CIE 94-1993 Guide for Floodlighting (1st Edition) (E)《泛光灯照明用指南》.pdf

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1、 CIE 94 93 9006145 0004li08 385 )a PJ f ISBN 3 900 734 31 3 C O M M I SS I O N I NTE R NAT I O NA LE D E L C LA I RAG E 1 NT ER NAT I O N AL C O M M I SS I O N O N I LLU M I NAT I O N INTERNATIONALE BELEUCHTUNGSKOMM ISSION GUIDE FOR FLOODLIGHTING Pub. No. CIE 94 1st Edition 1993 UDC: 628.971.7:625.7

2、12.45 Descriptor: Lighting of public squares (for festivities, etc.) CIE 94 93 W 9006345 0004409 231 W II This Technical Report has been prepared by CIE Technical Committee 5-06 of Division 5 Exterior and other Lighting Applications and has been approved by the Board of Adminstration of the Commissi

3、on Internationale de IEclairage for study and application. The document reports on current knowledge and experience within the specific field of light and lighting described, and is intended to be used by the CIE membership and other interested parties. It should be noted, however, that the status o

4、f this document is advisory and not mandatoiy. The latest CIE proceedings or CIE NEWS should be consulted regarding possible subsequent amendments. Ce rapport technique a t prpar par le Comit Technique CIE 5-06 de la Division 5 Eclairage extrieur et autres applications et a t approuv par le Bureau d

5、Administration de la Commission Internationale de IEclairage, pour etude et application. Le document traite des connaissances courantes et de lexprience dans le domaine spcifique indiqu de ia lumire et de lclairage, et il est tabli pour lusage des membres de la CIE et autres groupements intresses. I

6、I faut cependant noter que ce document est indicatif et non obligatoire. Pour connaitre dventuels amendements, consulter les plus rcents comptes rendus de la CIE ou le CIE NEWS. Dieser Technische Bericht ist vom CIE-Technischen Komitee 5-06 der Division 5 Auen- beleuchtung und andere Lichtanwendunge

7、n ausgearbeitet und vom Vorstand der Com- mission Internationale de IEclairage gebilligt worden. Das Dokument berichtet ber den denehigen Stand des Wissens und Erfahrung in dem behandelten Gebiet. von Licht und Beleuchtung; es ist zur Verwendung durch CIE-Mitglieder und durch andere Interessierte be

8、stimmt. Es sollte jedoch beachtet werden, da das Dokument eine Empfehlung und keine Vorschrift ist. Die neuesten CIE-Tagungsberichte oder das CIE NEWS sollten im Hinblick auf mgliche sptere nderungen zu Rate gezogen werden. Any mention of organisations or products does not imply endorsement by the C

9、IE. Whilst every care has been taken in the compilation of any lists, up to the time of going to press, these may not be comprehensive. Toute mention dorganisme ou de produit nimplique pas une prfrence de la CIE. Malgr le soin apport la compilation de tous les documents jusqu la mise sous presse, ce

10、 travail ne saurait tre exhaustif. Die Erwhnung von Organisationen oder Erzeugnissen bedeutet keine Billigung durch die CIE. Obgleich groe Sorgfalt bei der Erstellung von Verzeichnissen bis zum Zeitpunkt der Drucklegung angewendet wurde, ist es mglich, da diese nicht vollstndig sind. O CIE 1993 CIE

11、94 93 I 9006345 0004430 T33 Ill PREFACE At the XXth congress of the CIE at Amsterdam in 1983, the Technical Committee TC 5-06 was formed to study floodlighting, later extended to include exterior decorative lighting. During the early meetings it became apparent that many of the elements contained in

12、 CIE Publication 37 (1 976) were of value and should be brought up to date and incorporated in the new publication. This has been done and the present Guide now replaces Publication 37. The active members of the Cornmittee have been: Jean PRIEUR Philippe JOYE Paul PHILIPPOT Joseph HORVAM Ramon SAN M

13、ARTIN France (Chairman) Switzerland (Secretary) Belgium Hungary Spain CIE 74 73 I 7006345 0004433 9T IV LIST OF CONTENTS PREFACE LIST OF CONTENTS LIST OF FIGURES LIST OF TABLES SUMMARY ZUSAMMENFASSUNG RESUME 1. INTRODUCTION 1.1 SURVEY OF SUBJECTS 1.2SCOPE 2. DEFINITIONS 2.1 TYPES OF SUBJECT 2.1.1 Cl

14、assic buildings 2.1.2 Commercial and industrial buildings 2.1.3 Natural sites 2.1.4 Constructions 2.1.5 Artworks and pavilions 2.1.6 Parks, gardens and flowerbeds 2.2.1 Static floodlighting 2.2.2 Dynamic floodlighting 2.2.3 Outline lighting 2.2.4 Self-luminous effects 2.2.5 “Son et Lumire 2.2 LIGHTI

15、NG EFFECTS 3. DECORATIVE LIGHTING: ITS CONCEPT AND ACHIEVEMENT 3.1 PRELIMINARY RESEARCH 3.2 PRIVATE AND ADMINISTRATIVE AUTHORIZATION 3.2.1 Owner authorization 3.2.2 Administrative authorization 3.2.3 Community and third-party interests 3.3 DOCUMENTATION . 3.3.1 Maps and plans 3.3.2 Photographs 3.4 P

16、RELIMINARY SITE STUDY 3.4.1 Surrounding night-time lighting 3.4.2 Seasonal influences 3.4.3 Access 3.4.4 Viewing points 3.4.5 Power supply 3.4.6 Financial considerations 3.5 PRELIMINARY PLAN 3.5.1 Procedures and criteria 3.5.2 Energy conservation Page 111 IV VIII VIII IX IX IX 1 1 2 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3

17、3 4 4 4 4 4 5 5 5 5 5 5 6 6 6 6 6 6 7 7 7 7 7 7 8 CIE 94 93 H 9006345 0004412 806 D 3.6 FINAL PLAN FOR THE PROJECT 3.7 INSTALLATION AND ADJUSTMENT 4. LIGHT SOURCES 4.1 INCANDESCENT LAMPS 4.1.1 General lighting service lamps 4.1.2 Sot-glass reflector lamps 4.1.3 Crown-silvered lamps 4.1.4 Extra-low-v

18、oltage lamps 4.1.5 Halogen lamps 4.1.6 Sealed-beam (PAR) lamps 4.2 DISCHARGE LAMPS 4.2.1 Fluorescent lamps 4.2.2 Cold cathode lamps 4.2.3 High-pressure mercury lamps 4.2.4 Metal-halide lamps 4.2.5 High-pressure sodium lamps 4.2.6 Low-pressure sodium lamps 4.2.7 Xenon lamps 4.2.8 Ultraviolet (UV) lam

19、ps 5. STATIC FLOODLIGHTING 5.1 PRINCIPLES 5.2 CHOICE OF SUBJECT 5.2.1 Architectural and aesthetic character 5.2.2 Hierarchy of subjects 5.2.3 Characteristics of the surroundings 5.3 FLOODLIGHTING TECHNIQUES 5.3.1 Angle of incidence 5.3.2 Direction of the lighting 5.3.3 Viewpoint and lighting directi

20、on 5.4 POSITIONING OF FLOODLIGHTS 5.4.1 Determining the positions 5.4.2 Daylight appearance 5.4.3 Glare 5.4.4 Access for maintenance and adjustment 5.5 FLOODUGHT CHARACTERISTICS 5.5.1 Photometric characteristics 5.5.2 Mechanical characteristics 5.6.1 Recommended luminance of subject 5.6.2 Illuminanc

21、e level and reflectance 5.6.3 Luminous flux 5.6.4 Calculation of the number of floodlights 5.6 LAMP RATINGS 5.7 BACKLIGHTING 8 8 9 9 9 9 9 9 10 10 10 10 11 11 11 12 12 14 14 15 15 15 15 15 15 16 16 16 16 18 18 18 18 ia 18 18 19 21 21 21 24 24 24 CIE 94 93 II b345 0004433 742 VI 5.8 USE OF COLOURED L

22、IGHT 5.8.1 Precautions and limits of use 5.8.2 Sources of coloured light 5.8.3 Colour filters 5.9 MAINTENANCE 6. DYNAMIC FLOODLIGHTING 6.1 PRINCIPLES 6.2 RANGE OF USE 6.3 JUSTIFICATION 6.4 PLANNING 6.4.1 Subdivision of the subject 6.4.2 Study of the luminous effects 6.4.3 Scenario and programme 6.4.

23、4 Use of coloured light 6.5 CONTROL UNIT 6.6 COMPLEMENTARY EFFECTS 7. INSTALLATION DESIGN 7.1 INTRODUCTION 7.2 CYLINDRICAL TOWERS 7.4 ROOF SHAPES 7.5 BALCONIES AND GALLERIES 7.6 COLONNADES 7.7 BRIDGES 7.8 FORTIFICATIONS AND DEFENCE WALLS 7.9 STATUES, SCULPTURES, MOBILES AND FLAGS 7.1 O WINDOWS 7.1 1

24、 WATER FEATURES 7.1 1.1 Fountains 7.1 1.2 Still water and lakes 7.1 1.3 Equipment quality 7.12.1 Principles 7.12.2 Selection and arrangement of equipment 7.3 MULTIPLE-FACE TOWERS 7,12 PARKS AND OPEN COUNTRY 8. OUTLINE LIGHTING 8.1 PRINCIPLES AND LIMITATIONS 8.2 ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES 8.3 METHO

25、DS 8.3.1 Incandescent lamps 8.3.2 Cold cathode lamps 8.3.3 Fluorescent tubular lamps 25 25 25 25 25 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 27 27 27 27 28 28 28 28 32 32 32 35 35 35 37 40 40 40 43 43 43 44 49 49 49 49 49 50 50 9. SELF-LUMINOUS EFFECTS 9.1 PRINCIPLES 51 51 CIE 94 93 I 90061145 00044114 689 W 9.2 DECORA

26、TIVE STRINGS AND LUMINOUS MOTIFS 9.2.1 Decorative strings 9.2.2 Luminous motifs 9.2.3 Lamps 9.2.4 Power supply 9.2.5 Control of animation effects 9.3.1 Ion lasers 9.3.2 Use 9.3.3 Safety 9.4 HOLOGRAMS 9.4.1 Principle of the hologram 9.4.2 Production limitations 9.4.3 Types of hologram 9.4.4 Reproduct

27、ion of a hologram 9.4.5 Limitations of use 9.3 LASERS 9.5 OPTICAL FIBRES 1 O. ELECTRICAL INSTALLATION 10.1 OPERATING VOLTAGES 10.2 SWITCH BOXES AND CIRCUIT PROTECTION 10.3 DISTRIBUTION NETWORK 10.4 CONNECTING THE LIGHTING INSTALLATIONS 10.5 SAFETY REGULATIONS 11. OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE 11.1 THE N

28、EED FOR MAINTENANCE 11.2 DEPRECIATION 11.2.1 Lumen output of lamps 11.2.2 Rated life of lamps 1 1.2.3 Deposits on the equipment 1 1.2.4 Operating conditions 1 1.2.5 Alterations of the adjustment 11.3.1 Periodic inspection and testing 11.3.2 Light-source replacement 11 -3.3 Cleaning 11.3.4 Adjustment

29、 11.3.5 Mechanical and electrical maintenance 1 1.3.6 Tree trimming 11 -3.7 Maintenance personnel 11.3.8 Estimation of maintenance costs 11.3.9 Operating schedule 11.3 MAINTENANCE 11.4 PROTECTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT 11.5 PHOTOGRAPHING THE LIGHTING EFFECTS 12. BIBLIOGRAPHY 12.1 REFERENCE WORKS 12.2 ST

30、ANDARDS AND REGULATIONS 51 51 51 52 52 52 52 52 53 53 54 54 54 54 55 55 56 57 57 57 58 58 58 59 59 59 59 59 59 59 60 60 60 60 60 60 61 61 61 61 61 62 62 63 63 63 5.3.1 .A 5.3.1 .B 5.3.2 5.5,l.Z.A-B 5.5.1.3 5.6.2 7.2.A-D 7.2.E-F 7.3.A-C 7.4.A-D 7.5 7.6.A-B 7.8 7.9.A-C 7.9.D-F 7.1 1 .i .A-8 7.1 1.1.C

31、7.1 1.1 .D-F 7.12.2.A-D 7.1 2.2.E-G 7.1 2.2.H 7.1 2.2.1-K CIE 94 93 9006145 0004415 5L5 W VIII LIST OF FIGURES Oblique lighting reveals texture. Weak texture requires greater obliquity. Localized lighting to soften shadows. Polar diagrams of intensity distributions. Intensity distribution curves in

32、Cartesian co-ordinates for narrow beams. Angles involved in floodlighting. Arrangements for a cylindrical tower. Arrangements for a cylindrical tower. Arrangements for a square or a multiple-faced tower. Arrangements for lighting roofs. Arrangement for lighting balconies. Arrangements for lighting c

33、olonnades. Arrangement for lighting a high wall. Arrangements for lighting a statue. Arrangements for lighting a flag. Arrangements for lighting vertical jets. Arrangement for lighting inclined jets. Arrangements for lighting waterfalls. Arrangements for lighting trees and shrubs. Arrangements for l

34、ighting an open group of trees. Arrangements for concealing floodlights. Arrangements for lighting flowerbeds. LIST OF TABLES 1 Principal characteristics of light sources. 2 Recommended illuminance values (including correction factors). 16 17 17 20 20 22 29 30 31 33 34 34 36 38 39 41 41 42 45 46 47

35、48 13 23 CIE 94 93 Bp 900b145 0004436 Y51 IX SUMMARY The purpose of this Guide from CIE Technical Committee TC 5-06 is to provide information on how to use exterior lighting for the decoration of the night time urban landscape. Of the many possible applications of lighting in an urban environment, t

36、his Guide deals with those having a purely aesthetic and decorative purpose. Such lighting can be used every night, as is often the case in the lighting of monuments, public art, commercial buildings, or used only periodically on the occasion of afestival or public gathering. The lighting of natural

37、 sites, parks, and gardens is also dealt with in this Guide. Permanent lighting for traffic or public safety, although affecting the quality of a citys night time ambience, is not dealt with in the Guide. The Guide provides tools for the exterior lighting designer and ideas for the town architect. F

38、or those who have to make the decisions on expenditure, this Guide explains the possibilities of combining outdoor urban beautification with economical and energy friendly decorative lighting. ZUSAMMENFASSUNG Diese Verffentlichung des Technischen Komitees der CIE TC 5-06 hat zum Zweck, Informationen

39、 darber zu geben, wie die Auenbeleuchtung dekorativ in der nchtlichen Stadtlandschaft eingesetzt werden kann. Von den vielen mglichen Lichtapplkationen in der Stadt behandelt diese Verffentlichung solche, die einen sthetischen und dekorativen Zweck erfllen. Diese Beleuchtung kann jede Nacht eingeset

40、zt werden, wie z. B. bei Denkmlern, Kunstwerken, ffentlichen Gebuden, oder nur periodisch bei Festen oder Versammlungen. Ferner wird in dieser Verff entlichung auch auf die Beleuchtung von Naturlandschaften, Parks, Grten und Blumenbeeten eingegangen. Die stndige Beleuchtung zum Zwecke der Verkehrssi

41、cherheit oder der ffentlichen Sicherheit wird in dieser Publikation nicht behandelt, obwohl sie sich auf das nchtliche Wohlbefinden in den Stdten auswirkt. Diese Verffentlichung bietet auch Hilfsmittel fr den Designer von Auenbeleuchtungen und ideen fr den Stadtplaner. Fr Entscheidungstrger wird die

42、 Mglichkeit der Verschnerung des Stadtbildes durch energiesparende dekorative Beleuchtung beschrieben. RESUME Lobjectif de ce guide, prpare par le Comit Technique TC 5-06 de la CIE, est de donner des informations sur les diffrentes manires dutiliser lclairage extrieur pour la mise en valeur du paysa

43、ge urbain nocturne. Parmi toutes les applications possibles de la lumire dans lenvironnement urbain, il traite plus spcialement de celles ayant un objectif esthtique et dcoratif, De tels clairages peuvent tre utiliss, soit chaque soir, cest en gnral le cas pour les illuminations des monuments, des o

44、euvres dart et lclairage des immeubles h lusage commercial, soit priodiquement lors des festivits et runions publiques. Ce guide traite aussi de lclairage des sites naturels, jardins et massifs floraux. Par contre, il naborde pas lclairage pour la circulation automobile ou la scurit publique, bien q

45、ue ces quipements aient une influence sur lambiance urbaine nocturne. Ce guide donne les informations de base ncessaires aux concepteurs en clairage extrieur et aux architectes urbanistes. II dcrit galement, lintention des dcideurs, les possibilits damliorer lesthtique urbain par un clairage qui soi

46、t dcoratif tout en ne gaspillant pas Ienergie. CIE 94 93 9006345 0004437 398 1 1. INTRODUCTION 1.1 SURVEY OF SUBJECTS With the evolution of lighting techniques, the relative cost of lighting has steadily diminished; it is now reasonable to use exterior lighting for purposes such as animation and dec

47、oration of the night-time urban landscape. Investment in urban decorative lighting has both social and economic benefits. A well-lfi city is a welcoming, reassuring and agreeable place in which to live. It attracts the tourist and holds his interest. It improves the quality of life for the residents

48、 by favouring and prolonging the time available for personal contact. At the urban level, lighting integrates the building into the context of the site. No longer made up simply of faades with geometric proportions, buildings become the elements of a subtle composition, where masses alternate with s

49、paces according to the creativity of the planner. Architecture becomes a journey, and light is present everywhere to highlight the itinerary. The spatial impressions offered to the viewer are continually renewed, whether he is at close or long range from the object. Light becomes a working tool for the architect and the city planner to a degree never before possible, on a scale from the very small to the very large. To a greater and greater