:06Metallic materials - Knoop hardness testPart 1: Test methodBS EN ISO 4545-1:2018National forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of EN ISO 4545-1:2018. It is identical to ISO 4545-1:2017. It supersedes BS

2、 EN ISO 4545-1:2005, which is withdrawn.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee ISE/101/5, Indentation hardness testing.A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include

3、all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. The British Standards Institution 2018 Published by BSI Standards Limited 2018ISBN 978 0 580 84280 1ICS 77.040.10Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations.This Britis

4、h Standard was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 31 March 2018.Amendments/corrigenda issued since publicationDate Text affectedBRITISH STANDARDBS EN ISO 4545-1:2018EUROPEAN STANDARDNORME EUROPENNEEUROPISCHE NORMEN ISO 4545-1March 2018ICS 77.040.10 Supers

5、edes EN ISO 4545-1:2005EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATIONCOMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATIONEUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNGCEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels 2018 CEN Ref. No. EN ISO 4545-1:2018: EAll rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide

6、for CEN national MembersMetallic materials - Knoop hardness test - Part 1: Test method (ISO 4545-1:2017)Matriaux mtalliques - Essai de duret Knoop - Partie 1: Mthode dessai (ISO 4545-1:2017)Metallische Werkstoffe - Hrteprfung nach Knoop - Teil 1: Prfverfahren (ISO 4545-1:2017)This European Standard

7、was approved by CEN on 30 November 2017.CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such

8、 national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member.This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own l

9、anguage and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versions.CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Gree

10、ce, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United Kingdom.English VersionEN ISO 4545-1:2018 (E)European forewordThis document (EN ISO 4545-1:2018) has b

11、een prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 164 “Mechanical testing of metals” in collaboration with Technical Committee ECISS/TC 101 “Test methods for steel (other than chemical analysis)” the secretariat of which is held by AFNOR.This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standa

12、rd, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by September 2018, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by September 2018.Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent right

13、s. CEN shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.This document supersedes EN ISO 4545-1:2005.According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Be

14、lgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Swed

15、en, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom.Endorsement noticeThe text of ISO 4545-1:2017 has been approved by CEN as EN ISO 4545-1:2018 without any modification.2BS EN ISO 4545-1:2018ISO 4545-1:2017Foreword iv1 Scope . 12 Normative references 13 Terms and definitions . 14 Principle 15 Symbols an

16、d designations 25.1 Symbols and designations used in this document . 25.2 Designation of hardness number 36 Testing machine 36.1 Testing machine . 36.2 Indenter . 36.3 Diagonal measuring system . 37 Test piece 47.1 Test Surface 47.2 Preparation 47.3 Thickness . 47.4 Support of unstable test pieces .

17、 48 Procedure. 58.1 Test temperature . 58.2 Test force 58.3 Periodic verification . 58.4 Test piece support 58.5 Focus on test surface 58.6 Test force application 68.7 Prevention of the effect of shock or vibration 68.8 Minimum distance between adjacent indentations 68.9 Measurement of diagonal leng

18、th . 78.10 Calculation of hardness value 79 Uncertainty of the results 710 Test report . 7Annex A (normative) Procedure for periodic checking of the testing machine, diagonal measuring system and the indenter by the user . 9Annex B (informative) Uncertainty of the measured hardness values 11Annex C

19、(informative) Knoop hardness measurement traceability .18Annex D (informative) CCM Working group on hardness .22Annex E (informative) Adjustment of Khler illumination systems .23Bibliography .24 ISO 2017 All rights reserved iiiContents PageBS EN ISO 4545-1:2018ISO 4545-1:2017ForewordISO (the Interna

20、tional Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has be

21、en established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical stan

22、dardization.The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accorda

23、nce with the editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details o

24、f any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents).Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not constitute an endorse

25、ment.For an explanation on the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISOs adherence to the World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see the following UR

26、L: www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html.This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 164, Mechanical testing of metals, Subcommittee SC 3, Hardness testing.This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO 4545-1:2005), which has been technically revised.The main changes compared

27、to the previous edition are as follows: all references have been removed of indentation diagonals 0,020 mm; the resolution requirements have been defined for the measuring system; the lower test force limit of the Knoop hardness test has been expanded to 0,009 807 N; the requirements for the periodi

28、c (weekly or daily) verifications of the testing machine have been defined as normative, the maximum permissible bias value has been revised, and the requirements for the maximum permissible error in measuring a reference indentation have been revised; the recommendations for inspection and monitori

29、ng of the indenter have been added (moved from ISO 4545-2); the requirements have been revised for the approach velocity of the indenter prior to contact with the sample surface; the timing requirements for the test force application and the duration at maximum test force are revised to indicate tar

30、get time values; Figure 3 has been added illustrating the requirements for the minimum distance between indentations; the distances have been stated with respect to the indentation centres rather than the indentation limits, but the requirements have not changed; the requirements have been added to

31、the test report for reporting the test date and any hardness conversion method used;iv ISO 2017 All rights reservedBS EN ISO 4545-1:2018ISO 4545-1:2017 Annexes C, D and E have been added concerning Knoop hardness measurement traceability, the CCM Working group on hardness and adjustment of Khler ill

32、umination systems, respectively.A list of all parts in the ISO 4545 series can be found on the ISO website. ISO 2017 All rights reserved vBS EN ISO 4545-1:2018This page deliberately left blankMetallic materials - Knoop hardness test Part 1: Test method1 ScopeThis document specifies the Knoop hardnes

33、s test method for metallic materials for test forces from 0,009 807 N to 19,613 N.The Knoop hardness test is specified in this document for lengths of indentation diagonals 0,020 mm. Using this method to determine Knoop hardness from smaller indentations is outside the scope of this document as resu

34、lts would suffer from large uncertainties due to the limitations of optical measurement and imperfections in tip geometry. ISO 14577-1 allows the determination of hardness from smaller indentations.A periodic verification method is specified for routine checking of the testing machine in service by

35、the user.Special considerations for Knoop testing of metallic coatings can be found in ISO 4516.2 Normative referencesThe following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition

36、cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.ISO 4545-2, Metallic materials Knoop hardness test Part 2: Verification and calibration of testing machinesISO 4545-3, Metallic materials Knoop hardness test Part 3: Calibration of

37、 reference blocks3 Terms and definitionsNo terms and definitions are listed in this document.ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses: IEC Electropedia: available at http:/www.electropedia.org/ ISO Online browsing platform: available at http

38、:/www.iso.org/obp4 PrincipleA diamond indenter, in the form of a rhombic-based pyramid with angles, and , between opposite edges respectively equal to 172,5 and 130 at the vertex, is forced into the surface of a test piece followed by measurement of the long diagonal, d, of the indentation remaining

39、 in the surface after removal of the test force, F (see Figures 1 and 2).INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 4545-1:2017 ISO 2017 All rights reserved 1BS EN ISO 4545-1:2018ISO 4545-1:2017Figure 1 Principle of the test and indenter geometryFigure 2 Knoop indentationThe Knoop hardness is proportional to the qu

40、otient obtained by dividing the test force by the projected area of the indentation, which is assumed to be a rhombic-based pyramid, and having at the vertex the same angles as the indenter.NOTE As applicable, this test document has adopted hardness test parameters as defined by the working group on

41、 hardness (CCM-WGH) under the framework of the International Committee of Weights and Measures (CIPM) Consultative Committee for Mass and Related Quantities (CCM) (see Annex D).5 Symbols and designations5.1 Symbols and designations used in this documentSee Table 1 and Figures 1 and 2.Table 1 Symbols

42、 and designationsSymbol DesignationF Test force, in newtons (N)d Length of the long diagonal, in millimetresdsLength of the short diagonal, in millimetres Angle between the opposite edges of the long diagonal at the vertex of the diamond pyramid indenter (nominally 172,5) (see Figure 1) Angle betwee

43、n the opposite edges of the short diagonal at the vertex of the diamond pyramid (nominally 130) (see Figure 1)V Magnification of the measuring systemNOTE Standard acceleration due to gravity, gn= 9,806 65 m/s2, which is the conversion factor from kgf to N.To reduce uncertainty, the Knoop hardness ca

44、n be calculated using the actual indenter angles and .2 ISO 2017 All rights reservedBS EN ISO 4545-1:2018ISO 4545-1:2017Symbol Designationc Indenter constant, relating projected area of the indentation to the square of the length of the long diagonalIndenter constant, c =tantan222, for nominal angle

45、s and , c is approximately 0,070 28HKKnoop hardness =Test force (kgf)Projected area of indentation (mm )2=12gnTest force (N)Projected area of indentation (mm )=12gnFcdFor the nominal indenter constant c 0,070 28,Knoop hardness 1 4512,FdNOTE Standard acceleration due to gravity, gn= 9,806 65 m/s2, wh

46、ich is the conversion factor from kgf to N.To reduce uncertainty, the Knoop hardness can be calculated using the actual indenter angles and .5.2 Designation of hardness numberKnoop hardness, HK, is designated as shown in the following example.640 HK 0,1 20 Duration of test force (20 s) if not within

47、 the specig976ied range (10 s to 15 s) Approximate kgf equivalent value of applied test force where (0,1 kgf = 0,980 7 N) Hardness symbol Knoop hardness value 6 Testing machine6.1 Testing machineThe testing machine shall be capable of applying a predetermined force or forces within the desired range

48、 of test forces, in accordance with ISO 4545-2.6.2 IndenterThe indenter shall be a diamond in the shape of a rhombic-based pyramid, as specified in ISO 4545-2.6.3 Diagonal measuring systemThe diagonal measuring system shall satisfy the requirements in ISO 4545-2. ISO 2017 All rights reserved 3BS EN

49、ISO 4545-1:2018ISO 4545-1:2017Magnifications should be provided so that the diagonal can be enlarged to greater than 25 % but less than 75 % of the maximum possible optical field of view. Many objective lenses are non-linear towards the edge of the field of view.NOTE A diagonal measuring system using a camera for measurement can use 100 % of the cameras field of view, provided it is designed to consider field of view limitations of the optical system.The resolution required of the diagonal