ASTM F939-2018 Standard Practice for Selection of Release Torque Values for Alpine Ski Bindings《高山滑雪捆绑物释放扭矩值选择的标准实施规程》.pdf

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1、Designation: F939 12F939 18Standard Practice forSelection of Release Torque Values for Alpine Ski Bindings1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F939; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of originaladoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last r

2、evision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscriptepsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.INTRODUCTIONAdhering to these guidelines may help to reduce the risk of injuries resulting from improper releasetorque selection. However, s

3、kiing involves inherent risks. Injury can result from simply falling down,impact with another object, or from many other actions. Many injuries are unrelated to bindingrelease/retention characteristics. Furthermore, even a properly adjusted binding cannot release underall injury-producing loads or r

4、etain at all times when retention is desired. Therefore, it is to be clearlyunderstood that compliance with these guidelines in no way guarantees that injury can be prevented.1. Scope1.1 This practice provides procedures for the selection of release torque values for Alpine ski/boot/bindings systems

5、. Theseprocedures may be used by ski binding manufacturers in their instructions for installation and use and by ski shops for theadjustment of already mounted ski bindings.1.2 This practice is applicable to releasable Alpine ski/boot/binding systems.1.3 Release torque values selected using this pra

6、ctice may not be appropriate for circumstances in which:1.3.1 The skier carries an object that significantly increases the skiers effective body weight,1.3.2 The skier grasps or in some manner controls an object such as a sled, or1.3.3 The skier encounters exceptional snow or terrain conditions not

7、commonly found on developed ski slopes.1.4 This practice may be inappropriate for non-mechanical bindings or bindings used with boots that reach more than half wayup the lower leg.1.5 Release torque values outside the recommendations of this practice may increase the risk of injury to the skier. How

8、ever,skiers who are informed of this potential risk may request such settings and have them provided, subject to any guidelines andlimitations specified by the binding manufacturer.1.6 These values refer to recommended release torque for initial adjustment of a ski binding and subsequent readjustmen

9、t ofthe binding during routine maintenance or following a suspected malfunction. However, these values are not intended to apply tothe condition of the equipment at any time after it is put into use.1.6.1 For information concerning applicable tolerances to be used for the adjustment and inspection o

10、f releasable Alpine skibindings in retail operations consult Practice F1063; for rental applications consult Practice F1064.1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilityof the user of this standard to establish app

11、ropriate safety safety, health, and healthenvironmental practices and determine theapplicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardizationestablished in the Decision on Principles f

12、or the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issuedby the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.1 This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F27 on Snow Skiingand Water Sports and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee

13、F27.10 on BindingTest Procedures.Current edition approved June 1, 2012Jan. 1, 2018. Published June 2012March 2018. Originally approved in 1985. Last previous edition approved in 20062012 asF939 06.F939 12. DOI: 10.1520/F0939-12.10.1520/F0939-18.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended o

14、nly to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current ver

15、sionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States12. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2F504 Test Method for Measuring the Quasi-Static Release Mome

16、nts of Alpine Ski BindingsF1061 Specification for Ski Binding Test DevicesF1063 Practice for Functional Inspections and Adjustments of Alpine Ski/Binding/Boot SystemsF1064 Practice for Sampling and Inspection of Complete and Incomplete Alpine Ski/Binding/Boot Systems in RentalApplications2.2 ISO Sta

17、ndard:38061 Method for the Selection of Release Torque Values3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 release/retention settingsrelease torque of the ski/boot/binding system in twist (Mz) and forward lean (My) as definedin Test Method F504.3.1.2 skier typeclassification selected by the skier for the type

18、 of skiing to be undertaken.3.1.2.1 Idesignation that provides lower than average release/retention settings; corresponds to an increased risk ofinadvertent binding release in order to gain releasability in a fall; also applies to entry-level skiers uncertain of their classification.3.1.2.2 IIdesign

19、ation that provides average release/retention settings appropriate for most recreational skiing; applies to skiersnot classified as in Type I or III.3.1.2.3 IIIdesignation that provides higher than average release/retention settings; corresponds to decreased releasability in afall in order to gain a

20、 decreased risk of inadvertent binding release.3.1.3 (/)symbol that separates skier type designations; used when, as a result of troubleshooting, different skier types havebeen selected for determining twist (Mx) and forward lean (My) release/retention settings; shown in the order (twist/forward lea

21、n)or (T/H) to denote toe piece (T) and heel piece (H) of the ski binding. Other conventions may be used to record different skiertypes for twist and forward lean when required by the documentation.NOTE 1See Appendix X2 for examples of other definitions of skier type.3.1.4 normal settingsrelease/rete

22、ntion settings derived through the use of Skier Types I, II, and III.3.1.5 discretionary settingsrelease/retention settings higher or lower than the normal setting range3.1.5.1 ()symbol that when placed to the left of Type I provides release/retention settings lower than Type I; corresponds toa furt

23、her increase in the risk of inadvertent binding release in order to gain increased releasability in a fall.3.1.5.2 (+)symbol that when placed to the right of Type III provides release/retention settings higher than Type III;corresponds to a further decrease in releasability in a fall in order to gai

24、n a decreased risk of inadvertent binding release.4. Significance and Use4.1 The use of these definitions in determining the release setting may be inappropriate for some types of competitive skiingor competition training.4.2 The release torque values derived through these procedures are applicable

25、to ski binding test devices defined bySpecification F1061.5. Procedures5.1 A range of twist release torque values (Mz) based on the mass of the skier is calculated from the equations given in 5.1.1 5.1.3.5.1.1 Upper Limit for Twist, Mzin N-m is determined by the following equations:5.1.1.1 If the ma

26、ss of the skier is less than 70 kg:Mz 50.84 ms14 (1)5.1.1.2 If the mass of the skier is greater than or equal to 70 kg:Mz 50.69 ms115 (2)where:ms = the mass of the skier in kg.2 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For

27、 Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.3 Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St., 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036.F939 1825.1.2 Lower Value for Twist, Mz, in N-m is determined by the followi

28、ng equations:5.1.2.1 If the mass of the skier is less than 75 kg:Mz 50.71 ms (3)5.1.2.2 If the mass of the skier is greater than or equal to 75 kg:Mz 50.59 ms19 (4)where:ms = is the mass of the skier in kg.5.1.3 Ski binding manufacturers should not recommend release torque values higher than the upp

29、er limit of this range but mayrecommend settings below the lower limit. Manufacturers may provide additional information to guide the installer and user in theselection of such values.5.2 If the mass of the skier is greater than the maximum recommended mass for his or her height (h), use release tor

30、que valuescorresponding to his or her maximum recommended mass, mr max, which is given by the following equation:mrmax5100h 21! (5)for h 1.5 m,where:h = s the height of the skier in m.5.3 The recommended release torque is adjusted for skier type, age, and other factors as follows:5.3.1 The skier typ

31、e adjustment for normal settings is (10 to 20) % for I, 0 % for II, and + (10 to 20) % for III or 3 Nm,whichever is greater. The adjustment for discretionary settings should be (10 to 20) % less than the Type I setting for ()I and (10to 20) % greater than the Type III setting for III(+), or 3 N-m, w

32、hichever is greater.5.3.2 The age adjustment for skiers age 9 years and younger or 50 years and older is (10 to 20) % or 3 Nm, whichever isgreater.5.4 The release torque in forward lean, My, is calculated in terms of the skier type and age adjusted value of My in N-m by thefollowing equation:My 5Mz3

33、.610.0065 N21 m21 Mz! (6)5.4.1 The Mz value used for this calculation may be based on any value that meets the requirements of 5.1.1 5.3.2.5.5 The equations in Section 5 provide recommended release torque values as functions of the input data. If a calculator is notused or its use is not required by

34、 the binding manufacturer or binding tester manufacturer the discrete values given in AppendixX1 may be considered an acceptable approximation of the functions provided in this practice. When calculating the upper andlower limits for the range of twist release torque values (Mz) for use in Table X1.

35、1, the Mz value to be used will reflect anyadjustments for skier type as well as age.5.6 Appendix X1.3.1 provides an example of information for skiers dissatisfied with the release/retention performance of theirski/boot/binding system.6. Keywords6.1 discretionary settings; normal settings; release/r

36、etention settings; release system; release torque; ski binding; skier typeAPPENDIXES(Nonmandatory Information)X1. EXAMPLE OF A RELEASE VALUE SELECTION TABLE USING DISCRETE VALUESX1.1 Skier Type SelectionX1.1.1 Refer all skiers to the Skier Type Classification Poster, Appendix X2, and check that the

37、skiers selection is recordedclearly.X1.1.2 When troubleshooting release/retention problems, refer skiers who, from experience, have been dissatisfied with theirrelease/retention settings to the Information for Skiers Requesting Discretionary Settings, Appendix X3.F939 183X1.1.2.1 If a skier selects

38、different skier types for toe and heel piece, record the choice with a (/) separating the two types, in theorder toe/heel (T/H).X1.1.3 If a skier selects discretionary settings lower than those derived from Type I, record this selection with a () symbol to theleft of Type I.X1.1.4 If a skier selects

39、 discretionary settings higher than those derived from Type III, record this selection with a (+) symbol tothe right of Type III.X1.2 Skier Code DeterminationX1.2.1 Note the skiers weight, height, age, and skier type.X1.2.2 In Table X1.1 find the skier code that corresponds to the skiers weight and

40、the skier code that corresponds to theskiersskiers height.X1.2.3 If the skier codes are different, select the skier code closer to the top of the table.X1.2.4 This skier code is for a Type I skier. For a Type II skier, move down the table one skier code. For a Type III skier, movedown the table two

41、skier codes. This classification is not recommended for skiers 47 lb (21 kg) and under.X1.2.5 If the skier is age 9 and younger or 50 and older, move up the table one skier code.TABLE X1.1 Release Value SelectionSkier Weight Skier Height SkierCodeReference Torque, N-mTwist ForwardLean5 1822 to 29 lb

42、sA (10 to 13 kg) A 8 2922 to 29 lbA (10 to 13 kg) A 8 2930 to 38 lbsB (14 to 17 kg) B 11 4030 to 38 lbB (14 to 17 kg) B 11 4039 to 47 lbs (18 to 21 kg) C 14 5239 to 47 lb (18 to 21 kg) C 14 5248 to 56 lbs (22 to 25 kg) D 17 6448 to 56 lb (22 to 25 kg) D 17 6457 to 66 lbs (26 to 30 kg) E 20 7557 to 6

43、6 lb (26 to 30 kg) E 20 7567 to 78 lbs (31 to 35 kg) F 23 8767 to 78 lb (31 to 35 kg) F 23 8779 to 91 lbs (36 to 41 kg) G 27 10279 to 91 lb (36 to 41 kg) G 27 10292 to 107 lbs (42 to 48 kg) 4 ft, 10 in. or less (148 cm or less) H 31 12092 to 107 lb (42 to 48 kg) 4 ft, 10 in. or less (148 cm or less)

44、 H 31 120108 to 125 lbs (49 to 57 kg) 4 ft, 11 in. to 5 ft, 1 in. (149 to 157 cm) I 37 141108 to 125 lb (49 to 57 kg) 4 ft, 11 in. to 5 ft, 1 in. (149 to 157 cm) I 37 141126 to 147 lbs (58 to 66 kg) 5 ft, 2 in. to 5 ft, 5 in. (158 to 166 cm) J 43 165126 to 147 lb (58 to 66 kg) 5 ft, 2 in. to 5 ft, 5

45、 in. (158 to 166 cm) J 43 165148 to 174 lbs (67 to 78 kg) 5 ft, 6 in. to 5 ft, 10 in. (167 to 178 cm) K 50 194148 to 174 lb (67 to 78 kg) 5 ft, 6 in. to 5 ft, 10 in. (167 to 178 cm) K 50 194175 to 209 lbs (79 to 94 kg) 5 ft, 11 in. to 6 ft, 4 in. (179 to 194 cm) L 58 229175 to 209 lb (79 to 94 kg) 5

46、 ft, 11 in. to 6 ft, 4 in. (179 to 194 cm) L 58 229210 lbs or greater (95 kg or greater) 6 ft, 5 in. or greater (195 cm or greater) M 67 271210 lb or greater (95 kg or greater) 6 ft, 5 in. or greater (195 cm or greater) M 67 271N 78 320O 91 380P 105 452122 536142 640A For skiers 29 lbslb and under,

47、no further correction is appropriate.B For skiers 38 lbslb and under, Skier TypeI is inappropriate.F939 184X1.2.6 If separate toe and heel skier types were selected by the skier, steps 4 and 5 above must be repeated for the second skiertype and the resulting skier codes recorded in the order T/H.X1.

48、3 Release Torque DeterminationX1.3.1 Discrete Twist and Forward Lean release torque values are located at the intersection of the Skier Code row and theReference Torque column in Table X1.1.F939 185X2. Example of Skier Type Classification PosterX2.1Artwork and all text in italic type are optional.Se

49、eF939 186Fig. X2.1.FIG. X2.1 Skier Type Classification PosterF939 187X3. Example of Information for Skiers Dissatisfied with the Release/Retention Performance of Their Ski/Boot/Binding SystemX3.1See Fig. X3.1.F939 188FIG. X3.1 Information for Skiers Dissatisfied with Release/Retention Performance of Ski/Boot/Binding SystemF939 189ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determinati