ASTM F2388-2018 Standard Consumer Safety Specification for Baby Changing Products for Domestic Use《家用婴儿用品消费者安全标准规范》.pdf

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1、Designation: F2388 17aF2388 18Standard Consumer Safety Specification forBaby Changing Products for Domestic Use1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F2388; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of

2、last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.INTRODUCTIONThis consumer safety specification addresses incidents associated with baby changing productsidentified by the U.S. Co

3、nsumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC). Incidents involved collapse,falls from the table, and entrapment in structural members.In response to incident data collected by CPSC, this consumer safety specification attempts tominimize the risk of injury and death due to: (1) falls from changing tables,

4、(2) failure of structuralor mechanical components, (3) instability and entrapment in openings in the table structure, and (4)suffocation. This specification also contains requirements for warnings and instructional materialsdirected to parents or caregivers.1. Scope1.1 This consumer safety specifica

5、tion covers performance requirements, test methods, and labeling requirements to promotethe safe use of baby changing products including changing tables, changing table accessories, contoured changing pads, and add-onchanging units.1.2 This specification covers products sold for domestic use for chi

6、ldren up to a weight of 30 lb (13.6 kg).1.3 Changing products shall meet all applicable performance and labeling requirements.1.4 No changing product produced after the approval date of this specification shall, either by label or other means, indicatecompliance with this specification unless it con

7、forms to all applicable requirements contained herein, before, and after all testing.1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematicalconversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standar

8、d.1.6 The following precautionary caveat pertains only to the test method portion in Section 7 of this specification. This standarddoes not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of thisstandard to establish appropriate sa

9、fety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatoryrequirements prior to use.1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardizationestablished in the Decision on Principles for the Development of I

10、nternational Standards, Guides and Recommendations issuedby the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D3359 Test Methods for Rating Adhesion by Tape TestF406 Consumer Safety Specification for Non-Full-Size Baby Cribs/Play Yard

11、sF963 Consumer Safety Specification for Toy SafetyF1169 Consumer Safety Specification for Full-Size Baby CribsF2057 Safety Specification for Clothing Storage Units1 This consumer safety specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F15 on Consumer Products and is the direct responsibilit

12、y of Subcommittee F15.18on Cribs, Toddler Beds, Play Yards, Bassinets, Cradles and Changing Tables.Current edition approved Oct. 15, 2017Feb. 15, 2018. Published October 2017March 2018. Originally approved in 2004. Last previous edition approved in 2017 asF2388 17.F2388 17a. DOI: 10.1520/F2388-17A.1

13、0.1520/F2388-18.2 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.This document is not an ASTM standard and is

14、intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the c

15、urrent versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States12.2 Federal Regulations:316 CFR 1303 Ban of Lead-Containing Paint and Certain Consumer Produc

16、ts Bearing Lead-Containing Paint16 CFR 1500 Hazardous Substances Act Regulations including sections:16 CFR 1500.48 Technical Requirements for Determining a Sharp Point in Toys or Other Articles Intended for Use by ChildrenUnder Eight Years of Age16 CFR 1500.49 Technical Requirements for Determining

17、a Sharp Metal or Glass Edge in Toys or Other Articles Intended forUse by Children Under Eight Years of Age16 CFR 1500.50-.52 Test Methods for Simulating Use and Abuse of Toys and Other Articles Intended for Use by Children16 CFR 1501 Method for Identifying Toys and Other Articles Intended for Use by

18、 Children Under Three Years of Age WhichPresent Choking, Aspiration or Ingestion Hazards Because of Small PartsConsumer Product Safety Improvement Act2.3 ANSI Standards:4ANSI Z535.4 American National Standard for Product Safety Signs and LabelsANSI Z535.6 American National Standard: Product Safety I

19、nformation in Product Manuals, Instructions, and Other CollateralMaterials3. Terminology3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.1.1 add-on changing unit, na rigid addition to or separate product used in conjunction with an item of furniture that providesbarriers to prevent the infant fr

20、om rolling off the product when a diaper is being changed.3.1.2 barrier, nany component of the changing product intended to prevent a child from rolling or falling off the changingsurface.3.1.3 changing pad, na flat or contoured pad specifically designed for the purpose of changing the diaper of a c

21、hild with abody weight of up to 30 lb (13.6 kg) on an elevated surface. The child is placed on the pad during the process of changing.3.1.4 changing productone of the following: changing table, changing table accessory, add-on changing unit, contouredchanging pad.3.1.5 changing surface, nthe surface

22、 that is in direct contact with the child when the changing product is in the manufacturersrecommended use position.3.1.6 changing table, nan elevated, freestanding structure generally designed to support and retain a child with a body weightof up to 30 lb (13.6 kg) in a horizontal position for the

23、purpose of allowing a caregiver to change the childs diaper. Changing tablesmay convert from or to other items of furniture, such as, but not limited to, a dresser, desk, hutch, bookshelf, or play yard, mayhave pull-out or drop-down changing surfaces, and may provide storage for diapers and diaper p

24、roducts.3.1.7 changing table accessoryan accessory that attaches to a crib or play yard designed to convert the product into a changingtable typically having a rigid frame with soft fabric or mesh sides or bottom surface, or both.3.1.8 conspicuous, adjvisible when the changing product is in any manu

25、facturers recommended use position, to a person ina position normally associated with the task of changing a childs diaper.3.1.9 contoured changing pad, na changing pad designed for use on an elevated surface which incorporates barriers to preventa child from rolling off the changing surface.3.1.10

26、double action release mechanism,system, na release mechanism that requires requiring either two consecutive actions,the first of which must be maintained while the second is carried out, or two separate and independent single action lockingmechanisms that must be activated simultaneously simultaneou

27、s actions to fully release.3.1.11 key structural elements, nside assemblies, end assemblies, base assemblies, leg assemblies, primary changing surfacesupports, or other components designed to support the weight of the occupant, or a combination thereof (see Fig. 1).3.1.12 manufacturers recommended u

28、se position(s), nany position that is presented as a normal, allowable, or acceptableconfiguration for the use of the product as a diaper changer by the manufacturer in any descriptive or instructional literature. Thisspecifically excludes positions that the manufacturer shows in a like manner in it

29、s literature to be unacceptable, unsafe, or notrecommended.3.1.13 non-paper label, nany label (material such as plastic or metal) which either will not tear without the aid of tools, ortears leaving a sharp defined edge.3.1.14 paper label, nany label material that tears without the aid of tools and

30、leaves a fibrous edge.3.1.15 protective component, nany component used for protection from sharp edges, points, or entrapment of fingers or toes.3 Available from U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC), Washington, D.C. 20207, website: www.cpsc.gov.4 Available from American National Standards

31、 Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St., 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http:/www.ansi.org.F2388 1823.1.15.1 DiscussionExamples of protective components include caps, sleeves, and plugs.3.1.16 secondary support component, na strap, bar, rod, or other component that is consumer installed and provides added

32、support, to the changing surface of the changing table.3.1.17 self-folding steps, nsteps which must be held open by an adult caregiver that, when released, fold away and latchautomatically into their normally closed position.3.1.18 support surface, na surface to which a changing pad, changing table

33、accessory, or add-on changing unit may bemounted according to manufacturers instructions.3.1.19 threaded fastener, na discrete piece of hardware that has internal or external screw threads which is used for theassembly of multiple parts and facilitates disassembly.4. Calibration and Standardization4

34、.1 All testing shall be conducted on a concrete floor, which may be covered with 18-in. (3-mm) thick vinyl flooring cover,unless test instructs differently.4.2 Unless otherwise noted, the product shall be completely assembled in accordance with the manufacturers instructions,including any pad suppli

35、ed by the manufacturer or pad the manufacturer requires, for product to be used as a changing table.4.3 No testing shall be conducted within 48 h of manufacturing.4.4 The product to be tested shall be placed in a room with ambient temperature of 73 6 9F (23 6 5C) for at least 1 h priorto testing. Te

36、sting shall then be conducted within this temperature range.4.5 All testing required by this specification shall be conducted on the same unit.5. General Requirements5.1 Sharp Points and EdgesThere shall be no hazardous sharp points or sharp edges as defined by 16 CFR 1500.48 and 16CFR 1500.49 befor

37、e and after testing to this specification.5.2 Small PartsThere shall be no small parts as defined by 16 CFR 1501 before testing or liberated as a result of testing tothis specification.5.3 Surface CoatingsThe paint or surface coating on the product shall comply with 16 CFR 1303.5.4 Wood PartsPrior t

38、o testing, any exposed wood parts shall be smooth and free from splinters.5.5 OpeningsHoles or slots that extend entirely through a wall section of any rigid material less than 0.375-in. (9.53-mm)thick and admit a 0.210-in. (5.33-mm) diameter rod shall also admit a 0.375-in. (9.53-mm) diameter rod.

39、Holes or slots that arebetween 0.210 in. (5.33 mm) and 0.375 in. (9.53 mm) and have a wall thickness less than 0.375 in. (9.53 mm) but are limited indepth to 0.375-in. (9.53-mm) maximum by another rigid surface shall be permissible (see Fig. 2). The product shall be evaluatedin all manufacturers use

40、 positions.FIG. 1 Example of Secondary Support ComponentF2388 1835.6 A changing table accessory, when attached in the manufacturers recommended use position to a full-size crib ornon-full-size crib/play yard, shall conform to the requirements of this specification and the applicable requirements of

41、ConsumerSafety Specification F1169 or F406, respectively.5.7 ToysToy accessories attached to, removable from, or sold with a changing product, as well as their means of attachment,must meet applicable requirements of Consumer Safety Specification F963.5.8 Threaded Fasteners:5.8.1 Wood Screws and She

42、et Metal Screws:5.8.1.1 No changing table shall require consumer assembly of key structural elements using wood screws or sheet metalfasteners directly into wood components. This shall not apply to non-key structural elements such as drawers, secondary supportcomponents, other storage components, ac

43、cessory items and the fasteners used for attaching contoured pads and add-on changingunits to other supporting furniture.This shall also not apply to the fasteners used for changing tables which are also clothing storageunits which fall under the scope of Safety Specification F2057.5.8.2 Metal inser

44、ts, with external wood screw threads for screwing into a wood component and providing internal machinethreads to accommodate a machine screw, that are used to secure key structural elements shall be glued or include other meansto impede loosening or detaching.5.8.3 Metal threaded fasteners, such as

45、sheet metal screws and machine screws, secured into metal components and used toattach key structural elements shall have lock washers, self-locking nuts, or other means to impede loosening as defined in 6.26.1or detachment during the testing required by this specification.FIG. 2 Opening ExamplesF23

46、88 1845.9 Protective ComponentsIf the child can grasp protective components between the thumb and forefinger, or teeth, or if thereis at least a 0.04-in. (1.0-mm) gap between the protective component and its adjacent parent component, such component shall notbe removed when tested in accordance with

47、 7.1. All protective components that are accessible to a child in/on the product oraccessible to a child from any position around the product shall be evaluated.5.10 Product must comply with the applicable requirements of the Consumer Product Safety Improvement Act.5.11 Scissoring, Shearing, and Pin

48、chingThe product, when in the manufacturers recommended use position(s), shall bedesigned and constructed to prevent injury to the occupant from any scissoring, shearing, or pinching when members orcomponents rotate about a common axis or fastening point, slide, pivot, fold, or otherwise move relati

49、ve to one another. Scissoring,FIG. 3 Tension Test ClampFIG. 4 Stability TestF2388 185shearing, or pinching that may cause injury exists when the edges of the rigid parts admit a probe greater than 0.210 in. (5.33 mm)and less than 0.375 in. (9.53 mm) in diameter at any accessible point throughout the range of motion of such parts.5.12 If the changing product can be converted into another product for which a consumer safety specification exists, the productshall comply with the applicable requirements of that standard when in that us