BS 5502-30-1992 Buildings and structures for agriculture - Code of practice for control of infestation《农用建筑物和构筑物 第30部分 虫害控制惯例》.pdf

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1、BRITISH STANDARD BS 5502-30: 1992 Buildings and structures for agriculture Part 30: Code of practice for control of infestationBS5502-30:1992 This British Standard, having been prepared under the direction of the Technical Sector Board for Building and Civil Engineering (B/-), was published under th

2、e authority of the Standards Board and comes into effect on 28 February 1992 BSI 06-1999 First published as BS 5502-1.7, January 1978 Second edition as BS5502-30 February 1992 The following BSI references relate to the work on this standard: Committee reference B/549 Draft for comment 90/ 16410 DC I

3、SBN 0 580 20451 0 Committees responsible for this British Standard The preparation of this British Standard was entrusted by the Technical Sector Board for Building and Civil Engineering (B/-) to Technical Committee B/549, upon which the following bodies were represented: British Cement Association

4、British Commercial Glasshouse Manufacturers Association British Precast Concrete Federation Ltd. British Veterinary Association Department of Agriculture Northern Ireland Farm and Rural Buildings Centre Farm Buildings Association Health and Safety Executive Institution of Civil Engineers Ministry of

5、 Agriculture, Fisheries and Food National Farmers Union Royal Institute of British Architects Royal Institution of Chartered Surveyors Scottish Office (Agriculture and Fisheries Department) Silsoe Research Institute Steel Construction Institute Transport and General Workers Union Water Services Asso

6、ciation of England and Wales Amendments issued since publication Amd. No. Date CommentsBS 5502-30:1992 BSI 06-1999 i Contents Page Committees responsible Inside front cover Foreword ii 1 Scope 1 2 Definitions 1 3 General 1 4 Legislation 2 5 Preventative measures 2 6 Design considerations 2 7 Specifi

7、c building types 3 Index 5 Publication(s) referred to Inside back coverBS5502-30:1992 ii BSI 06-1999 Foreword This Part of BS 5502 has been prepared under the direction of the Technical Sector Board for Building and Civil Engineering. It is a revision of BS5502-1.7:1978, which is withdrawn. While BS

8、5502 is being revised and added to, the opportunity is being taken to restructure the standard into the following broad subject areas: Part 0: Introduction and consolidated index; Parts 10 to 19: Reference information and legislation; Parts 20 to 39: General design; Parts 40 to 59: Livestock buildin

9、gs; Parts 60 to 79: Crop buildings; Parts 80 to 99: Ancillary buildings. More specifically, the general design series will comprise: Part 20: Code of practice for general design considerations; Part 21: Code of practice for selection and use of construction materials; Part 22: Code of practice for d

10、esign, construction and loading; Part 23: Code of practice for fire precautions; Part 25: Code of practice for services and facilities; Part 30: Code of practice for control of infestation; Part 31: Guide to waste management; Part 32: Guide to noise attenuation; Part 33: Guide to control of odour po

11、llution. A more detailed description of the new structure is given in Part 0. The object of introducing the new structure is to allow subject areas to be broadly characterized, and related subject matter, whether in the form of recommendations, guidance or supporting data to be rationalized and brou

12、ght together. It will also allow sufficient flexibility to enable BS5502 to be expanded and developed in a logical way in the future. Parts20 to39 will follow broadly the existing structure of BS5502-1.0 toBS5502-1.7. It has been assumed in the drafting of this British Standard that the execution of

13、 its provisions is entrusted to appropriately qualified and experienced people, for whose guidance it has been prepared. A British Standard does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users of British Standards are responsible for their correct application. Compliance wit

14、h a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, pagesi andii, pages1 to6, an inside back cover and a back cover. This standard has been updated (see copyright date) and may have had amendme

15、nts incorporated. This will be indicated in the amendment table on the inside front cover.BS 5502-30:1992 BSI 06-1999 1 1 Scope This Part of BS 5502 gives recommendations on the precautions that need to be taken to protect agricultural buildings and structures from infestation and damage by pests, s

16、uch as rodents, birds and insects. 2 Definitions For the purposes of this British Standard, the definitions given in BS6100 apply. 3 General 3.1 General Pest entry into buildings should be prevented and internal structures (including machinery) should be designed to deny pest harbourage, to reduce t

17、he risk of infestation and improve the ease of treating any infestation that does develop. However, it should be accepted that many pest species will still be able to gain access and efforts should concentrate on reducing the availability of favourable conditions for breeding in the internal structu

18、re. There are generally three main requirements for successful breeding, namely food, warmth, and shelter. Improved design and construction should help to reduce the risk of infestation developing. 3.2 Type of damage Consideration should be given to pest species that may cause direct damage to agric

19、ultural buildings and structures by eating or gnawing certain materials, fouling or vomiting. They can be responsible for the introduction or transfer of disease organism to humans and animals. They may also distress occupants by their presence, produce foul odours and damage the structural integrit

20、y of the building. 3.3 Damage caused by particular pests 3.3.1 Birds A number of bird species are associated with buildings, as a habitat, a place of shelter and a source of food. When present, the following problems may be caused. a) Birds can be a general nuisance and cause possible distress to st

21、aff. b) Species, including starlings, pigeons and gulls, may carry a range of pathogenic organisms including Salmonella, typhus, Escherichia and coliform bacteria, as well as various viruses and parasites. Transmissible gastro-enteritis (TGE) of pigs can be transferred from farm to farm on the feet

22、of birds. c) The presence of contaminated bird droppings presents a major health hazard in grain stores, food stores and animal units. Fouled packaging and products in infested units may lead to marketing problems. d) Birds may cause direct damage by pecking at packaging or eating consumable raw mat

23、erials or finished products. 3.3.2 Rodents Two main rodent species are frequently associated with agricultural buildings: the common rat (Rattus norvegicus) and the house mouse (Mus domesticus). Both rodent species can cause damage to storage structures and their contents in the following ways. a) A

24、s compulsive “gnawers” they can damage a number of building materials and fittings, including wood, insulation material, plastic pipes and wire cable. This may result in flooding, fires, equipment failure and damage to insulation, rendering buildings unfit for their purpose. b) Rats and mice will al

25、so eat and foul a number of stored products, presenting a health hazard. c) Rats can carry a number of bacteria, including leptospira that causes an illness known as Weils Disease, which can affect humans. The disease swine dysentery in pigs can be carried by rats and mice. 3.3.3 Insects Insect spec

26、ies may cause the following problems in agricultural buildings. a) In grain stores, loss of quality in stored cereals can result from attack by beetles, mites, moths and other invertebrates. b) In building structures, wooden components and insulation can be attacked by timber pests which, over a lon

27、g period of time, can cause structural damage. c) Insects can carry a number of pathogens, including Salmonella and the Gumboro virus. d) Flies have been shown to carry worm eggs from farm to farm, transferring parasitic infections to livestock. 3.3.4 Others Consideration should be given to the dama

28、ge that may be caused by other animal species to agricultural building structures or their contents. These include foxes and mink which may attack poultry and pig units, badgers which may spread tuberculosis, and predatory birds and mammals, which can penetrate the defences of fish farms. Squirrels

29、gaining access to roof spaces can damage wiring and plumbing.BS5502-30:1992 2 BSI 06-1999 4 Legislation Legislation requires certain premises to be maintained pest free. Attention is drawn to the need to control vermin under the Poultry Laying Flocks (Testing and Registration) Order of1989 to contro

30、l vermin. Under the Poultry Laying Flocks (Collection and Handling of Eggs and Control of Vermin) Order1989 it is an offence to allow wild birds and vermin to be present where eggs from a production unit are stored. Similarly, the Food Act (1974) amended by the Food Safety Act (1990) requires certai

31、n premises to be maintained pest free. The Wildlife and Countryside Act1981 gives certain species of pests protected status. The control method employed to eradicate certain pests may require a special licence. 5 Preventative measures 5.1 Damage may be prevented, or reduced to an acceptable level, b

32、y one or a number of physical or chemical measures. Physical control measures might include improving hygiene to remove food sources; trapping pests to cull the pest population; or physically preventing their access to high-risk areas of a building. Features to prevent access by pests or to facilita

33、te access for cleaning should be incorporated at design and construction stages. 5.2 Once pests are established inside an agricultural building, their control and elimination can be a complex exercise. It should be remembered that a number of “pest” species enjoy at least some form of protection by

34、law, and that the use of chemical control measures should only be encouraged when physical measures are likely to be ineffective. 6 Design considerations 6.1 Siting 6.1.1 Careful consideration should be given to siting (see BS5502-20). In particular the following factors may affect the level of infe

35、station: a) soil type; b) the water table; and c) proximity to hedges and earth banks. 6.1.2 Consideration should be given to fly infestation that may result where agricultural units are erected on wet areas, especially where the construction does not include an impervious floor covering. 6.2 Site p

36、reparation Populations of any pest species present on the construction site should be assessed and control programmes should be initiated as appropriate. Potential harbourages and any noxious waste found in disused cesspits or other patches of soft earth should be removed and the cavities filled wit

37、h sound, hard and well-compacted material. Disused drains, sewers and water pipes should be disconnected and sealed with solid fillings, as provided for in the Public Health Act1961. 6.3 Site management precautions Particular care should be taken to reduce the risk of infestation during the construc

38、tion period. Precautions should be taken to prevent rodents taking refuge in, around, and beneath temporary structures, particularly where food is available in mess huts and kitchens. Any infestation which occurs during construction should be dealt with. 6.4 Materials and construction 6.4.1 General

39、Care should be taken in the choice of materials to avoid damage from pests and to prevent the use of materials for nesting or refuge, especially with insulation materials (seeBS5502-21). While not being able to completely prevent access, the use of protective cladding and physical barriers should si

40、gnificantly reduce the risk of infestation. 6.4.2 Rodents and birds 6.4.2.1 All pipes and ducts, particularly those passing through foundations and walls below or near ground level, should have openings sealed against rat and mouse entry. Over-site concrete and concrete floors at or below ground lev

41、el should join the enclosing wall. Any pipes or ducts passing through the concrete should be sealed into the surface. Open ends of sewers, drains, ducts and downpipes should be temporarily sealed during the construction period until they are brought into use. Manhole covers should be kept in positio

42、n, except when work is being carried out below. Where practicable, back inlet gullies and waste receivers should be used. 6.4.2.2 Dimensions in grids and air bricks in outside walls which exceed6mm should be protected by an external wire mesh, with openings less than6mm. The need to prevent the entr

43、y of pests may conflict with the need to ventilate or gain access to buildings. Where the entry of pests is a particular problem the following measures may be required.BS 5502-30:1992 BSI 06-1999 3 Fly screens should be used over all openings to prevent the entry of winged invertebrates. To prevent

44、birds entering crop stores or animal units, all ventilation openings should be protected with wire mesh screens, with openings less than12mm. Where large entrances are open for vehicular access, proofing strips of heavy-duty clear polyvinyl chloride (PVC) may be suspended across the entrance to rest

45、rict the entry of birds. 6.4.2.3 To reduce the risk of rodent entry into agricultural buildings, the following proofing measures should be considered: a) the fitting of 300 mm high, 20-gauge steel kicking plates at the bottom of entrance doors; b) applying gloss paint in smooth horizontal bands150mm

46、 in height and900mm from the ground; c) fitting guards, either pointing upwards, cone-shaped or flat, projecting a minimum of225mm all round drainpipes and structures where access is to be denied; d) ensuring that foundations are sufficiently deep, greater than600mm, to prevent rodents entering by b

47、urrowing from outside the building. 6.4.2.4 To reduce the risk of damage to internal fittings if proofing is breached by rodents, pipes and cable should be routed so that they are inaccessible to rats and mice. When this is not possible they should be protected with rodent-proof casings or conduits.

48、 Cavity walls, including hollow blocks, should have the cavity sealed against rodent entry by mortar laid on strips of expanded metal or by a course of slates or tiles bedded in mortar. 6.4.2.5 Buildings with double-skin insulated cladding or linings including sandwich aluminium cladding are vulnera

49、ble to rodent entry. All exposed surfaces, particularly of expanded polystyrene, should be proofed against rodent entry by using metal covers and plates which can prevent access. 6.4.3 Insects 6.4.3.1 To reduce the level of insect infestation all internal surfaces of storage spaces should be made as smooth as possible, preferably with corners rounded, so that the area can be thoroughly cleaned between crops. It is important to avoid carry-over of infestation from one crop to the next. Ledges or recesses should be designed to facilitate cleaning. Hol