ASTM F2680-2017 Standard Test Methods and Specifications for Bicycle Manually Operated Front Wheel Retention Systems《自行车手动前轮保持系统的标准试验方法和规格》.pdf

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1、Designation: F2680 09 (Reapproved 2014)F2680 17 An American National StandardStandard Specification for Test Methods and Specifications forBicycle Manually Operated Front Wheel Retention Systemsfor Bicycles1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F2680; the number immediately following t

2、he designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This specification cove

3、rs These test methods and specifications cover the standard for front wheel retention systems for allbicycles equipped with manually operated retention systems such as a quick release.1.2 This specification is only for bicycles equipped with manually operated retention systems, and does not apply to

4、tool-operated wheel fasteningretention systems.1.3 The intent of this specification is to define the performance of primary and secondary wheel retention systems, with thefocus on preventing unintended wheel separation.separation and prevention of unintended contact of the retention system with thed

5、isc brake rotor or wheel.1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilityof the user of thi

6、s standard to establish appropriate safety safety, health, and healthenvironmental practices and determine theapplicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardizationestablished in t

7、he Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issuedby the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Terminology2.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:2.1.1 adult bicycle, nbicycle designed for, and mark

8、eted to, adult riders.2.1.2 bicycle fork (fork), nmechanismstructure between the head tube and front hub axle, including some or all of thefollowing components; the steerer tube, crown, fork blades, triple clamps, shock absorbers, lower tubes, upper tubes and dropouts(fork ends).2.1.3 direction of r

9、emoval of the wheel from the fork, ndirection, when both primary and secondary wheel retention systemsare disengaged, that provides the least resistance to wheel and fork separation or wheel removal.2.1.4 disc brake, na brake that uses a caliper to squeeze a pair of pads against a disc brake rotor i

10、n order to create frictionthat slows and stops the rotation of the wheel assembly.2.1.5 disc brake rotor, nthe component of a disc brake against which the brake pads are pressed in order to stop. The rotoris attached to the wheel hub.2.1.6 dropout (fork end), nfork component used to support, or moun

11、t, the front wheel at the axle.2.1.7 manually operated, adjwithout the use of tools.2.1.8 primary retention, nsystem that keeps the bicycle wheel connected to the bicycle fork for riding.2.1.9 primary retention system in the unlocked position, nposition where, (1) if a quick release cam is used, the

12、 cam is openedas far as possible or (2) if a turning style system such as a wing nut or another non-cam style system is used, the manual leveris loosened 360.1 This specification is These test methods and specifications are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F08 on Sports Equipment, Playing Su

13、rfaces, and Facilitiesand isare the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F08.10 on Bicycles.Current edition approved April 1, 2014Sept. 1, 2017. Published May 2014October 2017. Originally approved in 2009. Last previous edition approved in 20092014 asF2680 09.F2680 09 (2014). DOI: 10.1520/F2680-09R

14、14.10.1520/F2680-17.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that use

15、rs consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States12.1.10 quick release mechani

16、sm,assembly, nlever-actuated cam mechanism that connects and retains the bicycle front wheelto the bicycle fork.2.1.10.1 DiscussionThe assembly generally consists of a lever (actuating the cam mechanism), adjusting nut and springs (two, optional).2.1.11 secondary retention, nsystem that retains the

17、bicycle wheel in the dropouts when the primary retention system is in theopen (unlocked) position.2.1.12 wheel hub, nassembly consisting of an axle connected by bearings to a hub shell, to which the spokes attach, andpermitting the shell to revolve around the axle.3. Performance Requirements3.1 Bicy

18、cles equipped with a manually operated primary retention systemssystem shall be equipped with a secondary retentionsystems.retention.3.2 The primary retention system shall prevent relative motion between the front wheel axle and the front fork dropouts whentested as shown in Fig. 1by the methods des

19、cribed in 4.1.1 and as shown in Fig. 1.3.3 The secondary retention system shall prevent front wheel removal or partial separation when tested by the methodsdescribed in 4.1.2. An example of one type of Examples of front wheel partial separation isare shown in Fig. 2.3.4 Manually operated wheel reten

20、tion systems shall not be used on bicycles with 20-in. (51-cm) diameter wheels or smaller(excluding adult bicycles).FIG. 1 Typical Primary Retention Test ApparatusF2680 1723.5 When the quick release assembly is installed into the test fixture (Fig. 3), the quick release lever shall not contact the f

21、ixturesurface at any time during the test described in 4.2, in either an open or closed position (Fig. 4 and Fig. 5).3.6 The quick release lever shall not interfere with the rotation of the wheel, including any attachments (for example, rotor),in either the open or closed position when the quick rel

22、ease is used as a system assembly (complete bicycle) and positionedaccording to the manufacturers instructions.4. Test Methods4.1 Test SetupAssemble and adjust the primary and secondary retention systems according to the manufacturers instructions.Remove the braking system entirely or set to the sta

23、te for wheel removal. With noRemove the tire onfrom the wheel, and mountthe fork non-rotatably mounted only by the steerer tube:tube so that the fork cannot rotate (Fig. 1).Assemble and adjust the primaryand secondary retention systems according to the manufacturers instructions.FIG. 2 Failure Mode

24、ExamplesF2680 1734.1.1 Primary Retention TestLock the primary retention system for the riding condition and apply a force of 2300 N that isdistributed symmetrically on the axle for a period of 1 min in the direction of removal of the wheel from the fork.4.1.2 Secondary Retention TestAs shown in Fig.

25、 36, with the primary retention system in the unlocked position, apply a Force“A” of 200 N distributed symmetrically on the axle in the direction of the removal of the wheel from the fork. While applyingForce “A”, apply an additionala separate 100 N Force “B” on the wheel rim as follows:(1) Location

26、At the intersection of the extension of the Force “A” vector and a rim of maximum size compatible with thefork.(2) DirectionApplied on the wheel rim in a direction parallel to the hub axle.axle and on the line of the direction of removalof the front wheel.(3) DurationApply force for 1 min, then redu

27、ce Force “B” to zero as quickly as possible while maintaining Force “A”. Thenreduce Force “A” to zero.4.1.2.1 Repeat 4.1.2 with Force “B” applied on the opposite side of the wheel (as shown in (Fig. 47).4.1.2.2 If the wheel mounting system allows the wheel to be mounted in a reversible manner, re-mo

28、unt the wheel reversed inthe bicycle fork, an example of which is shown in Fig. 5.4.1.2.3 Repeat the test described in 4.1.2 with the assembly shown in Fig. 5.4.1.2.2 Repeat the test described inIf the quick release lever can be manually installed on either side of the fork, the test shallbe 4.1.2.1

29、performed with the assembly shown in lever on each side. See Fig. 6 and Fig. 8.Key:1 Quick release assembly (Thru-Axle Assembly note shown)2 Test fixture example (10 mm raised center)3 2.5 kg (5.51 lb) mass4 Test fixture with quick release assembly and massNOTE 1Ensure that the 10 mm raised section

30、of the fixture does not interfere with the quick release lever arm when the lever is in the fully openor closed position. The diameter of the 10 mm raised section should be such that it can accommodate the test without contacting the lever arm.FIG. 3 Test FixtureFIG. 4 Passing ResultF2680 174(1) Rep

31、eat the test described in 4.1.2 with the assembly shown in Fig. 8.(2) Repeat the test described in 4.1.2.1 with the assembly shown in Fig. 9.4.2 Quick Release Lever Clearance TestThe test shall be conducted on the complete quick release assembly (all hardware).A test fixture similar to that shown in

32、 Fig. 3 shall be used with a mass of 2.5 kg (5.5 lbf) hanging from the end of the skeweropposite the lever of the quick release mechanism. The fixture and mass shall remain concentric during the test. Apply a force of4.44 N (1.0 lbf, 0.45 Kgf), 5 mm from the end of the lever, in a direction parallel

33、 with the quick release axis, in each of the openand closed positions for a duration of 1 min. While under load, observe the position of the quick release lever in relation to anypart of the fixture (Fig. 4). There shall be no contact with the fixture (contact is shown in Fig. 5).5. Rejection5.1 Bic

34、ycle front wheel retention systems that fail to meet the performance requirements of this specification will be rejected.6. Keywords6.1 bicycle fork; bicycle quick release; bicycle wheel; disc brake; disc brake rotor; dropout; fork end; wheel hub; wheelretentionFIG. 5 Failure ModeF2680 175FIG. 36 Ty

35、pical Secondary Retention Test ApparatusFIG. 47 Typical Secondary Retention Test ApparatusF2680 176FIG. 58 Typical Secondary Retention Test ApparatusFIG. 69 Typical Secondary Retention Test ApparatusF2680 177ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted i

36、n connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the r

37、esponsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn.Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive care

38、ful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM Internationa

39、l, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org). Permission rights to photocopy the standard may also be secured from the Copyright Clearance Center, 222Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, Tel: (978) 646-2600; http:/ 178