BS ISO 1503-2009 Spatial orientation and direction of movement - Ergonomic requirements《人类工效学 立体定向及运动方向》.pdf

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1、BS ISO 1503:2008ICS 13.180NO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAWBRITISH STANDARDSpatial orientation anddirection of movement ErgonomicrequirementsThis British Standardwas published underthe authority of theStandards Policy andStrategy Committee on 30September 2009 BSI

2、 2009ISBN 978 0 580 68950 5Amendments/corrigenda issued since publicationDate CommentsBS ISO 1503:2008National forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of ISO 1503:2008.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to TechnicalCommittee PH/9, Applied ergonomics.A list of organi

3、zations represented on this committee can be obtained onrequest to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisionsof a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application.Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunityfrom legal obligations.B

4、S ISO 1503:2008Reference numberISO 1503:2008(E)ISO 2008INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO1503Second edition2008-08-15Spatial orientation and direction of movement Ergonomic requirements Orientation spatiale et sens du mouvement Exigences ergonomiquesBS ISO 1503:2008ISO 1503:2008(E) PDF disclaimer This PDF f

5、ile may contain embedded typefaces. In accordance with Adobes licensing policy, this file may be printed or viewed but shall not be edited unless the typefaces which are embedded are licensed to and installed on the computer performing the editing. In downloading this file, parties accept therein th

6、e responsibility of not infringing Adobes licensing policy. The ISO Central Secretariat accepts no liability in this area. Adobe is a trademark of Adobe Systems Incorporated. Details of the software products used to create this PDF file can be found in the General Info relative to the file; the PDF-

7、creation parameters were optimized for printing. Every care has been taken to ensure that the file is suitable for use by ISO member bodies. In the unlikely event that a problem relating to it is found, please inform the Central Secretariat at the address given below. COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT IS

8、O 2008 All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from either ISO at the address below or ISOs member body in the

9、 country of the requester. ISO copyright office Case postale 56 CH-1211 Geneva 20 Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11 Fax + 41 22 749 09 47 E-mail copyrightiso.org Web www.iso.org Published in Switzerland ii ISO 2008 All rights reservedBS ISO 1503:2008ISO 1503:2008(E) ISO 2008 All rights reserved iiiContents Pag

10、e Foreword iv Introduction v 1 Scope 1 2 Normative references 1 3 Terms and definitions .2 4 Design of spatial orientation and direction of movement .6 4.1 General6 4.2 Ergonomic design of user interface (UI) with respect to orientation and direction .6 4.3 Steps in direction design 6 4.4 Design req

11、uirements/recommendations for human-machine interface (HMI) 7 4.5 Design recommendations for graphical user interfaces (GUI) .11 4.6 Design recommendations for combined control systems 17 5 Conformance18 5.1 Applying requirements and recommendations18 5.2 Evaluation of products18 Annex A (informativ

12、e) Constituent factors of usability.19 Annex B (normative) Reference model for spatial orientation and direction of movement20 Annex C (informative) Flow of human-centred design activities .31 Annex D (informative) Spatial orientation and direction of movement design checklist 32 Bibliography 41 BS

13、ISO 1503:2008ISO 1503:2008(E) iv ISO 2008 All rights reservedForeword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical commi

14、ttees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the I

15、nternational Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft Internationa

16、l Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the

17、 subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. ISO 1503 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 159, Ergonomics, Subcommittee SC 4, Ergonomics of human-system interaction. This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO

18、1503:1977), which has been technically revised. BS ISO 1503:2008ISO 1503:2008(E) ISO 2008 All rights reserved vIntroduction It is essential for the safety and usability of any system or product that the relationship between the direction of its controls intended by a user/operator and the resulting

19、direction of movement of the target object be standardized. For example, if the operation of fire-fighting equipment is not standardized, then swift and appropriate operation in the event of a fire is difficult. If a one-hand lever is to be moved forward in Model A and backward in Model B for speed-

20、up of a railway electric car, frequent human error and, eventually, accidents are likely to be caused. If a computer does not respond in accordance with what is shown on its screen, then its usability and the efficiency of its user/operator will suffer. In construction work, effectiveness, efficienc

21、y and user/operator satisfaction will be diminished if the user/operators intention to make a dynamic change of the target object is not well followed in the control of earth-moving machinery. One of the purposes of this International Standard is to contribute to the enhancement of safety by prevent

22、ing human error during use as well as maintenance of a system and/or product. Another is to improve effectiveness, efficiency and user/operator satisfaction by making the change of state and/or the movements of a target object consistent with the user/operators intention. The first edition of ISO 15

23、03 was constructed mainly in the framework of geometry regarding the definition of three dimensional axes, geometrical orientation and the direction of control and display movements. This revised edition incorporates the ergonomic issues that affect direction design with the aim of making the standa

24、rd more directly applicable in real-world situations. It deals with ergonomics design principles and requirements for direction for products and work systems in a combined way both for conventional technical systems and newly developed information technology-related systems. BS ISO 1503:2008BS ISO 1

25、503:2008INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 1503:2008(E) ISO 2008 All rights reserved 1Spatial orientation and direction of movement Ergonomic requirements 1 Scope This International Standard sets out design principles, procedures, requirements and recommendations for the spatial orientation and direction of

26、 movement of controls and displays used in tool machines, industrial robots, office machines, earth-moving machinery, transportation (automobiles, railway electric cars/rolling stock, aircraft, ships, etc.), information, daily commodities, public utilities and the operational components of building

27、facilities. It lays down basic requirements for determining the operating direction of controls and the moving directions or changing states of the target object, as well as other relations. This International Standard defines three dimensional axes, the observer, viewing systems, linear movement, r

28、otary movement, two-dimensional and three-dimensional movements in a dynamic space sequentially, describes the four principles for determining the operating direction of a control, the moving direction of a target object and/or display, provides GUI (graphical user interface) design requirements and

29、 recommendations that integrate the relationship between the computer operation and the movement of images on-screen in line with human characteristics and to promote safety and efficiency in computer-assisted tasks, sets out design principles and recommendations for determining the moving direction

30、s of a target object and the controls of a combined control system using a multi-direction control that easily realizes the complex operations intended by the user/operator as they are often seen in industrial apparatuses for business use, and gives principles and recommendations for the direction d

31、esign of existing, as well as new, systems. NOTE Ergonomics requirements or recommendations given in this International Standard can also be applied to designing the direction of movement of other industrial goods, such as medical equipment, TV or PC game devices and relevant machines/devices. 2 Nor

32、mative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. ISO 6385:2004, Ergonomic princi

33、ples in the design of work systems ISO 9241-110, Ergonomics of human-system interaction Part 110: Dialogue principles ISO 9355-2:1999, Ergonomic requirements for the design of displays and control actuators Part 2: Displays BS ISO 1503:2008ISO 1503:2008(E) 2 ISO 2008 All rights reservedISO 9355-4, E

34、rgonomic requirements for the design of displays and control actuators Part 4: Location and arrangement of displays and control actuators 1)ISO 13407:1999, Human-centred design processes for interactive systems 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the following terms and defini

35、tions apply. 3.1 axis one of three assumed infinite mutually perpendicular straight lines through the centre point of the target object NOTE The infinite straight lines run from behind to front, from left to right, and from top to bottom, corresponding to the longitudinal axis, X, transverse axis, Y

36、 and normal axis, Z, respectively (based on the Cartesian system of coordinates). 3.2 centre point assumed reference point for the spatial orientation and determination of movements of a target object NOTE The centre point is the primary standard provided by the intersecting point of three axes or t

37、hree reference planes. This point corresponds to the viewpoint of the observer (3.10) in the internal viewing system (3.20.2), and can be located anywhere on the target object according to the purpose of observation in the external viewing system (3.20.1). The centre point need not coincide with the

38、 gravitational centre of the target object. 3.3 mono-direction control single-direction control one or a set of controls that control the movements of a target object only on one axis at a time 3.4 multi-direction control control unit that alone can control a target object in two or more moving dire

39、ctions along X, Y and Z axes and in the planes composed of these axes or in the space composed of three planes 3.5 combined control system control system in which two or more multi-direction controls (3.4) are applied NOTE This system is seen typically in modern earth-moving machinery. 3.6 direction

40、 position of a point in space relative to another point, independent of the distance between the two points 1) To be published. BS ISO 1503:2008ISO 1503:2008(E) ISO 2008 All rights reserved 33.7 human-centred design user-centred design design approach that is characterized by the active involvement

41、of users, a clear understanding of user and task requirements, an appropriate allocation of function between users and technology, iterations of design solutions, and multi-disciplinary design NOTE 1 See ISO 13407:1999, 5.1, for its principles. NOTE 2 Usability engineering is often used as a substit

42、ute for human-centred design. But, applying usability engineering methods does not necessarily prescribe the active user involvement that is the essence of human-centred design. In addition, usability engineering often over-emphasizes the role of evaluation methods. Human-centred design, on the othe

43、r hand, refers to the process of analyzing context of use, eliciting user requirements, producing design solutions and evaluating the design against the requirements all in an iterative fashion. 3.8 clockwise, adv, adj right-hand rotation direction of a rotary movement of a target object to the righ

44、t when viewed in direction X 3.9 anticlockwise GB, adv, adj counter-clockwise US, adv, adj left-hand rotation direction opposite to clockwise (3.8) (right-hand) rotation 3.10 observer real or hypothetical person who views a target object from outside or inside of it when determining the direction or

45、 movement of a target object (3.14) 3.11 user individual interacting with the system ISO 13407 3.12 operator person given the task of installing, operating, adjusting, maintaining, cleaning, repairing or transporting machinery or a system NOTE Within the context of this International Standard, the t

46、asks performed concern the control of equipment or devices. 3.13 reference plane one of three perpendicular planes passing through the centre point of a target object (3.15) which, in each case, contains two axes of the target object NOTE The planes that contain longitudinal axis X and transverse ax

47、is Y, longitudinal axis X and normal axis Z, and transverse axis Y and normal axis Z are called the basic plane, Pxy, longitudinal plane, Pxz, and transverse plane, Pyz, respectively. 3.14 spatial orientation direction-related inherent property of a target object (3.15) NOTE Spatial orientation of a

48、 target object is characterized by pairs such as front-behind, right-left or up-down. BS ISO 1503:2008ISO 1503:2008(E) 4 ISO 2008 All rights reserved3.15 target object object (including images) whose spatial orientation (3.14) or movements are to be defined, established or controlled 3.16 usability

49、extent to which a product can be used by specified users to achieve specified goals with effectiveness, efficiency and satisfaction in a specified context of use ISO 9241-11 NOTE 1 See Annex A. NOTE 2 For the purposes of this International Standard, user (3.11) is interchangeable with operator (3.12) for those activities that involve movement of controls or target objects. 3.16.1 effectiveness accuracy and completeness with which users achieve specified goals ISO 9241-11 NOTE For the purposes of this International Sta