EN 14943-2005 en Transport services - Logistics - Glossary of terms《运输服务 后勤学 术语表》.pdf

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1、BRITISH STANDARDBS EN 14943:2005Transport services Logistics Glossary of termsThe European Standard EN 14943:2005 has the status of a British StandardICS 01.040.03; 03.100.10g49g50g3g38g50g51g60g44g49g42g3g58g44g55g43g50g56g55g3g37g54g44g3g51g40g53g48g44g54g54g44g50g49g3g40g59g38g40g51g55g3g36g54g3g

2、51g40g53g48g44g55g55g40g39g3g37g60g3g38g50g51g60g53g44g42g43g55g3g47g36g58BS EN 14943:2005This British Standard was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 30 March 2007 BSI 2007ISBN 978 0 580 50362 7National forewordThis British Standard was published by BSI.

3、 It is the UK implementation of EN 14943:2005. It supersedes BS 5191:2004 which is withdrawn.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee MS/3, Logistics in manufacturing and distribution.A list of organizations represented on MS/3 can be obtained on request to its se

4、cretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application.Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations. Amendments issued since publicationAmd. No. Date CommentsEUROPEAN STAND

5、ARDNORME EUROPENNEEUROPISCHE NORMEN 14943December 2005ICS 01.040.03; 03.100.10English VersionTransport services - Logistics - Glossary of termsServices de transport - Logistique - Glossaire de termes Transportdienstleistungen - Logistik - GlossarThis European Standard was approved by CEN on 4 Novemb

6、er 2005.CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this EuropeanStandard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such nationalstandards may be obtaine

7、d on application to the Central Secretariat or to any CEN member.This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translationunder the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Central Secretari

8、at has the same status as the officialversions.CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France,Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal,

9、Slovakia,Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATIONCOMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATIONEUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNGManagement Centre: rue de Stassart, 36 B-1050 Brussels 2005 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reservedworldwide

10、 for CEN national Members.Ref. No. EN 14943:2005: EEN 14943:2005 (E) 2 Contents Page Foreword 3 Introduction . 4 1 Scope. 6 2 Normative references. 6 3 Terms and definitions 6 Annex A (informative) Proposed structure for a logistics system . 140 Annex B (informative) Glossary of logistics related ac

11、ronyms 145 Annex C (informative) Terms of delivery 149 Bibliography 150 EN 14943:2005 (E) 3 Foreword This European Standard (EN 14943:2005) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 320 “Transport - Logistics and services”, the secretariat of which is held by DS. This European Standard shall b

12、e given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by June 2006, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by June 2006. This European Standard has been prepared by Working Group 6 “Transport Services: Logi

13、stics” of CEN/TC 320 “Transport Services”. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, H

14、ungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. EN 14943:2005 (E) 4 Introduction Logistics is now widely recognised as a highly important function of every organisation de

15、aling with physical goods (and of many that do not). In order to make it work effectively along the total physical and information chains of supply, delivery and planning, it uses a number of terms that, while in frequent use, are rarely fully defined. The wider dissemination of logistics concepts h

16、as brought about the creation of new terms and changes in meaning of older terms; these need to be understood throughout Europe. Although the word “logistics” has military origins, the concepts and functions of logistics are nowadays adopted by all kinds of private-sector and public-sector organisat

17、ions as well as in the military sector. In this European Standard the terms are defined with reference to the needs of commercial organisations, i.e. business systems. Most of the definitions are also appropriate for non-commercial organisations. In preparing this list of terms stringent selection c

18、riteria have been applied. The Glossary lists only those terms that have a realistic relationship with logistics. Terms of a general nature, having a meaning which is identical to or very similar to the definition to be found in a conventional dictionary, are not listed. Similarly, terms which are f

19、requently used in a logistics environment but which originate from a different business function or are of a specialist nature are not listed. This refers in particular to terms in the areas of: finance; commerce, including payment terms; information technology; mathematics. Terms are defined by ref

20、erence to their usage in European organisations, although some terms and definitions of American origin that have achieved wide acceptance are also included. Important sources of information have included: Terminology in Logistics: Terms B: intermediate group that is paid less attention; C: large gr

21、oup of items (materials or products) that represent only a small part of the total consumption value, production value, turnover value or stocks. Relatively speaking, this category receives the least attention and requires mostly a different solution 3.4 ABC zoning assignment of storage locations in

22、 a store to one of three or more areas (zones) according to travel distance/time to the point of supply in order to minimise travel time 3.5 abnormal demand see: incidental demand EN 14943:2005 (E) 7 3.6 accessibility ability of a carrier to provide service between a provenance and a destination 3.7

23、 accessorial service service rendered by a carrier in addition to its transportation service, e.g. such as stopping in transit to complete loading or for partial unloading, or heating, refrigerating, or storing shipped goods 3.8 accompanied transport transport of complete road vehicles through anoth

24、er mode of transport (e.g. by ferry or train) accompanied by the driver 3.9 accumulation bin (assembly bin) physical location used to accumulate all of the components that go into an assembly before sending the assembly order out to the assembly floor 3.10 active stock stock that covers raw material

25、, work in process, finished products which will be used or sold within a given period 3.11 acknowledgement of receipt notification relating to the receipt of something such as goods, messages and documents 3.12 actual demand demand that represents firm customer orders 3.13 actual stock amount of sto

26、ck at a particular moment in time 3.14 add/delete bill of material planning bill of material to forecast options NOTE In this bill of material a standard item can be replaced by another item. 3.15 additional loading device standardised carrying platform suited to materials handling equipment or surr

27、ounding/bordering vessel that loads quantities of goods and combines them for transportation, transhipment or storing 3.16 additional requirement supplementary need of materials which is calculated according to a predetermined schedule from supplementary needs arising from rejects and technical chan

28、ges etc., and/or a known incidental need NOTE It is a part of the gross requirements. EN 14943:2005 (E) 8 3.17 ADR(Accord europen relatif au transport international des marchandises Dangereuses par Route) regulations which govern the international movement of dangerous goods by road 3.18 advance mat

29、erial request (AMR) ordering materials before the release of the formal product design 3.19 advanced planning and scheduling (APS) decision support tools employing computer based optimisation, that deal with analysis and planning of logistics and manufacturing over short, intermediate, and long-term

30、 time periods 3.20 advanced ship notice (ASN) EDI notification of shipment of product 3.21 agent person or organization authorized to act for or on behalf of another person or organization 3.22 aggregate forecast estimate of sales for some grouping of products, perhaps for all products or within a f

31、amily of products, produced by some manufacturing facility NOTE Stated in terms of units or money worth or both, the aggregate forecast is used for sales and operations planning purposes and to control the total company forecast. 3.23 aggregate inventory management establishing the overall levels of

32、 stock desired and implementing controls to ensure that individual replenishment decisions achieve this goal 3.24 aggregate plan plan that includes data relating to all items or to groups or families of items NOTE Usually the basis of the production plan. 3.25 aggregate stock stock for any grouping

33、of items or products, involving multiple stock keeping units 3.26 aggregation (- level, - plan, - reporting, - stock etc.) combining parts to form sets on the basis of certain criteria, the aim being to enable these sets to be regarded as a single whole with respect to particular points of considera

34、tion or planning functions. These sets can again be combined to form new sets NOTE 1 Figures relating to sets frequently possess more reliability for (long term) planning than the figures relating to the parts. For the aggregation of products, the criteria can, for example, be selected on the basis

35、of commercial considerations (e.g. all products with a particular performance) or production considerations (e.g. all products with a particular type of labour content). The sets of products created in this way can be regarded as a single whole for the purpose of planning. NOTE 2 Reverse of aggregat

36、ion is detailing. EN 14943:2005 (E) 9 3.27 aggregation level extend to which products or items are grouped in an aggregate plan 3.28 air consignment note see: air way bill 3.29 air container container conforming to European Standards laid down for air transportation 3.30 air/surface (intermodal) con

37、tainer article of transport equipment having an internal volume of 1 m3(35,3 ft3) or more, fitted with top and bottom corner fittings, with restraint provisions compatible with an aircraft restraint system, and an entirely flush base bottom to allow handling on roll conveyor cargo handling systems N

38、OTE The container is primarily intended for transport by air and interchange with surface transport modes (road, rail and sea). Containers of these types have type codes 90 to 99. 3.31 air way bill (AWB), (air consignment note) document made out by or on behalf of the carrier(s), confirming receipt

39、of the goods by the carrier and evidencing the contract between the shipper and the carrier(s) for the carriage of goods by aircraft as described therein 3.32 all time order last order for a particular product in the last phase of its life cycle NOTE This order is of such a size that the total deman

40、d for and/or consumption of this product that is to be expected in the future can be satisfied. 3.33 all time requirement total requirement for a particular product to be expected in the future NOTE Used for products in the last phase of their life cycles, when production is (nearly) stopped. 3.34 a

41、ll time stock stock accumulated in view of the fact that the relevant product is not to be produced any longer 3.35 allocated material material on hand or on order that is assigned to specific future production or customer order. See also: reserved material 3.36 allocation (reservation) division and

42、/or allotment/assignment of goods, activities, capacity, costs, and/or (production) resources to organizational units such as customers, suppliers, factory or department or to products EN 14943:2005 (E) 10 3.37 allotment (in transport) share of the capacity of a means of transport assigned to a cert

43、ain party, e.g. a carrier or an agent, for the purpose of the booking of cargo for a specific voyage 3.38 amplification effect (bullwhip effect, business chain effect, Forrester effect) see: Forrester effect 3.39 ancillary material (indirect material) material used in production which is no longer f

44、ound as such in the product, e.g. cutting oil, maintenance material 3.40 approved demand units ordered and accepted in an ordering system, due for immediate delivery NOTE Forward orders become approved demand when they are released for immediate delivery. 3.41 areas/fields of application application

45、 of logistics in subsystems such as procurement, production, distribution, product maintenance, and reversed distribution is described as logistics with the appropriate pre-fix 3.42 assemble to order type of manufacturing in which components and/or subassemblies are assembled or configured only when

46、 a customer order is received. See also : Decoupling point 3.43 assembled part (sub-assembly) assembled product which itself is used in a higher level assembled product 3.44 assembly 1. (process) stage of production in which components are put together into an end product appropriate to the process

47、concerned 2. (product) combination of parts and possibly raw materials put together to make up a composite article 3.45 assembly lead time period of time between the moment a work order is issued to the assembly floor and the moment of delivery of the assembled product to the store or receiving orga

48、nisations 3.46 assembly level relative position of a part or sub-assembly within a hierarchy of assemblies NOTE It is recommended that a final assembly be designated assembly level 0; the sub-assemblies and/or parts constituting a final assembly should be designated assembly level 1, 2, and so on. E

49、N 14943:2005 (E) 11 3.47 ATA carnet (Admission Temporaire / Temporary Admission) international customs document that enables travellers taking goods abroad temporarily (e.g. samples, goods for exhibitions) to avoid all duty payments and formalities at the frontier 3.48 auto-discrimination ability of a bar code reader to distinguish automatically between two or more symbologies (e.g. Interleaved 2 of 5, Code 39) 3.49 automatic guided vehicle (AGV) unmanned vehicle controlled electronically NOTE AGVs follow a prescribed path, stopping at each machining or assembly st