ASTM F2713-2013 Standard Specification for Eye Protectors for Field Hockey《曲棍球护眼用具的标准规范》.pdf

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1、Designation: F2713 09F2713 13 An American National StandardStandard Specification forEye Protectors for Field Hockey1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F2713; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the yea

2、r of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This specification covers eye protectors, protectors with a plano (that is, non-prescription) lens or without a l

3、ens, designedfor use by players of field hockey, that minimize or significantly reduce injury to the eye and adnexa due to impact by andpenetration of field hockey balls and field hockey sticks. Contact with the eye of the headform constitutes failure. Protectiveeyewear offers protection only to the

4、 eyes and does not protect other parts of the head.1.2 Impact testing Testing is done in a laboratory setting. Eye contact is determined by observation.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.Metric units of measu

5、rement in this specification are in accordance with the International System of Units (SI). If a value formeasurement as given in this specification is followed by an equivalent value in other units, the first stated is to be regarded asthe requirement. A given equivalent value may be approximate.1.

6、4 The following precautionary caveat pertains only to the test methods portion (Sections 8, 9, and 10) of this specification:This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of theuser of this standard to establish approp

7、riate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitationsprior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D1003 Test Method for Haze and Luminous Transmittance of Transparent PlasticsF1887 Test Method for Measuring the Coefficient of Restitution (COR) of Base

8、balls and SoftballsF1888 Test Method for Compression-Displacement of Baseballs and Softballs2.2 ANSI Standards:3ANSI Z80.3 Requirements for Nonprescription Sunglasses and Fashion EyewearANSI Z87.1 Practice for Occupational and Educational Eye and Face Protectors2.3 Federal Standard:National Institut

9、e of Standards andTechnology SpecialTechnical Publication 374 Method for Determining the Resolving Powerof Photographic Lenses42.4 Canadian Standard:5CSA Z262.6 Specifications for Facially Featured Headforms3. Terminology3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.1.1 binocular, adjrelating

10、 to the field of view which is shared by both eyes simultaneously; also any simultaneous activityof the two eyes.3.1.2 central viewing zone, nthat part of the eye of a protector, which has its center in line with the wearers normal line ofsight.1 This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM

11、Committee F08 on Sports Equipment, Playing Surfaces, and Facilities and is the direct responsibility ofSubcommittee F08.57 on Eye Safety for Sports.Current edition approved April 1, 2009Dec. 1, 2013. Published May 2009January 2014. Originally approved in 2009. Last previous edition approved in 2009

12、asF2713 09. DOI: 10.1520/F2713-09.10.1520/F2713-13.2 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.3 Availabl

13、e from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St., 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http:/www.ansi.org.4 Available from National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), 100 Bureau Dr., Stop 1070, Gaithersburg, MD 20899-1070, http:/www.nist.gov.5 Available from Canadian Standard

14、s Association (CSA), 5060 Spectrum Way, Mississauga, ON L4W 5N6, Canada, http:/www.csa.ca.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible

15、 to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West C

16、onshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States13.1.2.1 DiscussionThe zone is circular in shape, and 40 mm in diameter. The center of the central viewing zone shall be the point of intersection ofthe line of sight with the lens as mounted on the CSA headform.53.1.3 cleanable, nability of a protective devi

17、ce to be made readily free of dirt or grime without being damaged during anappropriate cleaning process, such as the use of soap and water.3.1.4 coeffcient of restitution, nfractional value representing the ratio of velocities before and after an impact.3.1.5 compression-deflection, nforce required

18、to compress a ball a given distance.3.1.6 coverage, ncharacteristic of a protective device that obstructs straight line paths that are coincident with the wearerseyes.3.1.7 definition (optical), ncharacteristic of a lens that allows separate distinct points in close proximity to be discerned whenloo

19、king through the lens.3.1.8 eye, nrelating to the eye of a test headform or the eye of a person wearing a protector or that part of an eye protectivedevice through which a wearers eye would normally look.3.1.9 eye of the headform, nall structures contained within the orbital rim of the CSA headform.

20、53.1.10 haze, nfraction of the total transmitted light from a normally incident beam which is not trans mitted in a focusedcondition but scattered by inclusions or surface defects.3.1.10.1 DiscussionExcessive haze will reduce contrast and visibility.3.1.11 headform optical parameters, nkey dimension

21、s for the headforms.3.1.12 impact resistance, nability of a device to afford protection from impact as required by this specification.3.1.13 lens, nwhen so equipped, the transparent part or parts of a protective device through which the wearer normally sees.3.1.14 luminous transmittance, nfunction o

22、f the spectral transmittance of the lens weighted by the corresponding ordinatesof the photopic luminous efficiency distribution of the CIE (1931) standard colorimetric observer and by the spectral intensity ofstandard Illuminant C. (See ANSI Z80.3, Paragraph 3.9.1.)3.1.15 normal lines of sight, nst

23、raight ahead horizontal lines that intersect the center of the eyes of the appropriate headform.3.1.16 penetration resistance, nability of a device to afford protection from moving objects as required by this specification.3.1.17 power imbalance, nrelates to the condition in which the refractive pow

24、er of the lens or lenses of a protector is differentas presented to the two eyes.3.1.18 prism, ndevice that bends a beam of light as a result of the lack of parallelism of the two surfaces of a lens throughwhich the beam of light traverses.3.1.18.1 DiscussionThe amount of bending is a function of th

25、e curvatures, thickness, index of refraction of the material and the angle of approach ofthe line of sight to the optical surface. In this specification, prism refers to the amount of bending that is imposed upon the lineof sight of a wearer of an eye protector for the specified viewing position. Pr

26、ism is expressed in diopters. The deviation of the lineof sight by 1 cm/m is one prism diopter.3.1.18.1 base-in, nrelating to the type of prism imbalance that tends to cause parallel rays of light passing through a protector,spaced apart by the interpupillary distance, to converge.3.1.18.2 base-out,

27、 nrelating to the type of prism imbalance that tends to cause parallel rays of light passing through aprotector, spaced apart by the interpupillary distance, to diverge.3.1.18.3 base-up, nrefers to the type of prism that causes a horizontal beam of light to bend upward causing objects to appearlower

28、 than their true position.3.1.18.4 base-down, nrefers to the type of prism that causes a horizontal beam of light to bend down causing objects to appearhigher than their true position.3.1.19 prism imbalance, n3.1.19.1 horizontal imbalance, ndifference in prismatic deviation of incident parallel ligh

29、t beams on the two eyes of aprotective device in the horizontal meridian. (See base-in and base-out).F2713 1323.1.19.2 vertical imbalance, ndifference in prismatic deviation between parallel light beams incident on the two eyes of aprotective device in the vertical meridian.3.1.20 protective device

30、(or protector), ndevice that provides protection to the wearers eye against specific hazardsencountered in sports.3.1.21 refractive power, nfocusing effect of a lens expressed in diopters.3.1.21.1 astigmatism, ncondition in a lens that creates two axially separated line foci of each object point, th

31、e lines beingmutually perpendicular. In other words, the lens has two different refractive powers in meridians that are 90 apart.3.1.22 scotoma, nblind or partially blind area within the visual field.3.1.23 spherical power, naverage of the maximum meridional astigmatic power and the minimum meridion

32、al astigmaticpower of a lens.4. Classification4.1 Eye protectors are classified into the following types:4.1.1 Type IAprotector with the plano lens or lenses and frame frontpiece molded as one unit. Frame temples or other devices,such as straps, to affix the lens/frontpiece may be separate pieces.4.

33、1.2 Type IIAprotector with a singlethe plano lens or lenses, either plano or prescription, lenses mounted in a frame that wasmanufactured as a separate unit.4.1.3 Type IIIA protector without a lens.5. General Requirements5.1 Materials of Construction:5.1.1 The manufacturers choice of material shall

34、be in accordance with 5.1.2 and 5.1.3.5.1.2 Materials coming into contact with the wearers face shall not be of a type known to cause skin irritation.5.1.3 Materials coming into contact with the wearers face, except replaceable padding, shall not undergo significant loss ofstrength or flexibility, o

35、r other physical change as a result of perspiration, oil, or grease from the wearers skin and hair.5.1.3.1 Manufacturer will provide material selection and, by affidavit, affidavit supplied to the laboratory conducting the testsperformed pursuant to this specification, support 5.1.1 5.1.3.5.1.4 Clea

36、nabilityProtective devices shall be capable of being cleaned to the degree that when conditioned in accordance withthe method described in 9.1, they shall remain functional in all ways.5.2 Finishes and ConstructionThe protector shall be constructed in a manner to prevent the missile or components of

37、 theprotector from contact with the eye of the headform when tested in accordance with Section 10.5.3 Straps are not required on eye protectors, provided the protector passes the standard without straps.6. Performance Requirements6.1 Optical RequirementsType I and II Protectors:6.1.1 Refractive Tole

38、rancesWhen tested in accordance with 8.6, the spherical power shall be in the range of +0.06 dioptersto 0.18 diopters.6.1.2 AstigmatismWhen tested in accordance with 8.5, the astigmatism shall not exceed 0.12 diopter.6.1.3 Power ImbalanceWhen tested in accordance with 8.5, the power imbalance in cor

39、responding meridians shall not exceed0.18 diopters between the two eyes for straight-ahead seeing.6.1.4 PrismFor the primary viewing position of either eye of a shield or pair of lenses, the prism deviation shall not exceed0.50 prism diopters when tested in accordance with 8.3.6.1.5 Prism Imbalance:

40、6.1.5.1 Vertical and Base-In0.25 prism diopters.6.1.5.2 Base-Out0.50 prism diopters.6.1.6 Luminous TransmittanceWhen tested in accordance with 8.2, protectors shall have a luminous transmittance of not lessthan 85 % for a clear device and not less than 20 % for tinted devices. Additionally, the diff

41、erence in values as would be viewedby the two eyes through a single protector as worn shall not exceed 0.9 to 1.1 times the other value (measured at the design lineof sight) unless specifically prescribed by an ophthalmic professional.6.1.7 Ultraviolet TransmittanceUVB (290315 nm), clear protectors,

42、 5 % maximum, sunglass types, 1 % maximum. UVA(315380 nm), clear protectors, 50 % maximum, sunglass types, 0.5 luminous transmittance.6.1.8 HazeWhen tested in accordance with 8.4, the haze in the protector shall not exceed 3 %.6.1.9 Lenses that exhibit any distortion or doubling of the image during

43、the test for refractive power or prism shall be furthertested in accordance with 8.1.6.1.10 Optical QualityWithin the central viewing zone, striae warpage, surface ripples, lenticulations, or abrupt opticalchanges that are visible under the test conditions of 8.1 and that would impair the function o

44、f the lens shall be cause for rejection.Visual impairment is defined by the scanning and focimeter test of 8.1.F2713 1336.1.11 Surface and Internal DefectsPits, scratches, bubbles, grayness, specks, cracks, and water marks that are visible underthe test conditions of 8.6 and that would impair the fu

45、nction of the lens shall be a cause for rejection. Grayness should be evaluatedby the requirements of 6.1.6.6.2 Mechanical Requirements:6.2.1 No contact with the eye of the headform shall be permitted when tested in accordance with Section 10.6.2.2 When tested in accordance with Section 10, displace

46、d fragments or complete fracture of any components of the eyeprotector excluding padding constitutes a failure.6.2.3 When tested in accordance with Section 10, any displacement of the lens from the frame and that contacts the eye,constitutes a failure.6.2.4 A protector that is dislodged from the tes

47、t headform when tested in accordance with Section 10 shall not constitute afailure, provided all of the above mechanical requirements are met.7. Sample Preparation7.1 Only new and complete eye protectors as offered for sale shall be tested.7.2 Protectors shall be conditioned and tested at two temper

48、atures, 35 6 2C and 6 6 2C for a minimum of 4 h.TEST METHODS8. Optical Tests8.1 Optical QualityLocalized power errors or aberrations that are detected by the visual inspection procedure of 8.1.1 arepermissible if no measurable or gross focimeter or telescope target distortion or blur is found when t

49、he localized area is examinedwith an instrument as indicated in 8.1.2.8.1.1 Inspection ProcedureOne method of optical inspection is to view a high-contrast grid pattern of dark and white linesthrough the lens, scanning it area by area and moving it about. The grid pattern should be at least 18 by 18 in. and constructedof high contrast black lines on a white background (the white separations being equal to the black lines, both being approximately14 in. wide). The target should be at least 6 to 8 ft from th