ASTM F726-2012 Standard Test Method for Sorbent Performance of Adsorbents《吸附剂吸着性能的标准试验方法》.pdf

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1、Designation:F72606 Designation: F726 12Standard Test Method forSorbent Performance of Adsorbents1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F726; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of originaladoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.An

2、umber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscriptepsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers laboratory tests that describe th

3、e performance of adsorbents in removing nonemulsified oils andother floating, immiscible liquids from the surface of water.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. I

4、t is the responsibilityof the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatorylimitations prior to use. Specific precautionary statements are given in 8.3.1.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D2859 Test Method for Igniti

5、on Characteristics of Finished Textile Floor Covering MaterialsF716 Test Methods for Sorbent Performance of Absorbents2.2 Federal Standard:Fed. Std. No. 141a Paint, Varnish, Lacquer and Related Materials, Methods of Inspection, Sampling and Testing32.3 Military Specification:MIL-I-631D Insulation, E

6、lectric, Synthetic Resin Composition, Nonrigid33. Terminology3.1 General Terminology:3.1.1 gellanta material such as a colloidal network or other aggregate network that pervades and holds a liquid in a highlyviscous fragile structure. Many gels may rapidly liquify with added heat or ionic/polar addi

7、tion. These materials aresoluble/flowable in excess liquid.3.1.2 sorbentan insoluble material or mixture of materials used to recover liquids through the mechanisms of absorption oradsorption, or both.3.1.3 thickenera material (usually of higher molecular weight) that is soluble in excess liquid. Th

8、ese materials go from dryto gummy (viscoelastic) to flowable and then soluble. The final viscosity depends only on the liquid to solid ratio.3.1.4 universal sorbentan insoluble material or mixture of materials that will sorb both hydrophobic and hydrophilic liquidspills.3.2 Definitions:3.2.1 absorbe

9、nta material that picks up and retains a liquid distributed throughout its molecular structure causing the solidto swell (50 % or more). The absorbent is at least 70 % insoluble in excess fluid.3.2.2 adsorbentan insoluble material that is coated by a liquid on its surface including pores and capilla

10、ries without the solidswelling more than 50 % in excess liquid.3.2.3 adsorbent cubage factor “C”this is the ratio of sorbent volume used to the liquid volume sorbed.3.2.4 cubagedefines cubic content, volume, or displacement.3.3 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.3.1 This test method do

11、es not apply to belt, rope, or weir type skimming devices.1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F20 on Hazardous Substances and Oil Spill Response and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeF20.22 on Mitigation Actions.Current edition approved MayApril 1, 2006.2012. Publ

12、ished May 2006.April 2012. Originally approved in 1981. Last previous edition approved in 19992006 asF72699.F726 06. DOI: 10.1520/F0726-06.10.1520/F0726-12.2For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM

13、Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.3Available from Standardization Documents Order Desk, Bldg. 4 Section D, 700 Robbins Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19111-5094, Attn: NPODS.1This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the

14、 user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standar

15、d as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.3.3.2 oila substantially water immiscible organic liquid that will float on water (density less than 1 g/cm3), typically

16、withsurface tension less than 40 3 103N/m.3.3.3 Type I adsorbent (roll, film, sheet, pad, blanket, web)a material with length and width much greater than thickness andwhich has both linear form and strength sufficient to be handled either saturated or unsaturated.3.3.4 Type II adsorbent (loose)an un

17、consolidated, particulate material without sufficient form and strength to be handledexcept with scoops and similar equipment.3.3.5 Type III adsorbent (enclosed):3.3.5.1 IIIa, pillowsadsorbent material contained by an outer fabric or netting that has permeability to oil, but with openingssufficientl

18、y small so as to substantially retain the sorbent material within the fabric or netting.3.3.5.2 IIIb, adsorbent boomsadsorbent material contained by an outer fabric or netting that has permeability to or ispermeable to oil but with openings sufficiently small so as to substantially retain the sorben

19、t material within the fabric or netting.The lengthwise dimension substantially exceeds other dimensions and with strength members running parallel with length. Boomsare also provided with connections for coupling adsorbent booms together.3.3.6 Type IV-agglomeration unitan assemblage of strands, open

20、 netting, or other physical forms giving an open structure thatminimally impedes the intrusion into itself of high viscosity oils. Normally for use with viscous oils, typically above 10 000 cPviscosity. Said oils are then held in this structure permitting the composite oil/structure to be handled (p

21、ompoms).3.3.7 reusethe art of extracting adsorbed liquids from an adsorbent through rolls or other compression techniques permittingthe adsorbent to be used once again; limitations on reuse may include the U.S. Clean Water Act or other legal restrictions.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 The adsorbent ma

22、terial is tested using established standard tests for factors relating to storage, while specially developedtests are used for covering other performance factors. Oil and water adsorption strength, buoyancy, and reusability tests areincluded among these latter tests.5. Significance and Use5.1 This t

23、est method is to be used as a basis for comparison of adsorbents in a consistent manner.5.2 These tests are not appropriate for absorbent materials that are covered in Methods F716.NOTE 1Ensure that material compatibilities exist between the sorbent and the hazardous substance which may be sorbed.6.

24、 Apparatus6.1 Exterior Exposure Tester, sufficient to be used under Federal Test Standard 141a, Method 6152, or actual exposure asdetailed in 8.2.6.2 Test CellsThe dimensions of the test cells shall be large enough to enable the adsorbent sample to float freely within thetest cell. For Type I and Ty

25、pe II sorbents, the recommended test cell is a borosilicate 19 cm (diameter) by 10 cm (depth)crystallizing dish with a watch glass or glass plate cover. For larger samples, a 53 by 56 cm plastic sink (laundry tub or equivalent)to accommodate the sample is recommended.6.3 Mesh BasketsThe basket shall

26、 be of a sufficient size and strength to accommodate the sample size and weight (150 cm3,4 to 10 g minimum) when saturated. The basket must not be so tall as to interfere with a protective lid for the test cell.NOTE1The 2The mesh should retain the sorbent, yet allow free oil to drain away from the s

27、orbent.6.4 Shaker Table, capable of variable frequency from 20 to 240 cycles/min and variable amplitude of 1 to 4 cm. , capable ofa frequency of 150 cycles/min and an amplitude of 2.5 cm.6.5 Top Loading Balancefor Type I and II adsorbent, fitted with a hook or other handing mechanism, 400+ g maximum

28、capacity with 0.1 g resolution, or equivalent.6.6 Continuous Reading Hanging Scale, for Type III and IV adsorbent, fitted with a hook or other handing mechanism, 50+ kgmaximum capacity with 100 g resolution, or equivalent.7. Conditioning7.1 Condition all adsorbent test specimens at 23 6 4C and 70 6

29、20 % relative humidity for not less than 24 h prior to testing.Condition specimens in a fully exposed state with no coverings or wrapping that would hinder the ambient equilibration process.7.2 If temperature conditions other than normal room temperature are expected to be important, then conditioni

30、ng and testingshould be carried out at temperatures of interest in addition to those specified in 7.1.8. Tests for Storage Properties8.1 Storage DensityThe density of the sorbent sample is calculated by determining the weight of a known volume (standardsorbent package as delivered to the consumer) o

31、f the sorbent. If standard storage packages are not available, then the mass of atleast 1 L of sorbent is determined to calculate the storage density.8.2 MildewThe susceptibility of an adsorbent to mildew under normal storage is defined under MIL-1-631D, Section 3.5.7.The objective of this test is t

32、o determine expected shelf life under conditions which could lead to mildew.F726 1228.3 FlammabilityThe procedure for this test is described in Test Method D2859, the Methenamine Pill Test. This test relatesto ignition from a spark, cigarette, or other point source such as might be encountered in no

33、rmal shipping and storage. It shouldnot be inferred that an adsorbent that passes this test will fail to burn if ignited in another manner such as full building involvement,bonfire, and so forth, and it should likewise be understood that the test is limited to and pertains to only unsaturated adsorb

34、entsamples as normally supplied by the manufacturer.8.3.1 This test method should be used to measure and describe the properties of materials, products, or assemblies in responseto heat and flame under controlled laboratory conditions and should not be used to describe or appraise the fire hazard or

35、 firerisk of materials, products, assemblies under actual fire conditions. However, results of this test may be used as elements of a firerisk assessment which takes into account all of the factors which are pertinent to an assessment of the fire hazard of a particularend use.8.3.2 Test Type I adsor

36、bents as a single sheet or pad as supplied by the vendor.8.3.3 Uniformly arrange Type II adsorbents in a layer of sufficient size to fit the test apparatus. The thickness should be 1.5 mmuncompressed and arranged such that the bulk density is equal to that found in the packaged product as supplied b

37、y themanufacturer.8.3.4 Any type adsorbent can be tested in the package in which it is supplied by placing the standard Methenamine test maskon a flat portion of the package surface, and placing the pill in the center of the mask on the package and igniting it. Results wouldbe interpreted as in the

38、normal test.9. Tests for Performance Properties9.1 These tests involve the use of oils with a range of viscosities and densities as indicated below.Oil Type Viscosity Range Density Range ExampleLight 1to10cP 0.820 to 0.870 g/cm3Diesel fuelLight 1to10cP 0.820 to 0.870 g/cm3Diesel fuel,mineral oilMedi

39、um 200 to 400 cP 0.860 to 0.970 g/cm3Crude oil, canola oilMedium 200 to 400 cP 0.860 to 0.970 g/cm3Crude oil, canola oil,mineral oilHeavy 1500 to 2500 cP 0.930 to 1.000 g/cm3Bunker C or residualfuelHeavy 1500 to 2500 cP 0.930 to 1.000 g/cm3Bunker C or residualfuel, mineral oilWeathered 8000 to 10 00

40、0 cP 0.930 to 1.000 g/cm3Emulsified crude oilWeathered 8000 to 10 000 cP 0.930 to 1.000 g/cm3Emulsified crude oil,mineral oil9.2 Dynamic Degradation TestThis procedure is designed to test for water take-up and to determine oleophilic properties ofan adsorbent sample under dynamic conditions. This te

41、st is performed at 23 6 4C.9.2.1 Type I AdsorbentSample pieces of the adsorbent (four pieces cut with a sharp edge (to minimize compaction) intosquares of approximately 6 by 6 cm) are first weighed then placed ina4Ljarthat is half-filled with water and sealed. The containeris then placed on its side

42、 and mounted on a shaker table, or similar device, set at a frequency of 150 cycles per minute and anamplitude of 32.5 cm for a duration of 15 min. The contents of the jar are allowed to settle for a period of 2 min. Observationspertaining to the condition of the adsorbent and the condition of the w

43、ater are recorded. Any adsorbent pieces that do not remainfloating at the surface of the water are considered to have failed this test. The contents of the jar are strained through a mesh basketto catch the adsorbent samples, which are then weighed after a 30 s drain period. The water pick-up ratio

44、is calculated from theweight measurements (see 9.5).9.2.1.1 The jar is half-filled with fresh water and 3 mL of oil (medium crude, 300 cP oil, or equivalent) is added. The adsorbentsample is returned to the jar, which is then sealed. The jar is placed on its side and mounted on a shaker table, or si

45、milar device,set at a frequency of 150 cycles per minute and an amplitude of 32.5 cm for a duration of 15 min. The contents of the jar areallowed to settle for a period of 2 min, at which time observations are noted. Observations include but are not limited to: quantityof adsorbent submerged, physic

46、al appearance of adsorbent and water, and the persistence and color of residual test liquid sheen.9.2.2 Type II AdsorbentAn adsorbent sample (approximately 4 to 10 g or a maximum of 150 cm3) is first weighed then placedin a 4Ljar that is half-filled with water and sealed. The container is then place

47、d on its side and mounted on a shaker table, or similardevice, set at a frequency of 150 cycles per minute and an amplitude of 32.5 cm for a duration of 15 min. The contents of the jarare allowed to settle for a period of 2 min. Observations pertaining to the condition of the adsorbent and the condi

48、tion of the waterare recorded. If 10 % or more of the adsorbent material has sunk, then the adsorbent is considered to have failed this test. Thecontents of the jar are strained through a mesh basket to catch the adsorbent samples, which are then weighed after a 30 s drainperiod. The water pick-up r

49、atio is calculated from the weight measurements (see 9.5).9.2.2.1 The jar is half-filled with fresh water and 3 mL of oil (medium crude, 300 cP oil, or equivalent) is added. The adsorbentsample is returned to the jar, which is then sealed. The jar is placed on its side and mounted on a shaker table, or similar device,set at a frequency of 150 cycles per minute and an amplitude of 32.5 cm for a duration of 15 min. The contents of the jar areallowed to settle for a period of 2 min, at which time observations are noted. Observations include but are not l