DIN EN ISO 10308-2006 Metallic coatings - Review of porosity tests (ISO 10308 2006) English version of DIN EN ISO 10308 2006-04《金属覆层 孔隙率试验评述》.pdf

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1、 DEUTSCHE NORMApril 2006DIN EN ISO 10308 ICS 25.220.40 Supersedes DIN EN ISO 10308:1997-10 Metallic coatings Review of porosity tests (ISO 10308:2006) English version of DIN EN ISO 10308:2006-04 Metallische berzge bersicht der Porenprfverfahren (ISO 10308:2006) Englische Fassung DIN EN ISO 10308:200

2、6-04 Document comprises 37 pages No part of this standard may be reproduced without prior permission of DIN Deutsches Institut fr Normung e. V., Berlin. Beuth Verlag GmbH, 10772 Berlin, Germany, has the exclusive right of sale for German Standards (DIN-Normen). English price group 15 www.din.de www.

3、beuth.de !,nhC“11.06 9756932DIN EN ISO 10308:2006-04 2 National foreword This standard has been published in accordance with a decision taken by CEN/TC 262 to adopt, without alteration, International Standard ISO 10308 as a European Standard. The responsible German body involved in its preparation w

4、as the Normenausschuss Materialprfung (Materials Testing Standards Committee), Technical Committee NMP 161 Mess- und Prfverfahren fr metallische und andere anorganische berzge. Amendments This standard differs from the October 1997 edition as follows: a) The standard now includes an introductory war

5、ning notice. b) References have been updated. c) The table in Annex A has been updated. d) Annex E has been updated. e) Annex F has been revised. Previous editions DIN EN ISO 10308: 1997-10 EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN ISO 10308 January 2006 ICS 25.220.40 Supersedes EN ISO 10

6、308:1997English Version Metallic coatings - Review of porosity tests (ISO 10308:2006) Revtements mtalliques - Passage en revue des essais de porosit (ISO 10308:2006) Metallische berzge - bersicht der Porenprfverfahren (ISO 10308:2006) This European Standard was approved by CEN on 28 December 2005. C

7、EN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on ap

8、plication to the Central Secretariat or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Central Secretariat ha

9、s the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Ro

10、mania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG Management Centre: rue de Stassart, 36 B-1050 Brussels 2006 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reser

11、ved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN ISO 10308:2006: EEN ISO 10308:2006 (E) 2 Foreword This document (EN ISO 10308:2006) has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 107 “Metallic and other inorganic coatings“ in collaboration with Technical Committee CEN/TC 262 “Metallic and other

12、 inorganic coatings“, the secretariat of which is held by BSI. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by July 2006, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by Jul

13、y 2006. This document supersedes EN ISO 10308:1997. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany,

14、Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. Endorsement notice The text of ISO 10308:2006 has been approved by CEN as EN ISO 10308:2006 without any m

15、odifications. EN ISO 10308:2006 (E) 3 Contents Page Foreword .2 1 Scope4 2 Normative references4 3 Terms and definitions .4 4 Principle .5 5 Common features of porosity tests.5 6 Test specimens5 7 Specific porosity tests 5 7.1 Alizarin test 5 7.2 Anthraquinone test6 7.3 Cadmium sulfide test 6 7.4 Co

16、pper sulfate (Preece) test.6 7.5 Copper sulfate (Dupernell) test6 7.6 Corrodkote test (CORR)7 7.7 Electrographic tests7 7.8 Ferrocyanide test.8 7.9 Ferron test8 7.10 Ferroxyl test .9 7.11 Flowers-of-sulfur porosity test 9 7.12 Hot-water test.9 7.13 Hydrogen sulfide or sulfur dioxide/hydrogen sulfide

17、 test 9 7.14 Haematoxylin test10 7.15 Magneson test .10 7.16 Nitric acid vapour test.10 7.17 Oxine test .11 7.18 Permanganate test 11 7.19 Polysulfide test 11 7.20 Porotest test.11 7.21 Salt spray tests neutral (NSS), acetic (AASS) and cuproacetic (CASS)12 7.22 Sulfur dioxide test .12 7.23 Sulfurous

18、 acid/sulfur dioxide vapour test 12 7.24 Thiocyanate test 12 7.25 Thioacetamlde test (TAA) .13 7.26 Watch-case acetic acid test13 7.27 Watch-case sodium bisulfite test 13 Annex A (normative) Tables of porosity tests .14 Annex B (informative) Typical report and evaluation of porosity tests 17 Annex C

19、 (informative) Schematic representation of types of pore .19 Annex D (informative) Classification of discontinuities in metallic and other inorganic coatings20 Annex E (informative) Classification of methods of testing coating porosity21 Annex F (informative) Alphabetical list of tests by substrate

20、and coating.22 Bibliography33 EN ISO 10308:2006 (E) 4 WARNING This international Standard calls for the use of substances and/or procedures that can be injurious to health if adequate precautions are not taken. It refers only to technical suitability and in no way absolves either the designer, the p

21、roducer, the supplier or the user from statutory and all other legal obligations relating to health and safety at any stage of manufacture or use. 1 Scope This International Standard reviews published methods for revealing pores (see ISO 2080) and discontinuities in coatings of aluminium, anodized a

22、luminium, brass, cadmium, chromium, cobalt, copper, gold, indium, lead, nickel, nickel-boron, nickel-cobalt, nickel-iron, nickel-phosphorus, palladium, platinum, vitreous or porcelain enamel, rhodium, silver, tin, tin-lead, tin-nickel, tin-zinc, zinc and chromate or phosphate conversion coatings (in

23、cluding associated organic films) on aluminium, beryllium-copper, brass, copper, iron, NiFeCo alloys, magnesium, nickel, nickel-boron, nickel-phosphorus, phosphor-bronze, silver, steel, tin-nickel and zinc alloy basis metal. The tests summarized in this International Standard are designed to react w

24、ith the substrate when exposed, by a discontinuity, in such a way as to form an observable reaction product. NOTE 1 Pores are usually perpendicular to the coating surface but may be inclined to the coating surface. They are frequently cylindrical in shape but may also assume a twisted shape (see Ann

25、ex C). NOTE 2 Porosity may vary in size from the submicroscopic, invisible using a light microscope, to the microscopic, visible from 10 to 1 000, to the macroscopic, visible to the naked eye. NOTE 3 Porosity may be visibly indicated by discolouration of the coated surface. NOTE 4 Porosity in a coat

26、ing is not always detrimental. In microdiscontinuous chromium, for example, porosity or microcracking is beneficial and tests are conducted to indicate the pores. NOTE 5 Results obtained from porosity tests, expressed in terms such as pores per square centimeter, are relative values associated with

27、the specific test method used and the magnification used during examination. Annex B gives typical report criteria. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated refe

28、rences, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. ISO 2080:1981, Electroplating and related processes Vocabulary ISO 10289:1999, Methods for corrosion testing of metallic and other inorganic coatings on metallic substrates Rating of test specimens and manufact

29、ured articles subjected to corrosion tests 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 2080 and the following apply. EN ISO 10308:2006 (E) 5 3.1 discontinuities cracks, micro-holes, pits, scratches or any other opening in the coating surface that

30、 exposes a different underlying metal NOTE For further information on discontinuities, see Annex D and reference 1 in the Bibliography. 4 Principle The results of porosity tests are the end products of a chemical reaction with a metallic substrate. Some occur in situ, others on paper or in a gel coa

31、ting. Observations are made that are consistent with the test method and the items being tested, as specified by the purchaser. These may be visual inspections (naked eye) or at 10 magnification (microscope). Other methods may involve enlarged photographs or photo-micrographs. See references 1,2, 3,

32、 5 and 6 in the Bibliography (see also Annex A for a tabular summary of the porosity tests and Annex D for a classification of discontinuities). 5 Common features of porosity tests Porosity tests differ from corrosion tests and, particularly, ageing tests regarding test duration. Porosity tests are

33、primarily short-time tests. A good porosity test process shall clean, depolarize and activate the substrate metal exposed by the pore and attack it to such a degree as to cause the reaction product to fill the pore to the surface of the coating. The corrosive shall not react with the coating. It is

34、essential that the time of reaction be limited, particularly with thin coatings, since the corrosive will attack the substrate in all directions and, in so doing, will undermine the coatings resulting in misleading observations. When the corrosion product is soluble in the reagent, the precipitating

35、 indicator is used to form the reaction product. (See Annex E for a classification of methods of porosity testing). 6 Test specimens Porosity tests are generally destructive in nature and are designed to assess the quality of the coating process of the substrate. Therefore, as a rule, separate test

36、specimens are not used. 7 Specific porosity tests 7.1 Alizarin test 7.1.1 Scope For coatings of chromium (including Cr/Ni/Cu and Cr/Ni/Ni), cobalt, copper, nickel, nickel-boron, nickel-cobalt, nickel-iron and nickel-phosphorus on aluminium substrate. 7.1.2 Summary of method The test specimens are tr

37、eated with sodium hydroxide, sodium alizarin sulfonate and glacial acetic acid under defined conditions. Formation of red markings or spots indicates porosity. Details of the test procedure can be found in references 9, 21 and 25 in the Bibliography. EN ISO 10308:2006 (E) 6 7.2 Anthraquinone test 7.

38、2.1 Scope For coatings of chromium (including Cr/Ni/Ni), cobalt, nickel, nickel-boron, nickel-cobalt, nickel-iron and nickel-phosphorus on aluminium, magnesium or zinc alloy substrates. 7.2.2 Summary of method The test specimens are treated with sodium hydroxide and potassium 1-aminoanthraquinone-2-

39、carboxylic acid under defined conditions. The formation of red markings or spots indicates porosity. Details of the test procedure can be found in reference 13 in the Bibliography. 7.3 Cadmium sulfide test 7.3.1 Scope For metallic coatings of chromium (including Cr/Ni/Ni), gold, palladium, platinum

40、and rhodium on beryllium-copper, brass, copper, phosphor-bronze and silver substrates. 7.3.2 Summary of method Filter paper is soaked in cadmium chloride and then treated with sodium sulfide to precipitate cadmium sulfide. The sample is sandwiched between the cadmium sulfide paper (which acts as the

41、 anode) and the moistened blotting paper fastened to a high-purity clean aluminium or stainless steel platen (which acts as the cathode). D.C. current is applied for a specific time. Brown stains on the paper indicate pores. Details of the test procedure can be found in ISO 4524-3. 7.4 Copper sulfat

42、e (Preece) test 7.4.1 Scope Variation A. For coatings of cadmium and zinc on iron, steel or iron-based alloy substrates. Variation B. For thin ( 5 m) anodic oxide coatings on aluminium and aluminium alloy substrates. 7.4.2 Summary of method The test specimen is immersed in a solution of copper sulfa

43、te; different solution compositions are used for aluminium alloy and iron alloy substrates. Reddish markings or spots, of copper, indicate pores on ferrous substrates; black markings or spots indicate pores on aluminium alloy substrates. Details of the test procedures can be found in ISO 2085. See a

44、lso reference 26 in the Bibliography. 7.5 Copper sulfate (Dupernell) test 7.5.1 Scope For coatings of chromium and micro-cracked or microporous chromium on nickel/copper or nickel/nickel on iron, steel, zinc alloys, copper and copper alloys, aluminium and aluminium alloy, plastic substrates. 7.5.2 S

45、ummary of method The test specimen is used as the cathode in an acid copper plating bath. Copper is deposited only where the basis metal or the substrate is exposed, the chromium remaining passive. After the test, examine the surface for cracks using an optical microscope. Details of the test proced

46、ure can be found in ISO 1456, ISO 4525 and ISO 6158. See also references 27 and 28 in the Bibliography. EN ISO 10308:2006 (E) 7 7.6 Corrodkote test (CORR) 7.6.1 Scope For coatings of chromium and micro-cracked or microporous chromium on nickel/copper or nickel/nickel on aluminium alloy, plastic, ste

47、el and iron alloy or zinc alloy substrates. 7.6.2 Summary of method The test specimen is coated with a slurry of corrosive salts and dried. The coated specimens are exposed to high relative humidity for a specified period of time, then cleaned and treated for redeveloping the points of failure, e.g.

48、 in a salt spray cabinet. Porosity is indicated by black markings or red rust on the iron-based substrates or by white markings on the aluminium and zinc substrates (see ISO 10289). Details of the test procedure can be found in ISO 4541. See also reference 38 in the Bibliography. 7.7 Electrographic

49、tests 7.7.1 Scope Variation A. Acrylamide electrography (See warning in 7.7.2.) For gold coatings on nickel and silver, or nickel coatings on copper substrates. Variation B. Gel bulk electrography. For gold, cobalt, nickel and palladium coatings on copper; gold, copper, cobalt and paIIadium coatings on nickel; gold on silver substrates. Variation C. Paper electrography. For the following combinations of indicator-coatings/substrate that have flat or nearly flat surfaces. Indicator Coating/substrate 1. Cadmium sulfide Chromium, gold