BS EN ISO 6385-2016 Ergonomics principles in the design of work systems《工作系统设计的人类工效学原则》.pdf

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1、BS EN ISO 6385:2016Ergonomics principles in thedesign of work systems (ISO6385:2016)BSI Standards PublicationWB11885_BSI_StandardCovs_2013_AW.indd 1 15/05/2013 15:06BS EN ISO 6385:2016 BRITISH STANDARDNational forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of EN ISO 6385:2016.It supersedes B

2、S EN ISO 6385:2004 which is withdrawn.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee PH/9, Applied ergonomics.A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessary

3、 provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. The British Standards Institution 2016.Published by BSI Standards Limited 2016ISBN 978 0 580 85944 1 ICS 13.180 Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations.This British Standard was pub

4、lished under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 31 October 2016.Amendments/corrigenda issued since publicationDate T e x t a f f e c t e dEUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN ISO 6385 October 2016 ICS 13.180 Supersedes EN ISO 6385:2004English Version Ergo

5、nomics principles in the design of work systems (ISO 6385:2016) Principes ergonomiques de la conception des systmes de travail (ISO 6385:2016) Grundstze der Ergonomie fr die Gestaltung von Arbeitssystemen (ISO 6385:2016) This European Standard was approved by CEN on 16 July 2016. CEN members are bou

6、nd to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the C

7、EN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre

8、has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania,

9、Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 B

10、russels 2016 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN ISO 6385:2016 EBS EN ISO 6385:2016EN ISO 6385:2016 (E) 3 European foreword This document (EN ISO 6385:2016) has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 159 “Ergonomic

11、s” in collaboration with Technical Committee CEN/TC 122 “Ergonomics” the secretariat of which is held by DIN. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by April 2017, and conflicting national s

12、tandards shall be withdrawn at the latest by April 2017. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN and/or CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. This document supersedes EN I

13、SO 6385:2004. According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedoni

14、a, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom. Endorsement notice The text of ISO 6385:2016 has been approved by CEN as

15、EN ISO 6385:2016 without any modification. BS EN ISO 6385:2016ISO 6385:2016(E)Foreword ivIntroduction v1 Scope . 12 Terms and definitions . 23 Designing work systems . 43.1 General principles 43.2 Work system design process . 53.3 Formulation of goals (requirements analysis) 63.4 Analysis and alloca

16、tion of functions . 63.5 Design concept 73.6 Detailed design (or development) . 73.6.1 General 73.6.2 Design of work organization 83.6.3 Design of work tasks . 83.6.4 Design of jobs 93.6.5 Design of work environment . 93.6.6 Design of work equipment and interfaces 103.6.7 Design of workspace and wor

17、kstation .103.7 Realization, implementation, adjustment, verification and validation .124 Evaluation and monitoring .124.1 General 124.2 Health and well-being 134.3 Safety 134.4 System performance . 134.5 Usability . 144.6 Cost-benefit . 144.7 Conformance 14Bibliography .15 ISO 2016 All rights reser

18、ved iiiContents PageBS EN ISO 6385:2016ISO 6385:2016(E)ForewordISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees.

19、Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the Internat

20、ional Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the differe

21、nt types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall n

22、ot be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents).Any trade name used in this document is in

23、formation given for the convenience of users and does not constitute an endorsement.For an explanation on the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISOs adherence to the WTO principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see

24、 the following URL: Foreword - Supplementary information.The committee responsible for this document is ISO/TC 159, Ergonomics, Subcommittee SC 1, General ergonomic principles.This third edition cancels and replaces the second edition (ISO 6385:2004), which has been technically revised with the foll

25、owing changes: terms were aligned with the terms given in ISO 26000; 3.2, 3.7 and Clause 4 have been technically revised; life cycle of a work system was introduced in 3.2; principle of adjustment was added to 3.7 and validation replaced by verification; new subclause on conformity was added to Clau

26、se 4; examples were added in several clauses.iv ISO 2016 All rights reservedBS EN ISO 6385:2016ISO 6385:2016(E)IntroductionTechnological, economic, organizational and human factors affect the work behaviour and well-being of people as part of a work system. Applying ergonomic knowledge in the light

27、of practical experience in the design of a work system is intended to satisfy human requirements.This International Standard provides a basic ergonomic framework for professionals and other people who deal with the issues of ergonomics, work systems and working situations. The provisions of this Int

28、ernational Standard will also apply to the design of products for use in work systems.Following the principles and requirements described in this International Standard will support management in making better decisions, for instance related to the sustainability of investments in work system innova

29、tion.In the design of work systems in accordance with this International Standard, the body of knowledge in the field of ergonomics is taken into account. Ergonomic evaluations of existing or new work systems will show the need for, and encourage attention to, the role of the worker within those sys

30、tems.ISO 26800 provides a general starting point for thought on ergonomics and determines the essential general principles and concepts. This International Standard presents these in the context of the design and evaluation of work systems.This International Standard is also valuable in the applicat

31、ion of management systems such as OHSAS 18001. Besides guidelines for processes, it also offers guidance for achieving good human performance. ISO 2016 All rights reserved vBS EN ISO 6385:2016BS EN ISO 6385:2016Ergonomics principles in the design of work systems1 ScopeThis International Standard est

32、ablishes the fundamental principles of ergonomics as basic guidelines for the design of work systems and defines relevant basic terms. It describes an integrated approach to the design of work systems, where ergonomists will cooperate with others involved in the design, with attention to the human,

33、the social and the technical requirements in a balanced manner during the design process.Users of this International Standard will include executives, managers, workers (and their representatives, when appropriate) and professionals, such as ergonomists, project managers and designers who are involv

34、ed in the design or redesign of work systems. Those who use this International Standard can find a general knowledge of ergonomics (human factors), engineering, design, quality and project management helpful.The term “work system” in this International Standard is used to indicate a large variety of

35、 working situations, including permanent and flexible work places. The intention of this International Standard is to assist in the improvement, (re)design or change of work systems. Work systems involve combinations of workers and equipment, within a given space and environment, and the interaction

36、s between these components within a work organization. Work systems vary in complexity and characteristics, for example, the use of temporary work systems. Some examples of work systems in different areas are the following: production, e.g. machine operator and machine, worker and assembly line; tra

37、nsportation, e.g. driver and car or lorry, personnel in an airport; support, e.g. maintenance technician with work equipment; commercial, e.g. office worker with workstation, mobile worker with a tablet computer, cook in a restaurant kitchen; other areas like health care, teaching and training.The o

38、bservance of ergonomic principles applies to all phases throughout the life cycle of the work system from conception through development, realization and implementation, utilization, maintenance and support to decommissioning.The systems approach in this International Standard gives guidance to the

39、users of this International Standard in existing and new situations.The definitions and ergonomic principles specified in this International Standard apply to the design of optimal working conditions with regard to human well-being, safety and health, including the development of existing skills and

40、 the acquisition of new ones, while taking into account technological and economic effectiveness and efficiency.The principles in this International Standard are applicable to many other human activities, e.g. in the design of products for domestic and leisure activities. A more general description

41、of the principles in this International Standard can be found in ISO 26800.NOTE 1 This International Standard is considered to be the core ergonomic standard for work systems from which many others on specific issues are derived.Note 2 Although elements of the system can be the same, this Internatio

42、nal Standard is not intended to be applied to systems used in a non-work context (e.g. the use of a vehicle for private purposes).INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 6385:2016(E) ISO 2016 All rights reserved 1BS EN ISO 6385:2016ISO 6385:2016(E)2 Terms and definitionsFor the purposes of this document, the fol

43、lowing terms and definitions apply.2.1well-beingsustainable internal state resulting from satisfaction of the physical and cognitive needs of the worker (2.4) during his/her activityNote 1 to entry: Well-being can contribute to the quality of working life.2.2work systemsystem comprising one or more

44、workers (2.4) and work equipment (2.6) acting together to perform the system function (2.21), in the workspace (2.9), in the work environment (2.8), under the conditions imposed by the work tasks (2.17)2.3ergonomicshuman factorsscientific discipline concerned with the understanding of interactions a

45、mong human and other elements of a system, and the profession that applies theory, principles, data and methods to design in order to optimize human well-being (2.1) and overall system performanceSOURCE: ISO 26800:2011, 2.22.4workerperson performing one or more activities to achieve a goal within a

46、work system (2.2)SOURCE: ISO 26800:2011, 2.11, modified synonym “operator” omitted2.5work organizationinteracting work systems (2.2) acting to produce a specific overall outcomeNote 1 to entry: The process of work organization includes coherent actions in relation to establishing the form and mode o

47、f organization to be adopted (e.g. individual or collective work, teams working separately or interdependently, etc.). It is also necessary to define and allocate resources and determine the means and channels of communication. All these actions lead to the definition and assignment of prescribed ta

48、sks to the operators involved.2.6work equipmenttools, including hardware and software, machines, vehicles, devices, furniture, installations and other components used in the work system (2.2)2.7work processsequence in time and space of the interaction of workers (2.4), work equipment (2.6), material

49、s, energy and information within a work system (2.2)2.8work environmentphysical, chemical, biological, organizational, social and cultural factors surrounding a worker (2.4)2.9workspacevolume allocated to one or more persons in the work system (2.2) to complete the work task (2.17)2 ISO 2016 All rights reservedBS EN ISO 6385:2016ISO 6385:2016(E)2.10external work loadwork stressexternal conditions and demands in a work system (2.2) which influence a persons physical and/or mental internal loadNote 1 to entry: In some countries, “external work