ASTM F539-2001(2007) Standard Practice for Fitting Athletic Footwear《调整运动鞋使其合适的标准实施规范》.pdf

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1、Designation: F 539 01 (Reapproved 2007)An American National StandardStandard Practice forFitting Athletic Footwear1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F 539; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year

2、of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This practice covers a practical method for fittingathletic footwear. This practice is applicable to the following

3、general flexible types of footwear: running baseball, basketball,football, and tennis.1.2 There are as many variations in shoe forms and mate-rials available to users as there are variations in the anatomy ofthe users feet. Shoe forms are different due to manufacturersmaterials, type of construction

4、, and also the type of activityanticipated in its end use.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bil

5、ity of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Terminology2.1 Definitions:2.1.1 end use, nthe use for which the footwear is in-tended.2.1.2 last, na block or form shaped like a persons foot,used by shoemakers in building or repairing shoes and boots.2.1.3 improperly fitteda term descriptive of footwe

6、ar thatis either too loose or too tight on the foot for its intendedpurpose or protection thereof.2.1.4 subjectperson on whom foot measurements aremade.3. Significance and Use3.1 Improperly fitted footwear can cause discomfort, butmore importantly, prolonged use causes disfiguration of thebone struc

7、ture, bunions, corns, callouses, and finally fatigue,often leading to serious accidents. Footwear performance mayalso be diminished if improperly fitted.4. Apparatus4.1 Measuring Device,2suitable for performing the mea-surements described in this practice.5. Measurement Procedure5.1 Prepare the meas

8、uring device by setting the movablewidth bar to its widest position and with the movable ball toheel length indicator (pointer) slid back, so that the foot can beeasily positioned in the device (Fig. 1).5.2 The subject should be in a standing position duringmeasurement of the foot with footwear remo

9、ved from bothfeet. The subject should wear a sock similar to one that will beworn while wearing the footwear being fitted.5.3 Have the subject place their right heel in the areamarked for the right heel. The person being measured shouldstand with their weight distributed equally between both feet to

10、ensure that the foot has elongated to its maximum size. Toensure the heel is properly located in the back of the heel cup,grasp the ankle and device together (Fig. 2).5.4 Determination of Toe-to-Heel Length (Toe Length)Take measurement by looking straight down over the end ofthe toes. Make sure the

11、sock is pulled tightly over the toeswithout drawing the toes back. Press the toes down so that theylie flat against the base of the device and read the size of thelongest toe (not always the first toe). This is the toe-to-heelmeasurement (see Fig. 3).5.5 Determination of Ball-to-Heel Length (Arch Le

12、ngth)Place the thumb over the ball joint of the foot as shown in Fig.4 and move the pointer so that the inner curved side of thepointer fits around the ball joint of the foot and the two high1This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F08 on SportsEquipment and Facilities and is the d

13、irect responsibility of Subcommittee F08.54 onAthletic Footwear.Current edition approved May 1, 2007. Published August 2007. Originallyapproved in 1978. Last previous edition approved in 2001 as F 539 01.2The sole source of supply of the apparatus known to the committee at this timeis the Brannock D

14、evice Co., 509 East Fayette St., Syracuse, NY 13202. If you areaware of alternative suppliers, please provide this information to ASTM Interna-tional Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meetingof the responsible technical committee,1which you may attend.1Copyright AST

15、M International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.ribs of the pointer come in contact with the thumb as shown inFig. 4. When the pointer is in proper adjustment, the lowmiddle rib (marked A in Fig. 4) will be touching the bone onthe side of the foot

16、 (marked B in Fig. 4). This may be checkedwith the index finger. Read the size indicated by the pointer asthe arch length.5.6 Determination of Measured Foot Length in Terms ofShoe SizeCompare the arch length with the toe length and fitas follows:5.6.1 If the arch length and toe length measurements a

17、re thesame, the reading is the correct shoe size.5.6.2 If the arch length and toe length measurements differ,the shoe size should correspond to the larger of the twomeasurements.NOTE 1If the arch length is significantly larger than the toe-to-heelmeasurement, than a compromise between the two sizes

18、may be needed.5.7 Determination of WidthDetermine the width by slid-ing the width bar snugly to the edge of the foot, but do notsqueeze the foot. Select the number on the width bar that is thesame as the length size previously determined. Follow downthis line and observe which width area it lines up

19、 with, orcomes nearest (see Fig. 5). If it comes between width marks,choose the wider width for a thick foot, or the narrower widthfor a thin foot. If the foot is extremely fleshy or has a very highinstep, it may be necessary to fit the foot to an additional widthwider. If the foot is extremely thin

20、, compress the foot slightlywith the width bar and take the reading while holding the barin this position.5.8 Measurement of the Other FootTo measure the oppo-site foot, reverse the device end for end, so that the other footis in the correct heel cup. Follow the procedures in 5.5-5.7.After both feet

21、 have been measured compare the sizes of bothfeet. It is not uncommon for a person to have feet of differentsize. In this event fit to the larger of the two feet.NOTE 2Trial FittingDue to the differences in manufacturing, styl-ing, and other factors, the fitter of footwear should be knowledgeable of

22、shoe styles and the fit characteristics of each type of footwear they arefitting. It may be necessary to make compensations from the measuredsize to achieve the proper fit. The fitting process should always involvetrial fittings (see Section 7) to ensure the proper size was selected.FIG. 1 Measuring

23、 DeviceFIG. 2 Placement of the Foot in the Measuring DeviceF 539 01 (2007)26. Observation and Interpretation of Fitting Problems6.1 Observe signs in the users present worn footwear forspecific problems illustrated in 6.2-6.6.6.2 Observation of Sweat Lines:6.2.1 The sweat line inside of the shoe indi

24、cates how theball of the foot sets in the shoe.6.2.2 The sweat line indicates the amount of weight that iscarried through the arch of the foot.6.2.3 The sweat line shows where the toes come in contactwith the shoe and reveals if the little toe has had enough room.6.3 Indications of Short Shoes:6.3.1

25、 Longitudinal folds in the leather on the outside of theshoe under the interlongitudinal arch indicate a shoe that is tooshort for the foot.6.3.2 Wear lines on the outsole of the shoe show where theball of the foot is during wear; and if these wear lines arebeyond the wide part of the shoe, the shoe

26、 should be longer.6.3.3 A shoe that wears over the outsole to the outside is anindication that the shoe is too short.6.3.4 A shoe that is pushed out of shape over the little toe isa sign of short shoes.6.3.5 A shoe in which the counter and upper is run over inthe heel indicates that the shoe is too

27、short for the foot.6.3.6 An indentation of the toe end of the upper on theinside by the end of the big toe may be caused by a shoe thatis too short for the foot (see also 6.5.1).6.4 Indications of Long Shoes:6.4.1 Excessively turned up toes, with pronounced wrinklesacross the vamp, may be caused by

28、a shoe that is too long.FIG. 3 Measurement of Toe LengthFIG. 4 Measurement of Arch LengthF 539 01 (2007)36.4.2 Gaping quarters at the top may be caused by a shoethat is too large or a person who may have a weak arch. In suchcases, the shoe should be fitted shorter.6.4.3 If the counter is run over on

29、 either side of the heel, theshoe is too large for the foot; or this situation may indicate afoot problem such as weak ankles or flat feet.6.5 Observation of Improper Width Fit:6.5.1 An indentation of the toe end of the upper on theinside by the end of the big toe may be caused by a shoe thatis too

30、narrow in width (see 6.3.6).6.5.2 Undue creasing at the outside ball area is a commonfault found in many athletic shoes and is due to a shoe that istoo wide for the foot.6.6 Indications of Physical Abnormalities:6.6.1 Extreme dips in the insole indicate metatarsal prob-lems.6.6.2 Pronounced treading

31、 over on the outside of theforepart (ball area) may be an indication of a weakness in thefoot, such as flat foot, or some trouble in the metatarsal area.6.6.2.1 Another cause of pronounced treading over on theoutside of the ball area might occur if the shoe is too roomy ineither the seat or the ball

32、 area.6.6.3 Undue fullness in the ball area is a sign that either theshoe has not been fitted correctly “heel to ball” (the joints ofthe foot are too far forward) or arch weakness in the foot.7. Procedure for Fit Trial7.1 The fit trial should be completed with full weightbearing on the foot. Have th

33、e user stand up but do not lace theshoes. The purpose of this is to allow the users feet to adapt tothe new shoe. Lace the shoes.7.2 Arch and Toe LengthCheck for proper length of theusers foot arch length and toe length in footwear (see Figs. 6and 7).7.2.1 Check the correct length. The shoe must be

34、longenough to allow ample room for natural movements of the toes.The tip of the toe cap should extend12 in. (13 mm) beyond theFIG. 5 Measurement of Foot WidthFIG. 6 Determination of Correct Shoe LengthF 539 01 (2007)4end of the great toe for normal feet. For a thick and fleshy footwith a low arch, a

35、14-in. (6-mm) allowance is proper.7.2.2 Check on the heel portion of the shoe. The heel shouldfit snugly and the counter should not bulge outward.7.3 WidthCheck the users foot for proper width infootwear (see Fig. 8) or place your hand across the vamp to feelfor the ball of the foot at the widest pa

36、rt of the shoe with theindex finger. The index finger should fit over the ball and rightdown into the space between the upper and the sole.7.3.1 Inside Arch AreaCheck the inside arch area. Usingyour fingers, check the shoe upper material under the arch.Have the user transfer his weight forward to en

37、sure that thematerial is smooth and snug when the user is in that position.If wrinkles and folds are present, the shoe is not the proper size.7.3.2 Vamp AreaCheck the vamp area to see if it feelsright. Place the hand so the index finger is tight on the outeredge of the sole and draw the thumb across

38、 the vamp. Byapplying a slight pressure, the fitter will be able to determine ifthe foot fills the shoe without tightness or excessive fullness. Atight vamp causes bad vamp crease; and a loose vamp resultsin a bite in the toes. In a shoe that fits properly, the weight ofthe body is carried on the in

39、sole and not on the shoe upper. Todetermine this, have the user stand and then place the thumb onthe big toe joint and the forefinger on the outside ball. Have theuser move his body forward. If excessive pressure is exerted onthe fingers, the weight is being carried on the upper and theshoe does not

40、 fit properly. If the shoe fits properly, the fittershould be able to see the extension of the sole. For shoes thatdo not have an extension, the forefinger should come in contactwith the sole when the hand is laid across the vamp.7.3.3 InstepCheck the instep. A shoe should fit snug overthe instep. T

41、he eyelets at the throat-line should have aseparation of at least12 in. (13 mm). If arch supports or anyother inlay such as tapping is used excessively, the shoe shouldbe fitted slightly larger than is customary.7.4 If the footwear does not fit as described in 7.2 and 7.3,a different last must be tr

42、ied. The apparent cause is illustratedin Fig. 9.FIG. 7 Fitting of FootwearF 539 01 (2007)5ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination

43、of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn

44、. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your com

45、ments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or

46、 multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org).FIG. 8 Determination of Correct Shoe WidthFIG. 9 Determination of Correct Arch LengthF 539 01 (2007)6