ASTM F1523-1994(2013) Standard Guide for Selection of Booms in Accordance With Water Body Classifications《按照水体特性选择水栅的标准指南》.pdf

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1、Designation: F1523 94 (Reapproved 2013)Standard Guide forSelection of Booms in Accordance With Water BodyClassifications1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F1523; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the

2、 year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This guide covers the selection of containment boomthat may be used to control spills of oil and other substa

3、ncesthat float on a body of water.1.2 This guide does not address the compatibility of spillcontrol equipment with spill products. It is the users respon-sibility to ensure than any equipment selected is compatiblewith anticipated products.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thes

4、tandard. The values given in parentheses are for informationonly.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the appl

5、ica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D751 Test Methods for Coated FabricsF625 Practice for Classifying Water Bodies for Spill ControlSystemsF715 Test Methods for Coated Fabrics Used for Oil SpillControl and StorageF1093 Test Methods for Tensile

6、 Strength Characteristics ofOil Spill Response Boom3. Summary of Guide3.1 Recommendations for the selection of spill containmentbooms are given for five key boom characteristics that affectperformance for each of four water body types (see Table 1).Notes accompanying Table 1 discuss the qualifying f

7、actorsassociated with the minimum values listed, as well as thesignificance of the values as minimums. Classification criteriafor the four water body types are given in Practice F625.4. Significance and Use4.1 This guide is to be used to assist in the selection ofcontainment boom in accordance with

8、water body classifica-tions.4.2 A small number of key parameters that generally affectboom performance have been used in Table 1, in order toenable the user to readily identify general criteria for boomselection.4.3 Many factors, other than those listed in Table 1, may beimportant in selecting conta

9、inment boom for a particularapplication. Such factors include: flotation element length,wave length, the effect of stronger than minimum requiredstrength members, shock loads, abrasion resistance, stability inroll, resistance to bridging, interval between anchor points andhand holds, use of reflecto

10、rs or lighting, compatibility withfresh or salt water, and resistance to sunlight exposure.4.4 The values given in Table 1 are the recommendedminimums for general purpose booms. As identified in 2.3,operational considerations may require trade-offs in boomproperties. Special purpose booms, and gener

11、al purpose boomsused in special circumstances, may perform effectively withboom property values above or below those recommended inTable 1.4.5 Effective operation of oil spill control equipment de-pends on many factors, of which the prevailing environmentalconditions are just a few. Factors such as,

12、 but not limited to,deployment techniques, level of training, personnelperformance, and mechanical reliability can also affect equip-ment performance.5. Keywords5.1 boom; oil spill; oil spill control equipment1This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F20 on HazardousSubstances and Oil

13、Spill Responseand is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeF20.11 on Control.Current edition approved April 1, 2013. Published July 2013. Originallyapproved in 1994. Last previous edition approved in 2007 as F1523 94 (2007).DOI: 10.1520/F1523-94R13.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM w

14、ebsite, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United St

15、ates1ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights

16、, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional st

17、andardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Co

18、mmittee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveadd

19、ress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org). Permission rights to photocopy the standard may also be secured from the ASTM website (www.astm.org/COPYRIGHT/).TABLE 1 Recommendations for Selection of Spill Containment Boom

20、sBoom PropertyACalm Water Calm Water-Current Protected Water Open Waterheight (range)B, mm (in.) 150 to 600 200 to 600 450 to 1100 900 to 2300+(6 to 24) (8 to 24) (18 to 42) (36 TO 90+ )minimum gross buoyancy to weight ratioC3:1 4:1 4:1 8:1minimum total tensile strengthD, N (lbs) 6800 23 000 23 000

21、45 000(1500) (5000) (5000) (10 000)minimum fabric tensile strengthE, N/50 mm (lbs/in.) (2 TM): 2600 (300) 2600 (300) 2600 (300) 3500 (400)(1 TM): 2600 (300) 2600 (300) 3500 (400) 3500 (400)minimum fabric tear strengthF, N (lbs) 450 450 450 450(100) (100) (100) (100)AThe values given in parentheses a

22、re provided for information purposes only.BThe boom dimensions are given as total height, with an assumed freeboard of 33 % (minimum) of boom height for calm, protected, and open water, and a freeboardof up to 50 % of height for calm water-current. Within the range of boom heights cited, values shou

23、ld be selected in accordance with the specific conditions of the applicationconsidering such factors as: predominant wave conditions, volume of containment, length of boom required, tension on boom, etc.CValues shown for all water body classifications are the minimums for general purpose booms inten

24、ded for spill response use. Special purpose booms designed forpermanent installations, booms employing balanced upper and lower tension members, and external tension member booms may employ hydrodynamic properties tomaintain adequate freeboard and therefore require lower buoyancy to weight ratios, b

25、ut in no case should the buoyancy to weight ratio be less than 2:1. Buoyancy to weightratios greater than those listed may result in improved boom performance under certain conditions, however, further research is required before minimum values greaterthan those shown can be established.DThe dominan

26、t variables in calculations of forces on deployed boom are current/tow speeds and boom draft. The specified values represent the developed tension on300 m (1000 ft) lengths of boom, deployed in a typical catenary configuration with a gap ratio of 1:3, with environmental data selected per water body

27、classification, witha current/tow speed of 1 to 2 knots (4 kts for calm water-current), and, most significantly, the minimum boom draft per category. Booms with greater drafts should havehigher tensile strengths as follows: calm water 57 N/mm of draft (320 lbs/in.), calm water-current 140 N/mm (800

28、lbs/in.), protected water 64 N/mm (360 lbs/in.), and openwater 72 N/mm (400 lbs/in.). It is recommended that greater tensile strengths be used for applications where booms may be subjected to greater current/tow speeds thanthose noted above, or where additional safety factors are warranted. The boom

29、 tensile strength is tested in accordance with Test Methods F1093.EThe fabric tensile strength requirement is shown for two basic boom designs: two tension members (2 TM) and one tension member (1 TM). Membrane material is testedin accordance with Test Methods F715 and D751 (Breaking Strength, Proce

30、dure A: Grab Test Method). Boom that employs load carrying fabric, that is, zero tensionmembers, must meet the total tensile strength requirement previously identified.FThe membrane material is tested in accordance with Test Methods F715 and D751 (Tearing Strength, Procedure B: Tongue Tear Test Meth

31、od). Certain special-use fabricshave fabric tear strengths less than the values listed, such fabrics may be preferable for certain applications such as, resistance to particular spill products, sunlight, andabrasion, and would be acceptable as long as minimum fabric tensile strength requirements are met.F1523 94 (2013)2