BS 4422-2005 Fire - Vocabulary《火灾 词汇》.pdf

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1、BRITISH STANDARD BS 4422:2005 Fire Vocabulary ICS 01.140.13; 13.220.01 BS 4422:2005 This British Standard was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 21 April 2005 BSI 21 April 2005 Originally published in parts: BS 4422-1, first published March 1969, first re

2、vision November 1987 BS 4422-2, first published July 1971, second edition June 1990 BS 4422-3, first published June 1990 BS 4422-4, first published June 1975, second edition December 1994 BS 4422-5, first published November 1976, first revision May 1989 BS 4422-6, first published (as BS 4422-3) July

3、 1972, first revision December 1988 BS 4422-7, first published December 1988 BS 4422-9, first published July 1990 First published in one part as BS 4422, April 2005 The following BSI references relate to the work on this British Standard: Committee reference FSH/9 Draft for comment 04/30108795 DC IS

4、BN 0 580 45599 8 Committees responsible for this British Standard This British Standard was prepared by Technical Committee FSH/9, Fire terminology, upon which the following bodies were represented: BASA British Automatic Sprinkler Association BRE/LPC Laboratories British Fire Protection Systems Ass

5、ociation Chief and Assistant Chief Fire Officers Consumer Policy Committee of BSI Guild of Architectural Ironmongers Home Office IFS Institute of Fire Safety London District Surveyors Association London Fire and Emergency Planning Authority MoD UK Defence Standardization Royal Society of Health Amen

6、dments issued since publication Amd. No. Date CommentsBS 4422:2005 BSI 21 April 2005 i Contents Page Committees responsible Inside front cover Foreword ii Introduction 1 1S c o p e 1 2 Normative references 1 3T e r m s a n d d e f i n i t i o n s 2 Bibliography 79BS 4422:2005 ii BSI 21 April 2005 Fo

7、reword This British Standard has been prepared by Technical Committee FSH/9. It supersedes BS 4422-1:1987, BS 4422-2:1990, BS 4422-3:1990, BS 4422-4:1994, BS 4422-5:1989, BS 4422-6:1988, BS 4422-7:1988 and BS 4422-9:1990, all of which are withdrawn. Terms specific to, and in general use by, fire pro

8、tection agencies have been listed in alphabetical order, ignoring spaces, hyphens or other punctuation marks. Where defined terms are used in definitions of other terms, the defined words are highlighted in bold type. In some cases terms related to a common field are listed together (for example, te

9、rms related to sprinklers). Where this does not occur naturally from the alphabetical ordering, two conventions have been used. a) If the name of the common field occurs in the middle of the term, then the order has been changed to make the common field the leading word(s), with other words followin

10、g a comma. For example, flush pattern sprinkler is listed under sprinkler, flush pattern. b) If the name of the common field does not occur in the defined term, then it has been added in brackets at the start of the term. For example, trunk main is listed under trunk main. Terms listed under either

11、of these conventions are also listed in their natural alphabetical places, with cross-references. This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer i

12、mmunity from legal obligations. Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, pages i and ii, pages 1 to 79 and a back cover. The BSI copyright notice displayed in this document indicates when the document was last issued.BS 4422:2005 BSI 21 April 2005 1 Introduction

13、 BS 4422 was published in an attempt to standardize fire terms. Previously, this standard was in eight parts, each published separately over a number of years. While this performed a useful role for the disciplines covered it was not comprehensive to fire safety generally, and left large gaps in the

14、 defined terminology for certain disciplines, such as fire safety engineering and fire testing. This latter category is now well catered for with the publication of BS EN ISO 13943:2000. It has been found that, in some cases, a particular term might be defined differently in different standards and

15、documents. Thus, although definitions might ensure clarity within a standard, they can add to confusion where several standards with conflicting definitions are used together. In other cases, a concept might have very similar, or identical, definitions in two standards or documents but might be expr

16、essed by different terms, again leading to confusion. Where such variations of a single term and/or definition have been identified, a preferred term or definition has been selected. Where this has not been possible because existing definitions do not fully define the term, a new definition has been

17、 provided. This standard, therefore, brings together, in one document, terms and definitions relating to safety from fire in existing codes and standards, government legislation, regulations and guidance documents, and documents published by other leading organizations. The purpose of this standard

18、is to provide a unifying document so that terms and their definitions can be used throughout the fields of fire and fire safety, so that, as far as possible, a given term will always have the same meaning and that a given concept is always expressed by the same term. This revision of BS 4422 will el

19、iminate the inconsistencies between standards, and other fire related codes and guidance documents, in a rapidly evolving area of technology that is related to safety from fire. 1 Scope This standard defines terms specific to, and in general use by, fire protection agencies. Fire safety engineering

20、and fire testing terms are covered in BS EN ISO 13943. This standard does not include terms where the standard dictionary definition is applicable. Neither does it include terms and definitions which are unique to any small specialized discipline within fire safety. 2 Normative references The follow

21、ing referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. BS EN ISO 13943, Fire safety Vocabulary.BS 4422:2005 2 BSI

22、21 April 2005 3 Terms and definitions 3.1 ablative materials materials which gradually erode under the influence of heat and can be used to insulate/protect adjacent elements accelerator, see sprinkler accelerator (3.717) 3.2 access levellevel used for normal access that either incorporates, or lead

23、s directly to, a place of safety 3.3 access levelone of several states of a fire alarm control and indicating equipment in which selected: controls can be operated; manual operations can be carried out; indications are visible; and/or information can be obtained 3.4 access room room which forms the

24、only escape route from an inner room 3.5 accommodation stairway stairway, additional to that or those required for escape, provided for the convenience of occupants active fire protection system, see fire protection system, active (3.365) 3.6 actuating detector form of fire detector, not part of a f

25、ire alarm system, used to actuate subsidiary fire protection equipment 3.7 addressable point point which can be individually identified at the fire alarm control and indicating equipment 3.8 addressable system system in which signals from each fire detector and/or fire alarm manual call point are in

26、dividually identified at the fire alarm control and indicating equipment 3.9 adjustable sensitivity fire detector, the response threshold of which can be varied within detector specified limits without permanent indication of such variation 3.10 aerial appliance fire appliance incorporating a turnta

27、ble ladder or a hydraulic platform AFFF, see foam concentrate, aqueous film forming (3.435) 3.11 air inlet opening through which air is suppliedBS 4422:2005 BSI 21 April 2005 3 3.12 air release means by which pressurizing air is able to escape from a nominally unpressurized space to external air 3.1

28、3 alarm condition condition in which a fire detector is giving a signal specified as indicating the possible existence of a fire 3.14 alarm indication indication at the indicating equipment to show that a detection signal has been received 3.15 alarm of fire warning of fire, originated by a person o

29、r by an automatic device alarm of fire, false, see false alarm of fire (3.266) 3.16 alarm receiving centre continuously manned remote centre in which the information concerning the state of alarm systems is displayed and/or recorded 3.17 alarm silence facility means of temporarily disabling or desen

30、sitizing a smoke alarm alarm test valve, see sprinkler alarm test valve (3.718) alarm valve, see sprinkler alarm valve (3.719) 3.18 alarm zone geographical sub-division of the protected premises in which an alarm of fire can be given separately from any other sub-division alcohol resistant foam conc

31、entrate, see foam concentrate, alcohol resistant (3.434) 3.19 alternative escape routes escape routes sufficiently separated either by direction and space, or by fire-resistant construction, intended to ensure that should one be affected by fire the other will still be available 3.20 alternative exi

32、t one of two or more exits, each of which is separate from the other AMAO, see assumed maximum area of operation (3.721) 3.21 analogue detector fire detector which gives an output signal representing the value of the sensed phenomenon NOTE This can be a true analogue signal or a digitally encoded eq

33、uivalent of the sensed value. 3.22 ancillary service ancillary device device, facility or system which is required to operate in response to a fire alarm signalBS 4422:2005 4 BSI 21 April 2005 3.23 approach firefighting limited, specialized firefighting operations conducted at a distance from incide

34、nts involving very high levels of radiant, convective and contact heat, such as fires involving bulk flammable gas and/or bulk flammable liquid aqueous film forming foam concentrate, see foam concentrate, aqueous film forming (3.435) 3.24 area of higher fire risk room or other area which, because of

35、 its function and/or contents, presents a greater risk of fire occurring and developing than elsewhere NOTE Such areas can include a large kitchen, boiler room, large store-room and other similar risks. 3.25 area of sprinkler operation floor area to be flooded by a sprinkler system for design calcul

36、ation purposes arm pipe, see sprinkler arm pipe (3.720) arrester, see flame arrester (3.394) arrester element, see flame arrester element (3.395) arson, see malicious ignition (3.538) ASET, see available safe escape time (3.37) 3.26 aspirated apparatus sampling apparatus which draws a sample of the

37、atmosphere into a sensor by means of a pump aspirated foam, see foam, aspirated (3.429) 3.27 aspirating detection system fire detection system in which a sample of the atmosphere in the protected space is sucked by a fan or pump into a fire detector which can be remote from the protected space 3.28

38、assistance message message from the fire ground initiating the dispatch of additional appliances, equipment or personnel to a fire or other emergency 3.29 associated floor area of an atrium floor area in an atrium building (including the area of the atrium base) not separated from the atrium by cons

39、truction having a fire resistance equal to that required for the elements of the structure of the building NOTE The area of the atrium base should be included in the calculation of the associated floor area. assumed maximum area of operation, see assumed maximum area of operation (3.721) attendance

40、time, see fire brigade attendance time (3.296) 3.30 attendant fire phenomena special phenomena occurring during burning such as flaming debris, darting flames, formation of sparks 3.31 automatic door release mechanism device that can be used for retaining a door in the open position, against the act

41、ion of a door closer, and automatically releasing under specified conditionsBS 4422:2005 BSI 21 April 2005 5 3.32 automatic fire detection and alarm system system (other than a single self-contained smoke alarm or fire alarm) in which an alarm of fire can be initiated automatically automatic fire ho

42、se reel, see hose reel, automatic (3.480) automatic fire protection system, see fire protection system, automatic (3.366) 3.33 automatic fire signal alarm of fire originated by an automatic device automatic hose reel, see hose reel, automatic (3.480) 3.34 automatic lowering line device for lowering

43、persons from a height, fitted with an automatic brake to control the speed of descent 3.35 automatic/manual changeover device manual only changeover device device that can be operated to prevent the fire detection system from activating the automatic release of extinguishing medium while the protect

44、ed space is occupied automatic powered smoke and heat exhaust ventilator, see smoke ventilator, automatic powered (3.709) automatic release mechanism, see automatic door release mechanism (3.31) automatic smoke and heat exhaust ventilator, see smoke ventilator, automatic (3.708) automatic smoke curt

45、ain, see smoke curtain, automatic (3.695) 3.36 automatic steam injection system system of pipes connected to a supply of steam and fitted with nozzles at suitable intervals and heights, through which steam is discharged automatically on the operation of a fire detector 3.37 available safe escape tim

46、e ASET calculated time available between ignition and the time at which tenability criteria are exceeded in a specified space in a building average flaming time of droplets, see flaming time of droplets, average (3.411) back burn, see counter fire (3.89) backdraft, see flashback (3.424) 3.38 backing

47、 board non-combustible board used to support, shield or insulate a specimen in a fire test under specified conditions balanced system, see extinguishing system, balanced (3.257) base injection, see sub-surface application (3.457) 3.39 beam detector components, including any reflectors, necessary for

48、 the detection of smoke by the attenuation of an optical beam external to the fire detector 3.40 blast wave pressure pulse formed by an explosionBS 4422:2005 6 BSI 21 April 2005 3.41 boiling liquid expanding vapour explosion BLEVE explosion caused by the rupture of a tank containing liquid at a temp

49、erature higher than its boiling point at atmospheric pressure NOTE If the liquid is flammable, then subsequent ignition of the dispersed vaporized contents can lead to a fireball. 3.42 boil over condition in which the hot zone at the top of a burning liquid extends sufficiently deeply to boil water that has drained to the base of the liquid, so that a large part of the burning liquid is expelled violently when the water boils 3.43 bounding area area of the real or notional surface (sides,