BS EN 61340-4-4-2012 Electrostatics Standard test methods for specific applications Electrostatic classification of flexible intermediate bulk containers (FIBC)《静电 特定应用的标准试验方法 挠性中型.pdf

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1、raising standards worldwideNO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAWBSI Standards PublicationElectrostaticsPart 4-4: Standard test methods for specific applications Electrostatic classification of flexible intermediate bulk containers (FIBC)BS EN 61340-4-4:2012Copyright

2、European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization Provided by IHS under license with CENELECNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-National forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of EN 61340-4-4:2012. It isidentical to IEC 61340-4-4:2

3、012. It supersedes BS EN 61340-4-4:2005 whichis withdrawn.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical CommitteeGEL/101, Electrostatics.A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained onrequest to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include

4、all the necessary provisions of acontract. Users are responsible for its correct application. The British Standards Institution 2012Published by BSI Standards Limited 2012ISBN 978 0 580 70631 8ICS 17.220.99; 29.020; 55.080Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity fromlegal obligation

5、s.This British Standard was published under the authority of the StandardsPolicy and Strategy Committee on 31 August 2012.Amendments issued since publicationAmd. No. Date Text affectedBRITISH STANDARDBS EN 61340-4-4:2012Copyright European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization Provided by IH

6、S under license with CENELECNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-EUROPEAN STANDARD EN 61340-4-4 NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM March 2012 CENELEC European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization Comit Europen de Normalisation Electrotechnique Eur

7、opisches Komitee fr Elektrotechnische Normung Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B - 1000 Brussels 2012 CENELEC - All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CENELEC members. Ref. No. EN 61340-4-4:2012 E ICS 17.220.99; 29.020; 55.080 Supersedes EN 61340-4-4:2005E

8、nglish version Electrostatics - Part 4-4: Standard test methods for specific applications - Electrostatic classification of flexible intermediate bulk containers (FIBC) (IEC 61340-4-4:2012) Electrostatique - Partie 4-4: Mthodes dessai normalises pour des applications spcifiques - Classification lect

9、rostatique des grands rcipients pour vrac souples (GRVS) (CEI 61340-4-4:2012) Elektrostatik - Teil 4-4: Normprfverfahren fr spezielle Anwendungen - Einordnung flexibler Schttgutbehlter (FIBC) in elektrostatischer Hinsicht (IEC 61340-4-4:2012) This European Standard was approved by CENELEC on 2012-02

10、-22. CENELEC members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obta

11、ined on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CENELEC member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CENELEC member into its own language and notified t

12、o the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versions. CENELEC members are the national electrotechnical committees of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, the Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Lat

13、via, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, the Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom. BS EN 61340-4-4:2012Copyright European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization Provided by IHS under license with CENELECNot fo

14、r ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-EN 61340-4-4:2012 - 2 - Foreword The text of document 101/346/FDIS, future edition 2 of IEC 61340-4-4, prepared by IEC TC 101, “Electrostatics“ was submitted to the IEC-CENELEC parallel vote and approved by CENELEC as EN 61

15、340-4-4:2012. The following dates are fixed: latest date by which the document has to be implemented at national level by publication of an identical national standard or by endorsement (dop) 2012-11-22 latest date by which the national standards conflicting with the document have to be withdrawn (d

16、ow) 2015-02-22 This document supersedes EN 61340-4-4:2005. EN 61340-4-4:2012 includes the following significant technical changes with respect to EN 61340-4-4:2005: a) Adoption of a type classification system for FIBC based on four types: A, B, C and D. b) Guidance for safe use of FIBC in relation t

17、o hazardous areas and hazardous zones defined in EN 60079-10-1 and EN 60079-10-2 is added. c) Resistance to groundable points and electrical breakdown voltage measurements on FIBC shall be measured at low humidity only. d) Requirements for labelling FIBC are changed to improve clarity and ease of re

18、cognition by end users. e) Classification, performance requirements and guidance for safe use of inner liners in combination with FIBC are added. f) An informative annex giving guidance on test methods for quality control and inspection testing is added. Attention is drawn to the possibility that so

19、me of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CENELEC and/or CEN shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Endorsement notice The text of the International Standard IEC 61340-4-4:2012 was approved by CENELEC as a European Standard without

20、 any modification. In the official version, for Bibliography, the following note has to be added for the standard indicated: IEC 61340-2-1 NOTE Harmonized as EN 61340-2-1. BS EN 61340-4-4:2012Copyright European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization Provided by IHS under license with CENELEC

21、Not for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,- 3 - EN 61340-4-4:2012 Annex ZA (normative) Normative references to international publications with their corresponding European publications The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in

22、 this document and are indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. NOTE When an international publication has been modified by common modifications,

23、indicated by (mod), the relevant EN/HD applies. Publication Year Title EN/HD Year IEC 60079-10-1 - Explosive atmospheres - Part 10-1: Classification of areas - Explosive gas atmospheres EN 60079-10-1 - IEC 60079-10-2 - Explosive atmospheres - Part 10-2: Classification of areas - Combustible dust atm

24、ospheres EN 60079-10-2 - IEC 60243-1 1998 Electrical strength of insulating materials - Test methods - Part 1: Tests at power frequencies EN 60243-1 1998 IEC 60243-2 - Electric strength of insulating materials - Test methods - Part 2: Additional requirements for tests using direct voltage EN 60243-2

25、 - IEC 60417 Data-base Graphical symbols for use on equipment - - IEC 61241-2-3 - Electrical apparatus for use in the presence of combustible dust - Part 2: Test methods - Section 3: Method for determining minimum ignition energy of dust/air mixtures - - IEC 61340-2-3 - Electrostatics - Part 2-3: Me

26、thods of test for determining the resistance and resistivity of solid planar materials used to avoid electrostatic charge accumulation EN 61340-2-3 - ISO 7000 2004 Graphical symbols for use on equipment - Index and synopsis - - ISO 21898 - Packaging - Flexible intermediate bulk containers (FIBCs) fo

27、r non-dangerous goods EN ISO 21898 - ASTM E582 - Standard test method for minimum ignition energy and quenching distance in gaseous mixtures - - BS EN 61340-4-4:2012Copyright European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization Provided by IHS under license with CENELECNot for ResaleNo reproducti

28、on or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,- 2 61340-4-4 IEC:2012 CONTENTS INTRODUCTION . 6 1 Scope . 7 2 Normative references . 8 3 Terms and definitions . 8 4 Classification 10 4.1 Principles of classification for FIBC . 10 4.1.1 Type A . 10 4.1.2 Type B . 10 4.1.3 Type C 10 4.1.4 Type

29、 D 10 4.2 Principles of classification and requirements for inner liners 11 4.2.1 Surface resistivity measurements for inner liners . 11 4.2.2 Special cases 11 4.2.3 Type L1 . 11 4.2.4 Type L2 . 11 4.2.5 Type L3 . 12 4.3 Combination of FIBC and inner liners 12 5 Safe use of FIBC 13 6 Labelling 14 7

30、Requirements for FIBC . 17 7.1 General remarks 17 7.2 Requirements for dust environments with ignition energies greater than 3 mJ (apply to Type B FIBC, Type C FIBC and Type D FIBC) 17 7.3 Requirements for vapour and gas atmospheres and for dust environments with ignition energies of 3 mJ or less .

31、17 7.3.1 Type C FIBC 17 7.3.2 Type D FIBC 18 8 Atmosphere for conditioning, calibrating and testing . 18 8.1 Conditioning time 18 8.2 Electrical breakdown voltage and resistance to groundable point testing . 18 8.3 Ignition testing . 18 9 Test procedures . 18 9.1 Electrical breakdown voltage . 18 9.

32、2 Ignition testing . 19 9.2.1 Apparatus 19 9.2.2 Establishing correct charging current . 26 9.2.3 Ignition tests 26 9.3 Resistance to groundable point . 28 9.3.1 Apparatus 28 9.3.2 Test procedure 29 10 Report 30 10.1 For all types of testing . 30 10.2 For electrical breakdown voltage testing 31 10.3

33、 For ignition testing . 31 BS EN 61340-4-4:2012Copyright European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization Provided by IHS under license with CENELECNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-61340-4-4 IEC:2012 3 10.4 For resistance to groundable point t

34、esting . 31 10.5 For surface resistivity testing of inner liners . 31 10.6 For test reports issued by accredited testing authorities 31 Annex A (normative) Electrical breakdown voltage Typical voltage/time graphs 33 Annex B (normative) Polypropylene pellets for ignition testing . 34 Annex C (informa

35、tive) Guidance on test methods for manufacturing quality control 35 Annex D (normative) Classification of hazardous areas and zones. 37 Annex E (informative) Risks associated with cone discharges 38 Annex F (informative) Explanation for resistance and resistivity limits 39 Bibliography 40 Figure 1 E

36、xample of a label for Type B FIBC . 15 Figure 2 Example of a label for Type C FIBC . 15 Figure 3 Example of a label for Type D FIBC . 16 Figure 4 Example of a label for Type C FIBC designated earth bonding points . 16 Figure 5 Ignition probe . 20 Figure 6 Perforated metal plate for use in ignition p

37、robe 21 Figure 7 Gas control and mixing apparatus (schematic) . 22 Figure 8 FIBC filling rig (schematic) . 24 Figure 9 Corona charging unit (schematic) . 25 Figure A.1 Example of voltage/time graph for material showing distinct breakdown 33 Figure A.2 Example of voltage/time graph for material showi

38、ng reduction in rate of voltage rise because of conduction within the test material . 33 Table 1 Permissible configurations and requirements for Type L1 inner liners 11 Table 2 Permissible configurations and requirements for Type L2 inner liners 12 Table 3 Permissible configurations and requirements

39、 for Type L3 inner liners 12 Table 4 Use of different types of FIBC . 13 Table 5 Inner liners and FIBC: combinations that are permissible and not permissible in hazardous explosive atmospheres 13 Table 6 Volume concentrations of flammable gas mixture 21 Table 7 Example of full sample description to

40、be included in test report . 32 Table B.1 Particle size distribution of polypropylene pellets . 34 Table D.1 Classification of hazardous areas in IEC 60079-10-1 and IEC 60079-10-2 . 37 Table D.2 Classification of zones in IEC 60079-10-1 and IEC 60079-10-2 37 BS EN 61340-4-4:2012Copyright European Co

41、mmittee for Electrotechnical Standardization Provided by IHS under license with CENELECNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,- 6 61340-4-4 IEC:2012 INTRODUCTION Flexible intermediate bulk containers (FIBC) are widely used for the storage, transportation an

42、d handling of powdered, flaked or granular material. Typically, they are constructed from woven polypropylene fabric in the form of cubic bags of about 1 m3volume, although they can vary in shape and in size from 0,25 m3to 3 m3. The fabric used may be a single layer, a multi-layer laminate, or a coa

43、ted fabric. Untreated polypropylene is an electrical insulator, as is often the case with the products placed in FIBC. There is ample opportunity for the generation of electrostatic charge during filling and emptying operations and in unprotected FIBC high levels of charge can quickly build up. In s

44、uch cases, electrostatic discharges are inevitable and can be a severe problem when FIBC are used in hazardous explosive atmospheres. A hazardous explosive atmosphere can be generated when handling fine powders that create dust clouds or thin layers of powder, both of which can be ignited by electro

45、static discharges. A hazardous explosive atmosphere can also be generated when using gases or volatile solvents. In these industrial situations there is clearly a need to eliminate incendive electrostatic discharges. As with any industrial equipment, a thorough risk assessment should always be condu

46、cted before using FIBC in potentially hazardous situations. This part of IEC 61340 describes a system of classification, test methods, performance and design requirements and safe use procedures that can be used by manufacturers, specifiers and end-users as part of a risk assessment of any FIBC inte

47、nded for use within a hazardous explosive atmosphere. However, it does not include procedures for evaluating the specific risks of electrostatic discharges arising from products within FIBC, e.g. cone discharges, from personnel or from equipment used near FIBC. Information on risks associated with c

48、one discharges is given in Annex E. CAUTION: The test methods specified in this standard involve the use of high voltage power supplies and flammable gases that may present hazards if handled incorrectly, particularly by unqualified or inexperienced personnel. Users of this standard are encouraged to carry out proper risk assessments and pay due regard to local regulations before undertaking any of the test procedures. BS EN 61340-4-4:2012Copyright European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization Provided by IHS under license with CENELECNot for ResaleNo reproduction or netw