BS 4727-5 Group 01-1985 Glossary of electrotechnical power telecommunication electronics lighting and colour terms - Terms particular to electromedical equipment - Radiology and ra.pdf

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1、BSI BS*4727:PT5: GR*01 85 m lb24669 0118032 2 m BS 4727 : Part 5 : Group O1 : 1985 UDC 001.4: 621.3+628.9+5351 o it Begriffe Gruppe 01. Terminologie der Radiologie und Strahlenphysik British Standards Institution BSI BS*472?:PT5: GR*OL 85 S Lb24669 OLL8033 4 m BS 4727 : Part 5 : Group O1 : 1985 Guid

2、e to the glossary Part 1 Terms common to power, telecommunications and electronics Group O1 Fundamental terminology Group 02 Electrical and magnetic devices technology Group 03 Relay terminology Group 04 Measurement terminology Group 05 Semiconductor terminology Group 06 Electronic tube terminology

3、Group 07 Magnetism terminology Group 08 Piezo-electric device terminology Group O9 Radio interference terminology Group Titles to any further groups will be added in due course. Integrated electronic circuit terminology * Part 2 Terms particular to power engineering Group O1 General power terminolog

4、y Group 02 Power electronics terminology Group 03 Rotating machinery terminology Group 04 Transformer terminology Group 05 Voltage fluctuation terminology Group 06 Switchgear and controlgear terminology (including fuse terminology) Group 07 Tariffs terminology Group 08 Power cable terminology Group

5、O9 Transducer terminology Group 10 Industrial electroheating terminology Group Power systems terminology Group Systems operation terminology* Group Traction terminology* Titles to any further groups will be added in due course. Part 3 Terms particular to telecommunications and electronics Group O1 G

6、eneral telecommunication and electronics terminology Group 02 Telephony terminology Group 03 Telegraphy, including facsimile, terminology Group 04 Broadcasting, radio and television terminology Group 05 Propagation and media terminology Group 06 Radio location and navigation terminology Group 07 Rad

7、iocommunication terminology Group 08 Electro-acoustics terminology* Group O9 Waveguide terminology Group 10 Recording and reproduction of sound and video terminology Group 11 Space radiocommunications terminology Titles to an y further groups will be added in due course. Part 4 Terms particular to l

8、ighting and colour Group O1 Radiation and photometry terminology Group 02 Vision and colour terminology Group 03 Lighting technology terminology Titles to any further groups will be added in due course. Part 5 Terms particular to electromedical equipment Group O1 Radiology and radiological physics t

9、erminology Titles to any further groups will be added in due course. Not yet published, as at October 1985. BSI BS*4727:PT5: I Lb24bb9 OlLBO34 b BS 4727 : Part 5 : Group 01 : 1985 Contents Committees responsible Guide to the glossary Foreword Glossary 501 1 501 2 501 21 501 22 501 23 501 3 501 31 50

10、1 32 501 33 501 4 501 41 501 42 501 5 501 51 501 52 501 6 501 61 501 62 501 7 501 71 501 72 501 73 501 8 Page Back cover Inside front cover 2 General terms: domains, subdivisions and personnel Ionizing radiations Ionizing radiations: types and proparties Ionizing radiations: sources and interactions

11、 Ionizing radiations: quantities and units Radiological apparat us Radiological apparatus: X-ray sources and assemblies Radiological apparatus: radiation sources and particle accelerators Radiological apparatus: specifications and testing Auxiliary equipment Auxiliary equipment: general Auxiliary eq

12、uipment: radiological diagnosis and therapy Radiological techniques Radiological techniques: diagnosis .Radiological techniques: therapy Dosimetry Dosimetry: general terms, special quantities and units Dosimetry: radiation detectors and measuring devices Radiation protection Radiation protection: sp

13、ecial quantities and units Radiation protection: exposure of people Radiation protection: methods and monitoring Some biological effects of ionizing radiation 3 4 4 10 13 20 20 24 26 28 28 30 32 32 34 35 35 41 45 45 48 49. 51 Appendix A. Values of fundamental physical constants 54 Alphabetical index

14、 55 1 BST BS*4727:PT5: GR*OL 85 I Lb24669 OLLB035 B I BS 4727 : Part 5 : Group O1 : 1985 Foreword This Group of Part 5 of BS 4727, prepared under the direction of the Health Care Standards Committee, contains terms and definitions relating to radiology and radiological physics. It supersedes BS 2597

15、 : 1955 which is withdrawn. The terms and definitions given in this British Standard Glossary are technically identical with the corresponding terms appearing in IEC Publication 50(881) : 1984 which is an advance edition of Chapter 881 of the International Electrotechnical Vocabulary. The glossary i

16、s divided into five main Parts, each of which is further subdivided into Groups. Each Group will comprise the terms and definitions used in a particular branch of electrical engineering and will be issued individually as soon as it is completed. This arrangement makes it possible to add new Groups o

17、r revise existing Groups at any time without affecting the remainder of the glossary. The five main Parts of the glossary are as follows; Part 1 Terms common to power, telecommunications and electronics Part 2 Terms particular to power engineering Part 3 Terms particular to telecommunications and Pa

18、rt 4 Terms particular to lighting and colour Part 5 Terms particular to electromedical equipment Fundamental and general terms common to power, telecom- munications and electronics respectively form the first two Groups of Part 1. General terms particular to Part 2 and Part 3 similarly form the firs

19、t Groups of their respective Parts. The specialist Groups contain only the terms and definitions relating to their subject. As far as has been practicable all terms and definitions established in current usage and falling within the scope of this glossary have been included. Experience has shown tha

20、t it is rarely possible to replace, or even to modify, a well established term no matter what the logical or aesthetic shortcomings of that term may be. Current usage has therefore been accepted as the authority for terms and their meanings except where there has been a very good reason for doing ot

21、herwise, e.g. where terms have been considered to be fundamentally wrong, ambiguous, superfluous or in need of standardization. Where two or more synonymous terms are in use, those which are deprecated are omitted from the body of the text but are entered in the alphabetical index with a cross-refer

22、ence to the standard term. In cases where it was felt that the time was not yet right to deprecate a synonym, preferred terms are given first and other terms are printed in less prominent type to indicate the intention to deprecate them in the course of time. Where synonyms are considered of equal v

23、alue they are shown in the same type. electronics Where terms are used with somewhat different meanings in different branches of electrical engineering, appropriate definitions are given in the Groups of the glossary corres- ponding to these branches. Such a definition, when taken out of the context

24、 of its Group, should always be quoted with a preamble indicating its proper context. It is to be noted that the given definition of a term represents the generally accepted meaning of that term. Under no circumstances should it be regarded as taking the place of a specification. An effort has been

25、made to arrange the terms in a logical order proceeding from the general to the specific and from the whole to the part and placing allied terms in proximity. Each term has assigned to it a Part number (one digit) and a Group number of two digits followed by a space and four digits, the first digit

26、of which represents the section, the second digit the subsection and the last two digits the place within the subsection. The International Electrotechnical Vocabulary employs a different numbering system and for convenience the IEV number is given in parentheses after the BS number for each term. A

27、 general view of the arrangement of the Group in the glossary can be obtained from the guide to the glossary. An alphabetical index of the terms of the Group is provided at the end to facilitate reference to particular terms. For simplicity, only the last four digits of a terms number are quoted in

28、the index. It is recommended that the user of any Group of the glossary should consider the Group in association with the Groups covering general or fundamental terms within the Part, for Parts 2 and 3, and also together with Groups O1 and 02 of Part I. In this glossary parentheses ( ) enclose words

29、 or phrases that are not part of the term or definition and can be omitted without affecting the meaning. Square brackets enclose words which may replace a preceding part of an expression. Attention is drawn to BS 6641 which includes some of the termsappearing in this Groupof Part 5 of BS 4727. BS 6

30、641 has a specialized purpose, namely to provide definitions of radiological terms which are used in British Standards which form Sections of BS 5724. Whereas BS 4727 reflects current usage of the terms listed, BS 6641 contains some terms which are at present relatively unfamiliar. Differences betwe

31、en definitions in the two British Standards are mainly editorial but some are technical. In case of difference, the definitions given in BS 6641 are to be preferred for use in connection with BS 5724. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. 2 BSI

32、 BS*Y27:PT5: GR*OL 85 W Lb2idbb OlL803b T W BS 4727 : Part 5 : Group O1 : 1985 Glossary 501 1 (881 -01) General terms: domains, subdivisions and personnel No. Term Definition 501 1001 (881-01-01) radiology The fields of application of ionizing radiation, e.g. medical radiology and industrial radiolo

33、gy. 501 1003 (881-01-03) nuclear medicine The field of medicine in which radionuclides are used for diagnosis or therapy. 501 1004 (881-0144) radiation physics That part of physics which deals with the properties and physical effects of radiation, NOTE. This term usually refers to ionizing radiation

34、 but other radiation may be included. 501 1005 (881-01-05) radiological physics That branch of physics which deals with the medical and industrial application of ionizing radiation. 501 1006 (881-01-06) radiation biology The branch of biology which deals with the effects of radiation on living organ

35、isms. 501 1007 (881 -01 -07) biophysics The science of physical phenomena and processes in living organisms. The applications of ionizing radiation in medicine. 501 1008 (881-01-08) medical radiology 501 1009 (881-01-09) diagnostic radiology Medical radiology applied to diagnosis. 501 I010 (881-01-1

36、0) radiotherapy Medical radiology applied to therapy. 501 101 1 (881-01-11) health physics That part of physics relating to all scientific and professional aspects concerning the protection of man against the detrimental effects on health of environmental conditions. 501 1012 (881-01-12) radiation h

37、ygiene 501 1013 (881-01-13) radiation protection e The special practices intended to maintain health in the presence of radiation hazards. That branch of science and technology which deals with the protection of persons and their environment against deleterious effects arising from ionizing and non-

38、ionizing radiation. . 501 1014 (881-01-14) radiological protection 501 1015 (881-01-15) radiologist Radiation protection in radiology. In medical radiology, a medical specialist employing ionizing radiation for the diagnosis or treatment of disease. 501 1016 (881-01-16) radiotherapist 501 1017 (8814

39、11-17) radiation physicist A radiologist employing ionizing radiation for radiotherapy. A physicist dealing with the theoretical, experimental, or applied aspects of radiation, usually ionizing radiation. 501 1018 (881-01-18) X-radiation technician 501 1019 (881-01-19) radiographer d, A technical as

40、sistant in the practical application of X-radiation, diagnostic or therapeutic; or industrial or scientific. A person specializing in the practical application of radiation in diagnostic radiology, radiotherapy or industrial radiography. 3 BSI BS*4727:PT5: GR*OL 85 m Lb24bb9 0118037 1 BS 4727 : Part

41、 5 : Group O1 : 1985 No. Term Definition 501 1021 (881-01-21) isotope technician A technical assistant in the practical application of radionuclides. 601 1022 (88191.22) radiation protection A person carrying out work for radiation protection. technician 501 1023 (881-01-23) radiation safety officer

42、 A person charged with the organization of radiation protection. 501 2 (881 -02,881 -03,881 -04) Ionizing radiations 501 21 (881-02) 501 2101 (881-02-01) 501 2102 (881-02-02) 501 2103 (881-02-03) 501 2104 (881-02-04) Ionizing radiations: types and properties radiation Emission or propagation of ener

43、gy in the form of waves or particles. particle corpuscle photon Minute portion of matter or energy. A particle with a rest mass. The elementary quantity of energy of electromagentic radiation. For electromagnetic energy of frequency v, the quantum energy is hv, where h is Plancks constant. NOTE. A p

44、hoton is an elementary particle without a rest mass. Radiation consisting of directly or indirectly ionizing particles (including photons) or a mixture of both. NOTE. By convention, visible and ultra-violet radiation are excluded. 501 2105 (881-02-05) ionizing radiation 501 2106 (881-02-06) directly

45、 ionizing radiation; directly ionizing particles Radiation comprising charged particles (electrons, protons, alpha-particles, etc.) having sufficient kinetic energy to product ionization by collision. indirectly ionizing indirectly ionizing radiation; particles Radiation comprising uncharged particl

46、es (neutrons, photons) which can liberate directly ionizing particles or can initiate nuclear transformations. 501 2107 (881-02-07) 501 2108 (881-02-08) 501 2109 (881.02-09) 501 21 10 (881-02-10) 501 2111 (881-02-11) 501 2112 (881-02-12) heterogeneous radiation Ionizing radiation consisting of photo

47、ns of various energies, or corpuscles of one kind having different kinetic energies. mixed radiation Ionizing radiation consisting of different kinds of particles (for example, corpuscles and photons). monoenergetic radiation Ionizing radiation consisting of photons with nearly the same energy, or c

48、orpuscles of one kind having nearly the same kinetic energy. natural radiation Ionizing radiation at a point attributable to natural sources, including those in the terrestrial environment, such as those in living organisms and extra-terrestrial sources. man-made radiation Ionizing radiation emitted

49、 by artificial or concentrated natural, radioactive material or resulting from the operation of high voltage apparatus, such as X-ray apparatus or particle accelera- tors, or nuclear reactors, or from nuclear explosions. 4 BSI BS*4lJ27:PT5: GR*OL 85 m 16246661 OLL8038 3 m BS 4727 : Part 5 : Group O1 : 1985 No. Term Definition 501 21 13 (881-02-13) background radiation; ambient radiation Ionizing radiation from any origin, natural or artificial, other than the radiation it is desired to detect or measure. 501 21 14 (881-02-14) annihilation radiation Radiation that is produced when