EN 15826-2009 6875 Vitreous and porcelain enamels - Terminology《釉瓷和搪瓷 术语》.pdf

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1、BS EN 15826:2009ICS 01.040.25; 25.220.50NO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAWBRITISH STANDARDVitreous andporcelain enamels TerminologyCopyright European Committee for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with CENNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking pe

2、rmitted without license from IHS-,-,-This British Standardwas published under theauthority of the StandardsPolicy and StrategyCommittee on 31 January2010 BSI 2010ISBN 978 0 580 62748 4Amendments/corrigenda issued since publicationDate CommentsBS EN 15826:2009National forewordThis British Standard is

3、 the UK implementation of EN 15826:2009.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to TechnicalCommittee STI/36, Vitreous enamel coatings.A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained onrequest to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the n

4、ecessary provisionsof a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application.Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunityfrom legal obligations.Copyright European Committee for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with CENNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permi

5、tted without license from IHS-,-,-BS EN 15826:2009EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN 15826 December 2009 ICS 01.040.25; 25.220.50 English Version Vitreous and porcelain enamels - Terminology maux vitrifis - Terminologie Emails und Emaillierungen - Terminologie This European Standar

6、d was approved by CEN on 7 November 2009. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning su

7、ch national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN Management Centre or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own langua

8、ge and notified to the CEN Management Centre has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithu

9、ania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels 2009 C

10、EN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN 15826:2009: ECopyright European Committee for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with CENNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-B

11、S EN 15826:2009EN 15826:2009 (E) 2 Contents Page Foreword 31 Scope 42 Terms and definitions .4Annex A (informative) Cross reference index of alternative terms . 28Copyright European Committee for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with CENNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permit

12、ted without license from IHS-,-,-BS EN 15826:2009EN 15826:2009 (E) 3 Foreword This document (EN 15826:2009) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 262 “Metallic and other inorganic coatings”, the secretariat of which is held by BSI. This European Standard shall be given the status of a nati

13、onal standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by June 2010, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by June 2010. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rig

14、hts. CEN and/or CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, C

15、zech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. Copyright European Committee for Standardi

16、zation Provided by IHS under license with CENNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-BS EN 15826:2009EN 15826:2009 (E) 4 1 Scope This European Standard defines a number of terms relating to vitreous and porcelain enamels and their technology. This list is n

17、ot complete and only comprises those terms for which the definition is considered necessary for correct and adequate understanding in order to clarify these processes. It should be understood that the interpretations given are those corresponding to the practical usage in this field and that they do

18、 not necessarily coincide with those used in other fields. For purposes of clarification, the term Vitreous Enamel, used throughout this European Standard, is synonymous with Porcelain Enamel, the term favoured in the United States and some other countries. 2 Terms and definitions For the purposes o

19、f this document, the following terms and definitions apply. NOTE Annex A lists alternative terms and cross refers to primary terms used below. 2.1 abrasive blasting process for cleaning or finishing by means of an abrasive directed at high velocity against the work piece 2.2 abrasion resistance degr

20、ee of resistance of vitreous enamel to be abraded by solid materials 2.3 acid resistance degree of resistance of vitreous enamel to attack by acidic corrosive chemicals 2.4 adherence (enamel-metallic substrate) adhesion degree of bonding between the fused vitreous enamel and the metallic substrate 2

21、.5 adherence of powder ability of a vitreous enamel powder to remain attached by static attraction to a grounded substrate before firing 2.6 ageing change in properties of vitreous enamel slips, powders, reagents, or steel with the lapse of time 2.7 air seal air curtain flow of pressurised air acros

22、s the entrance and exit of a continuous furnace that prevents heat escaping from the furnace but allows ware to pass through 2.8 alkali degreasing removal of oil, grease, lubricants, and loose debris from the surface of the metallic substrate by immersion or spraying with an aqueous alkali degreaser

23、 in preparation for vitreous enamelling Copyright European Committee for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with CENNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-BS EN 15826:2009EN 15826:2009 (E) 5 2.9 alkali resistance degree of resistance of vitreous

24、 enamel to attack by alkaline corrosive mediums 2.10 aluminium enamel vitreous enamel specifically formulated for application on aluminium substrates 2.11 anneal annealing thermal treatment of metals generally made by controlled heating and subsequent cooling NOTE Raw castings are heated in the rang

25、e from 650 C to 950 C to relieve stresses and strains, burn off grease and in some cases to change the structure of the iron and in so doing improve the castings condition prior to coating with vitreous enamel. 2.12 anti-scale compound agent that is applied to furnace tooling and other items to prot

26、ect them from scaling during firing 2.13 back emission back ionisation (electrostatic powder) defect often with the appearance of localised, very heavy orange peel, due to excessive charge build-up in the powder film resulting in electrical breakdown of air (i.e. back emission) NOTE The effect of th

27、e self-limiting characteristics of the electrostatic powder, during application. 2.14 ball mill ceramic or ceramic-lined rotating cylinder in which vitreous enamel materials are either wet or dry ground, generally using alumina, porcelain or steatite balls as grinding media 2.15 batch smelter discon

28、tinuous smelter smelter which is charged, fired, and discharged according to a predetermined periodic cycle 2.16 bead defect resulting from accumulation of enamel usually at the point where the enamel drains off the ware in dipping 2.17 beading rim enamelling application of ridge of vitreous enamel,

29、 along the edge or rim of ware 2.18 beading enamel rim enamel vitreous enamel specifically formulated for beading 2.19 biocide anti-bacterial agent used to inhibit fermentation of organic mill additions such as gums Copyright European Committee for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with

30、CENNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-BS EN 15826:2009EN 15826:2009 (E) 6 2.20 bisque dry unfired vitreous enamel coating 2.21 black specks defect that appears as black particles at the surface of vitreous enamel coating NOTE 1 See boiling (2.26) and c

31、arbon boil (2.34). NOTE 2 This can be the result of reaction with the substrate or with contamination on the substrate surface. 2.22 blank sized piece of untreated metal sheet that will be used in forming the finished article 2.23 blasting process whereby solid metallic, mineral, synthetic resin, ve

32、getable particles or water are projected at high velocity against a work piece for the purpose of cleaning, abrading or shot peening the surface 2.24 blister defect that appears as a localised bubble under the surface of the fired vitreous enamel 2.25 bloom visual exudation or efflorescence on the v

33、itreous enamel surface NOTE See scumming (2.212). 2.26 boiling defect resembling areas of ground-coat pull-through, blisters and pinholes, visible after first cover-coat fire NOTE 1 See carbon boil (2.34) and black specks (2.21). NOTE 2 This can be the result of excessive ground-coat activity during

34、 cover-coat fire, as the ground-coat boils up through the cover-coat it maybe accompanied by a release of gases. 2.27 bolt-hole brush specially designed round brush used to remove vitreous enamel bisque from in and around small openings in the ware 2.28 box furnace furnace in which ware is fired acc

35、ording to a predetermined periodic cycle 2.29 break out defect characterised by areas of blisters, having well-defined boundaries 2.30 bubble structure size and spatial distribution of voids within the fired vitreous enamel layer Copyright European Committee for Standardization Provided by IHS under

36、 license with CENNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-BS EN 15826:2009EN 15826:2009 (E) 7 2.31 burn-off defect that appears as a localised area of rough oxides erupting through the enamel coating NOTE This can be caused by too thin an application of enam

37、el, allowing excessive oxidation of the metal substrate during firing, leading to super saturation of the enamel coating with metal oxides. 2.32 burning bar burning point burning tool tool used to suspend or support ware during firing operations 2.33 button test fusion button test control test to de

38、termine the relative fusibility of vitreous enamel frit or powder NOTE 1 See fusion flow test (2.126). NOTE 2 The completed test specimen resembles a button. 2.34 carbon boil defect resembling areas of blisters, pinholes, or black specks, visible in fired vitreous enamel NOTE 1 See boiling (2.26) an

39、d black specks (2.21). NOTE 2 Result of the oxidation of carbides and free carbon at or near the surface of the steel substrate during firing, resulting in evolution of gasses. 2.35 cascading defect that starts with a few particles of powder detaching themselves after application and as they cascade

40、 down the ware they gather more and more powder leaving a trail of thinner and thinner coating NOTE Excess powder, inadequate powder adhesion and vibration contribute to this defect. 2.36 cast iron enamel vitreous enamel specifically formulated for application on cast iron substrate 2.37 cermet cera

41、mic-metal coating mixture of one or more ceramic materials in combination with a metallic phase applied to a metallic substrate 2.38 chalkboard enamel blackboard enamel special type of matt vitreous enamel, used to provide a writing surface for chalk 2.39 chalky surface surface defect where the vitr

42、eous enamel surface has lost its gloss and taken on a powdery appearance NOTE See scumming (2.212). Copyright European Committee for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with CENNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-BS EN 15826:2009EN 15826:2009

43、(E) 8 2.40 chemical resistance degree of resistance of vitreous enamel to attack by corrosive chemicals 2.41 chipping defect characterised by fracturing and detachment of irregular enamel particles from the vitreous enamel surface 2.42 cleanability relative ease with which soils or stains can be rem

44、oved from a fused vitreous enamel surface 2.43 cleaner pre-treatment solution, usually alkaline, used to remove oil, grease, lubricants, and loose debris from the surface of metal substrate in preparation for vitreous enamelling 2.44 cleaning degreasing vapour degreasing removal of foreign materials

45、, such as abraded metallic particles from pressing or blasting, grease, oil, oxides, scale, rust, swarf, etc. from the surface 2.45 clear frit transparent frit vitreous enamelling frit that remains essentially transparent or non-opaque when fused 2.46 coefficient of expansion rate at which a materia

46、l will expand under the influence of increasing temperature 2.47 cold-rolled steel low carbon, cold-reduced and annealed sheet steel, not necessarily enamelling quality 2.48 colour matching comparison of two or more samples of products that are notionally the same colour 2.49 colouring oxide calcine

47、d mixture of inorganic material used as a mill addition to impart colour to a vitreous enamel 2.50 coloured frit vitreous enamel frit containing a colorant in order to produce a strong colour in the fired vitreous enamel 2.51 consistency rheological properties of a vitreous enamel slip that control

48、its draining, flowing, and spraying behaviour 2.52 continuity of coating degree to which a vitreous enamel is free from defects such as bare spots, boiling, blisters, or copperheads, etc. that could reduce its protective and/or its aesthetic properties Copyright European Committee for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with CENNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-BS EN 15826:2009EN 15826:2009 (E) 9 NOTE See discontinuity (2.82). 2.53 continuous furnace furnace through which ware is fed continuously and from which the fi