ASTM G126-2000(2008) Standard Terminology Relating to the Compatibility and Sensitivity of Materials in Oxygen Enriched Atmospheres《氧浓缩气氛中材料相容性和灵敏性标准术语》.pdf

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1、Designation: G 126 00 (Reapproved 2008)Standard Terminology Relating to theCompatibility and Sensitivity of Materials in OxygenEnriched Atmospheres1This standard is issued under the fixed designation G 126; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, i

2、n the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This terminology defines terms related to the compat-ibility and sensitivity of m

3、aterials in oxygen enriched atmo-spheres. It includes those standards under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee G04.1.2 The terminology concentrates on terms commonly en-countered in and specific to practices and methods used toevaluate the compatibility and sensitivity of materials inoxygen. This eva

4、luation is usually performed in a laboratoryenvironment, and this terminology does not attempt to includelaboratory terms.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D 2863 Test Method for Measuring the Minimum OxygenConcentration to Support Candle-Like Combustion ofPlastics (Oxygen Index)G63 Guide f

5、or Evaluating Nonmetallic Materials for Oxy-gen ServiceG72 Test Method for Autogenous Ignition Temperature ofLiquids and Solids in a High-Pressure Oxygen-EnrichedEnvironmentG 74 Test Method for Ignition Sensitivity of Materials toGaseous Fluid ImpactG 86 Test Method for Determining Ignition Sensitiv

6、ity ofMaterials to Mechanical Impact in Ambient Liquid Oxy-gen and Pressurized Liquid and Gaseous Oxygen Environ-mentsG88 Guide for Designing Systems for Oxygen ServiceG93 Practice for Cleaning Methods and Cleanliness Levelsfor Material and Equipment Used in Oxygen-EnrichedEnvironmentsG94 Guide for

7、Evaluating Metals for Oxygen ServiceG114 Practices for Evaluating the Age Resistance of Poly-meric Materials Used in Oxygen ServiceG 120 Practice for Determination of Soluble Residual Con-tamination by Soxhlet ExtractionG 121 Practice for Preparation of Contaminated Test Cou-pons for the Evaluation

8、of Cleaning AgentsG 122 Test Method for Evaluating the Effectiveness ofCleaning AgentsG 124 Test Method for Determining the Combustion Be-havior of Metallic Materials in Oxygen-Enriched Atmo-spheresG 125 Test Method for Measuring Liquid and Solid Mate-rial Fire Limits in Gaseous OxidantsG 127 Guide

9、for the Selection of Cleaning Agents forOxygen SystemsG 128 Guide for Control of Hazards and Risks in OxygenEnriched SystemsG 131 Practice for Cleaning of Materials and Componentsby Ultrasonic TechniquesG 136 Practice for Determination of Soluble Residual Con-taminants in Materials by Ultrasonic Ext

10、ractionG 144 Test Method for Determination of Residual Contami-nation of Materials and Components by Total CarbonAnalysis Using a High Temperature Combustion AnalyzerG 145 Guide for Studying Fire Incidents in Oxygen Sys-tems3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:autoignition temperature (AIT), nthe lowest te

11、mperatureat which a material will spontaneously ignite in an oxygen-enriched atmosphere under specific test conditions.G63, G72, G94, G 128contaminant, nunwanted molecular or particulate matterthat could adversely affect or degrade the operation, life, orreliability of the systems or components upon

12、 which itresides. G93, G 120, G 121, G 131, G 136, G 144contaminate, vto make unfit for use, either intentionally orunintentionally, by introduction of a contaminant. G 131,G 1361This terminology is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee G04 onCompatibility and Sensitivity of Materials in Oxygen E

13、nriched Atmospheres and isthe direct responsibility of Subcommittee G04.03 on Terminology.Current edition approved April 1, 2008. Published May 2008. Originallyapproved in 1994. Last previous edition approved in 2000 as G 126 00.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, o

14、rcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.contamination, n(

15、1) the amount of unwanted molecular orparticulate matter in a system; (2) the process or condition ofbeing contaminated.DISCUSSIONContamination and cleanliness are opposing properties:increasing cleanliness implies decreasing contamination.G93, G 120, G 121, G 131, G 136, G 144control coupon (also w

16、itness coupon), n(1) a coupon madefrom the same material and prepared in exactly the same wayas the test coupons which is used to verify the validity of themethod or part thereof (G 120, G 131); (2) a coupon madefrom the same material as the test coupons but in this testmethod is not coated with the

17、 contaminant (G 121).DISCUSSION(1) in this practice, the control coupon is contaminatedin the same manner as the test coupons and is subjected to the identicalextraction procedure (G 120); (2) in this practice, the control coupon iscontaminated in the same manner as the test coupons and is subjected

18、to the identical cleaning procedure (G 131).degas, vthe process of removing gases from a liquid.G 131, G 136direct oxygen service, nservice in contact with oxygen-enriched atmosphere during normal operations. G63,G88, G94DISCUSSIONExamples are oxygen compressor piston rings or con-trol valve seats.i

19、mpact-ignition resistance, nthe resistance of a material toignition when struck by an object in an oxygen-enrichedatmosphere under a specific test procedure.G63, G94, G 128indirect oxygen service, nservice in which oxygen is notnormally but may be contacted as a result of an operatorerror, or proces

20、s disturbance, such as liquid oxygen tankinsulation or liquid oxygen pump motor bearings. G63,G88, G94DISCUSSIONExamples include, liquid oxygen tank insulation orliquid oxgen pump motor bearings.maximum use pressure, nthe greatest pressure to which amaterial can be subjected as a result of a reasona

21、blyforeseeable malfunction, operator error or process distur-bance. G63, G94maximum use temperature, nthe greatest temperature towhich a material can be subjected as a result of a reasonablyforeseeable malfunction, operator error, or process distur-bance. G63, G94molecular contaminant, nnonparticula

22、te contaminant thatmay exist in either a gaseous, liquid, or solid state.DISCUSSIONMolecular contaminant may be uniformly or nonuni-formly distributed as a solution or an emulsion or may be in the formof droplets. Molecular contaminants account for most of what consti-tutes nonvolatile residue. G 12

23、0, G 121, G 136, G 144nonmetal, nany material other than a metal, nonpolymericalloy, or any composite in which the metallic component isnot the most easily ignited component and for which theindividual constituents cannot be evaluated independently,including (ceramics, such as glass, synthetic polym

24、ers, suchas most rubbers, thermoplastics, and thermosets, and naturalpolymers, such as naturally occurring rubber, wood, andcloth.) Nonmetallic is the adjective form of this term.G63, G93, G94, G 128nonvolatile residue (NVR), nmolecular or particulate mat-ter remaining following the filtration and c

25、ontrolled evapo-ration of a liquid containing contaminants.G 120, G 121, G 131, G 136, G 144operating pressure, nthe pressure expected under normaloperating conditions. G63, G94operating temperature, nthe temperature expected undernormal operating conditions. G63, G94oxygen compatibility (also oxida

26、nt compatibility), ntheability of a substance to coexist with both oxygen and apotential source(s) of ignition at an expected pressure andtemperature with a magnitude of risk acceptable to the user.G93, G 125, G 128, G 145oxygen-enriched, adjcontaining more than 25 mole percentoxygen. G63, G88, G94,

27、 G 128, G 145DISCUSSIONOther standards such as those publiched by NFPA andOSHA differ from the definition in their specification of oxygenconcentration.particle (particulate contaminant), na piece of matter in asolid state with observable length, width, and thickness.DISCUSSIONThe size of a particle

28、 is usually defined by its greatestdimension and is specified in micrometers.G 120, G 121, G 131, G 136, G 144qualified technical personnel, npersons such as engineersand chemists who, by virtue of education, training, orexperience, know how to apply physical and chemicalprinciples involved in the r

29、eactions between oxidants andother materials. G63, G88, G94, G 128, G 145reaction effect, nthe personnel injury, facility damage,product loss, downtime, or mission loss that could occur asthe result of an oxygen fire. G63, G94surface roughness, Ra, nthe arithmetic average deviation ofthe surface pro

30、file from the centerline, normally reported inmicrometers. G 121, G 1223.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:aging, nthe exposure of a material to individual or combinedstresses such as time, temperature, pressure, abrasion, ion-izing radiation, light, impact with gas or particles, tens

31、ile orcompressive force (either static or cyclic), contact with othermaterials or chemicals, or any other feature that may bepresent during a materials service life. G114artificial aging, naging in which a stress variable isoutside the domain of exposure that a material might see ina component for o

32、xygen service or in which an alternativemechanism is used to produce an effect that simulates theresults of natural aging.DISCUSSIONThe degree of artificiality may vary on a large scale.Anexample of mild artificiality is exposure of a material to a greaterpressure than it experiences in the use cond

33、ition. An example ofextreme artificiality is the use of sandpaper to increase a materialssurface roughness to simulate particle-impact abrasion that occurs inthe use condition. A high degree of artificiality affects the strength ofconclusion that can be drawn, because it may be difficult to relate t

34、heresults to the use condition. Artificial aging that accelerates naturalG 126 00 (2008)2aging but does not alter the resulting effect is preferred. G114natural aging, naging in which a material is exposed toconditions replicating those that are present in actual servicein a component for oxygen ser

35、vice. G114average regression rate (apparent burn rate), nthe averagerate at which the burning/solid-metal interface advancesalong the test sample length. G 124blank, nthe contamination level, sometimes referred to asthe background level, of a fluid when the test coupon isomitted. G 121cleanliness, n

36、the degree to which an oxygen system is freeof contaminant.DISCUSSIONCleanliness and contamination are opposing properties:increasing cleanliness implies decreasing contamination. G93cleaning effectiveness factor (CEF), nthe fraction of con-taminant removed from an initially contaminated test cou-po

37、n as determined by gravimetric techniques. G 122direct incident cause, nthe mechanical or thermodynamicevent, such as breakage of a component or near-adiabaticcompression, the physicochemical property, such as heat ofcombustion, the procedure, such as a valve opening rate, orany departure(s) from th

38、e intended state of any of theseitems, that leads directly to an incident (see incident).G 145fibers, nparticulate matter with a length of 100 m or greaterand a length-to-width ratio of 10 to 1 or greater. G93fire limit, nthe threshold limit conditions that will justsupport sustained combustion of a

39、 material under a combi-nation of specified conditions and at least one variableparameter. G 125DISCUSSIONExamples are; oxidant concentration, diluent nature,pressure, temperature, geometry, and flow.fractional evaporation, nthe continuous evaporation of thequantity of liquid that results in a progr

40、essive increase in theconcentration of a less-volatile constituent(s) in the remain-ing liquid. G 145hazard, nsource of danger; something that could harmpersons or property.DISCUSSIONThe magnitude of a hazard relates to the severity of theharm it could cause. G 128igniter, na material such as a smal

41、l diameter wire that canburn under an electrical influence and is used to ignite thepromoter. G 124ignition temperature, nthe temperature at which a materialwill ignite an oxidant under specific test conditions. G 128incident, nan ignition or fire, or both, that is both undesiredand unanticipated, o

42、r an undesired and unanticipated conse-quence of an ignition or fire that was anticipated. G 145oxidant compatibility, nthe ability of a substance to coexistat an expected pressure and temperature with both an oxidantand a potential source(s) of ignition within a risk parameteracceptable to the user

43、. G 125oxidant index, nthe minimum concentration of an oxidant,such as oxygen, nitrous oxide, or fluorine, expressed as avolume percent, in a mixture of the oxidant with a diluent,such as nitrogen, helium, or carbon dioxide, that will justsupport sustained combustion of a material initially at given

44、conditions of temperature, pressure, flow conditions, andpropagation direction (see oxygen index).DISCUSSIONThe oxidant index (or limit) may be more specificallyidentified by naming the oxidant, such as oxygen index (or limit),nitrous oxide index (or limit), or fluorine index (or limit). Unlessspeci

45、fied otherwise, the typical oxidant is oxygen, the typical diluent isnitrogen, and the typical temperature is ambient. G 125oxygen index, nthe minimum concentration of oxygen,expressed as a volume percent, in a mixture of oxygen andnitrogen that will just support sustained combustion of amaterial in

46、itially at room temperature under the conditionsof Test Method D 2863 (see Test Method D 2863). G 125particulate, na general term used to describe a finelydivided solid of organic or inorganic matter. G93pressure limit, nthe minimum pressure of an oxidant (oroxidant mixture) that will just support s

47、ustained combustionof a material initially at given conditions of oxidant concen-tration, temperature, flow condition, and propagation direc-tion.DISCUSSIONThe pressure limit may be more specifically identifiedby naming the oxidant: oxygen pressure limit, nitrous oxide pressurelimit, or fluorine pre

48、ssure limit. G 125promoter, na material that provides thermal energy which isused to increase the temperature to start combustion of thematerial being tested. G 124residual contamination, Rc, nthe absolute mass of contami-nant remaining after a cleaning process, expressed in milli-grams per square c

49、entimeter of area or optionally as milli-grams per square metre. G 122risk, nprobability of loss or injury from a hazard.DISCUSSIONThe magnitude of a risk relates to how likely a hazardis to cause harm. G 128self-sustained combustion, ncombustion that consumes asample to the point at which the sample holder affects furthercombustion, assuming sufficient oxidizer. G 124temperature limit, nthe minimum temperature of an oxi-dant (or oxidant mixture) that will just support sustainedcombustion of a material initially at given