BS ISO 23853-2005 Cranes - Training of slingers and signallers《起重机 吊装工和信号手的培训》.pdf

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1、BRITISH STANDARD BS ISO 23853:2004 Cranes Training of slingers and signallers ICS 03.100.30; 53.020.20 BS ISO 23853:2004 This British Standard was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 7 July 2005 BSI 7 July 2005 ISBN 0 580 45930 6 National foreword This Bri

2、tish Standard reproduces verbatim ISO 23853:2004 and implements it as the UK national standard. The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee MHE/3, Cranes and derricks, which has the responsibility to: A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtai

3、ned on request to its secretary. Cross-references The British Standards which implement international publications referred to in this document may be found in the BSI Catalogue under the section entitled “International Standards Correspondence Index”, or by using the “Search” facility of the BSI El

4、ectronic Catalogue or of British Standards Online. This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. aid enquirers t

5、o understand the text; present to the responsible international/European committee any enquiries on the interpretation, or proposals for change, and keep UK interests informed; monitor related international and European developments and promulgate them in the UK. Summary of pages This document compr

6、ises a front cover, an inside front cover, the ISO title page, pages ii to iv, pages 1 to 20, an inside back cover and a back cover. The BSI copyright notice displayed in this document indicates when the document was last issued. Amendments issued since publication Amd. No. Date CommentsReference nu

7、mber ISO 23853:2004(E) INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 23853 First edition 2004-11-01 Cranes Training of slingers and signallers Appareils de levage charge suspendue Formation des lingueurs et des signaleurs BS ISO 23853:2004ii BS ISO 23853:2004iii Contents Page Foreword iv 1 Scope 1 2 Normative referenc

8、es. 1 3 Prerequisite aptitudes and knowledge . 1 4 Training objectives. 2 5 Training procedures. 2 6 Contents of training programme . 2 6.1 Theoretical programme 2 6.2 Practical programme 6 7 Assessment. 8 7.1 General. 8 7.2 Knowledge assessment. 8 7.3 Practical assessment 8 Annex A (informative) Pr

9、actical training aids 9 Annex B (informative) Training sheet. 15 Bibliography . 20 BS ISO 23853:2004iv Foreword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normal

10、ly carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the

11、 work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. The main task of technical committees is to prepare I

12、nternational Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some o

13、f the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. ISO 23853 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 96, Cranes, Subcommittee SC 5, Use, operation and maintenance. BS ISO 23853:20041 Cranes Training

14、 of slingers and signallers 1 Scope This International Standard specifies the minimum training to be given to trainee crane slingers and crane signallers to develop the basic slinging skills and to impart the requisite knowledge for competency required for slingers and signallers as defined in ISO 1

15、5513. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. ISO 15513, Cranes Co

16、mpetency requirements for crane drivers (operators), slingers, signallers and assessors 3 Prerequisite aptitudes and knowledge Slingers and signallers shall be at least 18 years old. They shall be medically fit for the profession. The following factors should be considered: a) physical requirements

17、adequate sight and hearing to carry out the work correctly; no dizziness when slinging and signalling at height; no disqualifying ailment or infirmity; no drug or alcohol-related problem. b) mental aptitude behaviour under stress; mental balance; sense of responsibility. Tests may be used to determi

18、ne the aptitude of the trainee (manual skill, common sense, self-control, composure, accuracy, motion coordination and reflexes). Trainees shall be able to read and understand the language in which the documents and information labels of the sling gear are written. BS ISO 23853:20042 4 Training obje

19、ctives The objectives of slinger/signaller training are: to provide knowledge about cranes; to provide knowledge about slinging equipment; to teach safe slinging methods; to teach signalling methods; to impart safe slinging techniques; to provide knowledge regarding job planning, hazard identificati

20、on and control procedures. 5 Training procedures The duration and contents of the training procedures shall be sufficient to attain the objectives. The training shall include both a theoretical programme and a practical programme. In particular, it is important that trainees are taught safe slinging

21、 work through case studies of accidents that have occurred during slinging work. The practical training shall be carried out for a small group of trainees (maximum 10 trainees) by such procedures as follows: the training instructor shall demonstrate the aspects of basic slinging work, i.e. preparati

22、on of a lift plan, identification of site hazards, determination of the centre of gravity, estimation of the mass of a load, attaching slinging equipment on the load, hoisting, transporting and lowering the load; the trainee shall then perform the slinging work according to the demonstration by the

23、instructor and repeat it until he/she becomes skilled. In particular he/she shall learn safe procedures for slinging work; the trainee acts as a slinger (or signaller) and one or two other trainees act as assistant(s). At the completion of training, assessment of the results of the theoretical and p

24、ractical programmes shall be conducted to confirm whether or not a trainee has achieved the training objectives. 6 Contents of training programme 6.1 Theoretical programme 6.1.1 Knowledge of cranes The following knowledge of cranes shall be included in the training programme: a) cranes in general: v

25、ocabulary; crane motions; lifting capacity, rated capacity chart. BS ISO 23853:20043 b) types, outline of structure, purpose of use: mobile cranes; tower cranes; jib cranes; bridge and gantry cranes. c) safety devices, load-lifting attachments, brakes. 6.1.2 Slinging equipment The following knowledg

26、e of slinging equipment shall be included in the training programme: a) wire rope slings: rope construction; rope lay; working load limit; precautions for use. b) chain slings: types of chain slings; working load limit; precautions for use. c) types, working-load limit, precautions when using fibre

27、slings: fibre rope slings; fibre webbing slings. d) types, working-load limit, precautions when using other slinging equipment: pulley (reeving) block; slinging gear (clamps, lifting hooks, shackles, lifting beams, lifting nets, eye pieces); pads, sleepers. 6.1.3 Checking (inspection) of slinging eq

28、uipment The following knowledge of the inspection of slinging equipment shall be included in the training programme: a) wire rope slings: checking of items (number of broken wires, reduction of rope diameter, wear, kink, deformation, corrosion, lubrication, abnormality at connecting part or end fitt

29、ing); discard criteria. BS ISO 23853:20044 b) chain slings: checking of items (elongation, deformation, twist, crack, abnormality at joint section); discard criteria. c) fibre slings: fibre rope slings: i) checking of items (wear, scratch, cut, corrosion, loose lay); ii) discard criteria. fibre webb

30、ing slings: i) damage (wear, scratch, cut of sewing strings); ii) outer abnormality (change of colour, colouring, melt, dirt); iii) metal fitting (deformation, scratch, crack, corrosion); iv) discard criteria. d) clamps: abnormality of clamp body or lifting ring; abnormality of throat opening; damag

31、e, wear or clogging at teeth (knurled part) of cam or jaw; function of clamp; function of safety latch; maintenance; discard criteria. 6.1.4 Slinging methods The following knowledge of slinging methods shall be included in the training programme: a) determination of the centre of gravity and estimat

32、ion of the mass of loads; b) choice of slinging method corresponding to shape of load: direct lifting; basket-hitch lifting; choke-hitch lifting; clamp lifting; lifting of unevenly shaped loads (non-symmetrical loads); lifting by a lifting beam (spreader); use of tagline. BS ISO 23853:20045 c) selec

33、tion of slinging equipment corresponding to the mass of loads and the lifting angle; d) transportation of the lifted load. 6.1.5 Signalling The following knowledge of signalling shall be included in the training programme: a) hand signals; b) flag signals; c) radio communication (voice signals). 6.1

34、.6 Safety rules 6.1.7 Job planning The following knowledge of job planning shall be included in the training programme: a) job sequence; b) path of travel of the load; c) access and egress; d) ground or supporting surface condition; e) location of personnel involved in slinging work; f) coordination

35、 with other site personnel. 6.1.8 Hazard identification and control procedures The following knowledge of hazard identification and control procedures shall be included in the training programme: a) hazards associated with the use of cranes and slinging practices: crushing hazards, such as falling l

36、oad, load collapse, caught between moving load and other object; cutting hazards, such as broken wire rope, sharp-edged load; impact hazards, such as load sway, load collapse, flying objects; entanglement hazards, such as with wire rope sling, tagline; hazard of falling from height. b) potential haz

37、ards to be taken into consideration at lifting operation site: overhead power lines; overhead service lines, such as steam, gas, telephone; trees; BS ISO 23853:20046 uneven and/or unstable ground; allowable floor loading as appropriate; surrounding buildings/vessels/structures/equipment; hazardous m

38、aterials; corrosive substances; barricades; inadequate lighting; radio interference; inclement weather. 6.2 Practical programme 6.2.1 General The practical programme shall include various steps for slinging work, such as safe procedures for slinging work, signalling, determination of the centre of g

39、ravity, estimation of the mass of loads, selection of slinging equipment, checking (inspection) of slinging equipment, attaching slinging equipment on the load and the hook, hoisting, transporting and lowering the load. With regard to the slinging methods, trainees shall learn at least the technique

40、s required for basket-hitch lifting, choke-hitch lifting, clamp lifting and lifting of unevenly shaped loads. 6.2.2 Safe procedures for slinging work Practice in the following procedures for slinging work shall be included in the training programme: a) proper clothing, use of personal protective equ

41、ipment; b) safety confirmation by finger-pointing and calling-out. 6.2.3 Signalling Practice in the following procedures for signalling shall be included in the training programme: a) hand signals; b) flag signals; c) radio communication (voice signals). 6.2.4 Determination of the centre of gravity

42、and estimation of the mass of loads Practice in the determination of the centre of gravity and estimation of the mass of loads shall be included in the training programme. 6.2.5 Selection of slinging equipment Practice in the selection of slinging equipment shall be included in the training programm

43、e. BS ISO 23853:20047 6.2.6 Checking (inspection) of slinging equipment Practice in the checking (inspection) of slinging equipment shall be included in the training programme. 6.2.7 Slinging 6.2.7.1 Attaching slinging equipment Practice in the following procedures for attaching slinging equipment s

44、hall be included in the training programme: a) determination of the centre of gravity and points for attaching slinging equipment; b) guiding the hook above the load and lowering the hook; c) attaching slinging equipment on the load and the hook; d) confirmation of the safety of slinging condition.

45、6.2.7.2 Trial lift and hoisting the load Practice in the following procedures for trial lift and hoisting the load shall be included in the training programme: a) precision hoisting and stop; b) safety confirmation; c) hoisting the load. 6.2.7.3 Transporting the load Practice in the following proced

46、ures for transporting the load shall be included in the training programme: a) planning the path of travel of the load; b) cross over (space shared with other cranes); c) signalling the transporting course and lowering position to a crane driver; d) guiding the load. 6.2.7.4 Lowering the load Practi

47、ce in the following procedures for lowering the load shall be included in the training programme: a) evaluating ground or supporting structure surface condition; b) guiding the load to the lowering place and preparing sleepers; c) lowering the load and stop lowering; d) precision lowering, grounding

48、 the load and confirmation of the stability; e) removing the slinging equipment from the hook and the load; f) checking the slinging equipment and storing it at a designated place. BS ISO 23853:20048 7 Assessment 7.1 General After the completion of the training programme, the knowledge and practical competence of the trainee shall be assessed in accordance with ISO 15513. Any trainee who does not meet the