ASTM F2388-2015 Standard Consumer Safety Specification for Baby Changing Tables for Domestic Use《家用婴儿换尿布桌的标准消费安全规范》.pdf

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1、Designation: F2388 09F2388 15Standard Consumer Safety Specification forBaby Changing Tables for Domestic Use1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F2388; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of las

2、t revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.INTRODUCTIONThis consumer safety specification addresses incidents associated with baby changing tablesidentified by the U.S. Consume

3、r Product Safety Commission (CPSC). Incidents involved collapse,falls from the table, and entrapment in structural members.In response to incident data collected by CPSC, this consumer safety specification attempts tominimize the risk of injury and death due to: (1) falls from changing tables, (2) f

4、ailure of structuralor mechanical components, (3) instability and entrapment in openings in the table structure. Thisspecification also contains requirements for warnings and instructional materials directed to parents orcaregivers.1. Scope1.1 This consumer safety specification covers performance re

5、quirements, test methods, and labeling requirements to promotethe safe use of baby changing tables and other changing surfacesproducts such as contoured changing pads and add-on changingunits that are sold separately for use on furniture products other than changing tables.1.2 This specification cov

6、ers products sold for domestic use for children up to a weight of 30 lb (13.6 kg).1.3 Changing tables and other changing products sold separately, such as contoured changing pads and add-on changing unitsshall meet all applicable performance and labeling requirements.1.4 No changing table, contoured

7、 changing pad, or add-on changing unit produced after the approval date of this specificationshall, either by label or other means, indicate compliance with this specification unless it conforms to all applicable requirementscontained herein, before, and after all testing.1.5 The values stated in in

8、ch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematicalconversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.6 The following precautionary caveat pertains only to the test method portion in Section 7 of this specifica

9、tion. This standarddoes not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of thisstandard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory requirements prior touse.2. Referenced D

10、ocuments2.1 ASTM Standards:2D3359 Test Methods for Measuring Adhesion by Tape TestF406 Consumer Safety Specification for Non-Full-Size Baby Cribs/Play YardsF963 Consumer Safety Specification for Toy Safety2.2 Federal Regulations:316 CFR 1303 Ban of Lead-Containing Paint and Certain Consumer Products

11、 Bearing Lead-Containing Paint16 CFR 1500 Hazardous Substances Act Regulations including sections:1 This consumer safety specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F15 on Consumer Products and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F15.18on Cribs, Toddler Beds, Play Yards, Bassi

12、nets, Cradles and Changing Tables.Current edition approved Aug. 1, 2009April 1, 2015. Published September 2009May 2015. Originally approved in 2004. Last previous edition approved in 20082009 asF2388 08a.F2388 09. DOI: 10.1520/F2388-09.10.1520/F2388-15.2 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM w

13、ebsite, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.3 Available from U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC), Washington, D.C. 20207, website: www.cpsc.g

14、ov.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior

15、editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States116 CFR 1500.48 Technical Requirements for Det

16、ermining a Sharp Point in Toys or OtherArticles Intended for Use by ChildrenUnder Eight Years of Age16 CFR 1500.49 Technical Requirements for Determining a Sharp Metal or Glass Edge in Toys or Other Articles Intended forUse by Children Under Eight Years of Age16 CFR 1500.50-.52 Test Methods for Simu

17、lating Use and Abuse of Toys and Other Articles Intended for Use by Children16 CFR 1501 Method for Identifying Toys and Other Articles Intended for Use by Children Under Three Years of Age WhichPresent Choking, Aspiration or Ingestion Hazards Because of Small Parts3. Terminology3.1 Definitions of Te

18、rms Specific to This Standard:3.1.1 add-on changing unit, na rigid addition to or separate product used in conjunction with an item of furniture that providesa changing surface and barriers or barriers, or both, to prevent the infant from rolling off the product when a diaper is beingchanged.3.1.2 b

19、arrier, nany material or surface component of the contoured changing pad, add-on changing unit, or changing tableintended to prevent a child from rolling or falling off the changing surface.3.1.3 changing pad, na flat or contoured pad specifically designed for the purpose of changing the diaper of a

20、 child with abody weight of up to 30 lb (13.6 kg) on an elevated surface. The child is placed on the pad during the process of changing.3.1.4 changing surface, nthe surface that is in direct contact with the child when the changing table, contoured changing pad,or add-on changing unit is in the manu

21、facturersmanufacturers recommended use position.3.1.5 changing table, nan elevated, freestanding structure generally designed to support and retain a child with a body weightof up to 30 lb (13.6 kg) in a horizontal position for the purpose of allowing a caregiver to change the childs diaper. Changin

22、g tablesmay convert from or to other items of furniture, such as, but not limited to, a dresser, desk, hutch, bookshelf, or play yard, mayhave pull-out or drop-down changing surfaces, and may provide storage for diapers and diaper products.3.1.6 conspicuous, adjlabel that, when the changing table, c

23、hanging pad, or add-on changing unit is in a manufacturersrecommended use position, is visible to a person standing in front of the table in a position normally associated with the task ofchanging a childs diaper.3.1.7 contoured changing pad, na changing pad designed for use on an elevated surface w

24、hich incorporates barriers to preventa child from rolling off the changing surface.3.1.8 manufacturers recommended use position(s), nany position that is presented as a normal, allowable, or acceptableconfiguration for the use of the product as a diaper changer by the manufacturer in any descriptive

25、 or instructional literature. Thisspecifically excludes positions that the manufacturer shows in a like manner in its literature to be unacceptable, unsafe, or notrecommended.3.1.9 non-paper label, nany label (material such as plastic or metal) which either will not tear without the aid of tools, or

26、 tearsleaving a sharp defined edge.3.1.10 paper label, nany label material that tears without the aid of tools and leaves a fibrous edge.3.1.11 support surface, na surface to which a changing pad or add-on changing unit may be mounted according tomanufacturers instructions.4. Calibration and Standar

27、dization4.1 All testing shall be conducted on a concrete floor, which may be covered with 18-in. (3-mm) thick vinyl flooring cover,unless test instructs differently.4.2 Unless otherwise noted, the product shall be completely assembled in accordance with the manufacturers instructions,including any p

28、ad supplied by the manufacturer or pad the manufacturer requires, for product to be used as a changing table.4.3 No testing shall be conducted within 48 h of manufacturing.4.4 The product to be tested shall be placed in a room with ambient temperature of 73 6 9F (23 6 5C) for at least 1 h priorto te

29、sting. Testing shall then be conducted within this temperature range.4.5 All testing required by this specification shall be conducted on the same unit.5. General Requirements5.1 Sharp Points and EdgesThere shall be no hazardous sharp points or sharp edges as defined by 16 CFR 1500.48 and 16CFR 1500

30、.49 before and after testing to this specification.5.2 Small PartsThere shall be no small parts as defined by 16 CFR 1501 before testing or liberated as a result of testing tothis specification.5.3 Surface CoatingsThe paint or surface coating on the product shall comply with 16 CFR 1303.F2388 1525.4

31、 Wood PartsPrior to testing, any exposed wood parts shall be smooth and free from splinters.5.5 OpeningsHoles or slots that extend entirely through a wall section of any rigid material less than 0.375-in. (9.53-mm)thick and admit a 0.210-in. (5.33-mm) diameter rod shall also admit a 0.375-in. (9.53-

32、mm) diameter rod. Holes or slots that arebetween 0.210 in. (5.33 mm) and 0.375 in. (9.53 mm) and have a wall thickness less than 0.375 in. (9.53 mm) but are limited indepth to 0.375-in. (9.53-mm) maximum by another rigid surface shall be permissible (see Fig. 1). The product shall be evaluatedin all

33、 manufacturers use positions.5.6 Changing tables or add-on changing units intended to be attached to a non-full-size crib/play yard shall conform to therequirements of this specification and Consumer Safety Specification F406 when attached in the manufacturers recommended useposition.5.7 ToysToy acc

34、essories attached to, removable from, or sold with a changing table, contoured changing pad, or an add-onchanging unit, as well as their means of attachment, must meet applicable requirements of Consumer Safety Specification F963.6. Performance Requirements6.1 Protective ComponentsIf a child can gra

35、sp protective components between the thumb and forefinger, or teeth, such ascaps, sleeves, or plugs used for protection from sharp edges, points, or entrapment of fingers or toes, or if there is at least a 0.040-in.(1.00-mm) gap between the protective component and its adjacent parent component, suc

36、h protective component shall not beremoved when tested in accordance with 7.1.FIG. 1 Opening ExamplesF2388 1536.2 Structural IntegrityWhen tested in accordance with 7.2, there shall be no breakage of the unit, nor shall it fail to conformwith any other requirements in this specification before and a

37、fter all testing.NOTE 1Contoured changing pads and add-on changing units that are sold separately are exempt from this requirement.6.3 StabilityWhen tested in accordance with 7.3, the unit shall not tip over.NOTE 2Contoured changing pads and add-on changing units that are sold separately are exempt

38、from this requirement.6.4 Barriers:FIG. 2 Tension Test ClampFIG. 3 Stability TestF2388 1546.4.1 Each changing table, contoured changing pad, or add-on changing unit shall include barriers as an integral part of theproduct.6.4.2 For changing tables with a flat changing surface, barriers shall be prov

39、ided around all sides of the changing surface.6.4.3 Changing tables and add-on changing units with a contoured changing pad and contoured changing pads sold separatelyshall have barriers on the two opposing long sides.6.4.4 When tested in accordance with 7.4, barriers shall prevent the test cylinder

40、 from falling from the changing surface andshall not break or fail to conform with the requirements of Section 5.6.5 Barriers: Retention of Contoured Changing Pads and Add-on Changing Units6.4.1 Each changing table, contoured changing pad, or add-on changing unit shall include barriers as an integra

41、l part of theproduct. This requirement applies to contoured changing pads and other add-on changing units sold with or independent of achanging table.FIG. 4 Barrier Retention TestFIG. 5 Torso ProbeF2388 1556.4.2 For changing tables with a flat changing surface, barriers shall be provided on all side

42、s of the changing surface.NOTE 3Non-full-size cribs/play yards are exempt from this requirement, as they must comply with the retention and opening/entrapment requirementsspecified in Consumer Safety Specification F406, “Entrapment in Attachments” Section.6.4.3 Changing tables and add-on changing un

43、its with a contoured changing pad and contoured changing pads sold separatelyshall have barriers on the two opposing long sides.6.4.4 When tested in accordance with 7.4, barriers shall prevent the test cylinder from falling from the changing surface andshall not break or fail to conform with the req

44、uirements of Section 5.6.4.5 Retention of Contoured Changing Pads and Add-on Changing UnitsThis requirement applies to contoured changingpads and other add-on changing units sold with or independent of a changing table.NOTE 3Non-full-size cribs/play yards are exempt from this requirement, as they mu

45、st comply with the retention and opening/entrapment requirementsspecified in Consumer Safety Specification F406, “Entrapment in Attachments” Section.6.5.1 When tested in accordance with 7.4, a contoured changing pad or add-on changing unit shall not shift or slide more than1 in. (25 mm) in any direc

46、tion from its original position.6.5.1.1 If tabs or straps are provided to secure the contoured changing pad, when tested in accordance with 7.4, the pad shallnot shift or slide more than 1 in. (25 mm) in a direction opposite from the edge containing attachment tabs or straps.6.6 Entrapment in Enclos

47、ed OpeningsWhen tested in accordance with 7.5, there shall be no completely bounded openings(openings surrounded by a boundary on all sides) anywhere in the structure of a changing table that permit the is accessible to theoccupant or a child around the base of the unit and that permits the free pas

48、sage of the torso probe shown in Fig. 5 unless theyalso permit the free passage of the 9.0-in. (229-mm) diameter probe shown in Fig. 6.6.7 Entrapment by ShelvesWhen tested in accordance with the procedure in 7.6, any shelf above 4.3 in. (109 mm) from thefloor that, because its movement may expose an

49、 opening that could entrap a childs head, shall not permit the entire passage ofthe small head probe shown in Fig. 7 through the exposed opening. Excluded from this requirement are pullout drawers and shelvesenclosed within a cabinet equipped with a door(s).7. Test Methods7.1 Removal of Protective ComponentsProtective components shall be tested in accordance with each of the followingmethods in the sequence listed.7.1.1 Torque Test: TestGradually apply a torque of 3 lbf-in. (0.3 N-m) within a period of 5 s in a clockwise directio