ASTM F1273-1991(2002) Standard Specification for Tank Vent Flame Arresters《防火用油罐通气孔》.pdf

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1、Designation: F 1273 91 (Reapproved 2002)An American National StandardStandard Specification forTank Vent Flame Arresters1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F 1273; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, th

2、e year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This specification provides the minimum requirementsfor design, construction, performance, and testing of t

3、ank ventflame arresters.1.2 This specification is intended for flame arresters protect-ing systems containing vapors of flammable or combustibleliquids where vapor temperatures do not exceed 60C. The testmedia defined in 9.1.1 can be used except where arrestersprotect systems handling vapors with a

4、maximum experimentalsafe gap (MESG) below 0.9 mm. Flame arresters protectingsuch systems must be tested with appropriate media (the samevapor or a media having a MESG no greater than the vapor).Various gases and their respective MESG are listed in Table 1.NOTE 1Flame arresters meeting this specifica

5、tion also comply withthe minimum requirements of the International Maritime Organization,Maritime Safety Committee Circular No. 373 (MSC/Circ. 373/Rev. 1).1.3 The values stated in either inch-pound or SI units are tobe regarded as the standard. The values given in parenthesesare for information only

6、.1.4 The following precautionary caveat pertains only to thetest methods portions, Sections 8 and 9, of this specification:This standard does not purport to address all of the safetyconcerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilityof the user of this standard to establish appropria

7、te safety andhealth practices and determine the applicability of regulatorylimitations prior to use.1.5 This standard should be used to measure and describethe properties of materials, products, or assemblies in responseto heat and flame under controlled laboratory conditions andshould not be used t

8、o describe or appraise the fire hazard orfire risk of materials, products, or assemblies under actual fireconditions. However, results of this test may be used aselements of a fire risk assessment which takes into account allof the factors which are pertinent to an assessment of the firehazard of a

9、particular end use2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:F 722 Specification for Welded Joints for Shipboard PipingSystems2F 1155 Practice for Selection and Application of PipingSystem Materials22.2 ANSI Standard:1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F25 on Shipsand Mari

10、ne Technology and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F25.11 onMachinery and Piping Systems.Current edition approved April 1, 1991. Published June 1991.2Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 01.07.TABLE 1 Gases and Their MESGsInflammable Gas orVaporMaximum ExperimentalSafe Gapmm in.Methane 1.1

11、70 0.046Blast furnace gas 1.193 0.047Propane 0.965 0.038Butane 1.066 0.042Pentane 1.016 0.040Hexane 0.965 0.038Heptane 0.965 0.038Iso-octane 1.040 0.041Decane 1.016 0.040Benzene 0.99 0.039Xylene 1.066 0.042Cyclohexane 0.94 0.037Acetone 1.016 0.040Ethylene 0.71 0.028Methyl-ethyl-ketone 1.016 0.040Car

12、bon monoxide 0.915 0.036Methyl-acetate 0.990 0.039Ethyl-acetate 1.04 0.041Propyl-acetate 1.04 0.041Butyl-acetate 1.016 0.040Amyl-acetate 0.99 0.039Methyl alcohol 0.915 0.036Ethyl alcohol 1.016 0.040Iso-butyl-alcohol 0.965 0.038Butyl-alcohol(normal)0.94 0.037Amyl-alcohol 0.99 0.039Ethyl-ether 0.864 0

13、.034Coal gas (H257 %) 0.482 0.019Acetylene 0.025 0.001Carbon disulphide 0.203 0.008Hydrogen 0.102 0.004Blue water gas (H253%CO47%)0.203 0.008Ethyl nitrate 0.025 0.001Ammonia 3.33 0.133Ethylene oxide ;0.65 ;0.026Ethyl nitrite 0.922 0.0381Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C70

14、0, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.B16.5 Pipe Flanges and Flanged Fittings32.3 Other Documents:ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code: Section VIII,Division 1, Pressure Vessels4ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code: Section IX,Welding and Brazing Qualifications4International Maritime Or

15、ganization, Maritime Safety Com-mittee: MSC/Circ. 373/Rev. 1 Revised Standards for theDesign, Testing and Locating of Devices to Prevent thePassage of Flame into Cargo Tanks in Tankers5International Electrotechnical Commission: Publication 79-1 Electrical Apparatus for Explosive Gas Atmospheres63. T

16、erminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 flame arrestera device to prevent the passage offlame in accordance with a specified performance standard. Itsflame arresting element is based on the principle of quenching.3.1.2 flame passagethe transmission of a flame through aflame arrester.3.1.3 flame speedthe spe

17、ed at which a flame propagatesalong a pipe or other system.3.1.4 gasoline vaporsa nonleaded petroleum distillateconsisting essentially of aliphatic hydrocarbon compoundswith a boiling range of approximately 65 to 75C.4. Classification4.1 The two types of flame arresters covered in this speci-ficatio

18、n are classified as follows:4.1.1 Type IFlame arresters acceptable for end-of-lineapplications.4.1.2 Type IIFlame arresters acceptable for in-line appli-cations.5. Ordering Information5.1 Orders for flame arresters under this specification shallinclude the following information, as applicable:5.1.1

19、Type (I or II),5.1.2 Nominal pipe size,5.1.3 Each gas or vapor in the tank being protected by theflame arrester and the corresponding MESG,5.1.4 Inspection and tests other than those specified by thisspecification,5.1.5 Anticipated ambient air temperature range,5.1.6 Purchasers inspection requiremen

20、ts (see 10.1),5.1.7 Description of installation (distance and configurationof pipe between the arrester and the atmosphere or potentialignition source) (see 8.2.4.2),5.1.8 Materials of construction (see Section 6), and5.1.9 Maximum flow rate and the design pressure drop forthat maximum flow rate.6.

21、Materials6.1 The flame arrester housing, and other parts or boltingused for pressure retention, shall be constructed of materialslisted in Practice F 1155, or Section VIII, Division 1 of theASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code.6.1.1 Arrester, elements, gaskets, and seals shall be ofmaterials resista

22、nt to attack by seawater and the liquids andvapors contained in the tank being protected (see 5.1.3).6.2 Nonmetallic materials, other than gaskets and seals,shall not be used in the construction of pressure-retainingcomponents of the flame arrester.6.2.1 Nonmetallic gaskets and seals shall be noncom

23、bus-tible and suitable for the service intended.6.3 Bolting materials, other than those in 6.1, shall be atleast equal to those listed in Table 1 of ANSI B16.5.6.4 The possibility of galvanic corrosion shall be consideredin the selection of materials.6.5 All other parts shall be constructed of mater

24、ials suitablefor the service intended.7. Other Requirements7.1 Flame arrester housings shall be gastight to prevent theescape of vapors.7.2 Flame arrester elements shall fit in the housing in amanner that will ensure tightness of metal-to-metal contacts insuch a way that flame cannot pass between th

25、e element and thehousing.7.2.1 The net free area through flame arrester elements shallbe at least 1.5 times the cross-sectional area of the arresterinlet.7.3 Housings and elements shall be of substantial construc-tion and designed for the mechanical and other loads intendedduring service. In additio

26、n, they shall be capable of withstand-ing the maximum and minimum pressures and temperatures towhich the device may be exposed under both normal and thespecified fire test conditions in Section 9.7.4 Threaded or flanged pipe connections shall comply withthe applicable B16 standards in Practice F 115

27、5. Weldedjoints shall comply with Specification F 722.7.5 All flat joints of the housing shall be machined true andshall provide for a joint having adequate metal-to-metalcontact.7.6 Where welded construction is used for pressure-retaining components, welded joint design details, welding,and nondest

28、ructive testing shall be in accordance with SectionVIII, Division 1 of the ASME Code and Specification F 722.Welders and weld procedures shall be qualified in accordancewith Section IX of the ASME Code.7.7 The design of flame arresters shall allow for ease ofinspection and removal of internal elemen

29、ts for replacement,cleaning, or repair without removal of the entire device fromthe system.7.8 Flame arresters shall allow for efficient drainage ofcondensate without impairing their efficiency to prevent thepassage of flame.3Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St

30、.,4th Floor, New York, NY 10036.4Available from American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME), ASMEInternational Headquarters, Three Park Ave., New York, NY 10016-5990.5Available from International Maritime Organization, 4 Albert Embankment,London SE1 7SR, England.6Available from International Ele

31、ctrotechnical Commission, 3 rue de Varembe,Case Postale 131, CH-1211, Geneva 20, Switzerland.F 1273 91 (2002)27.8.1 Where the design does not permit complete drainageof condensate through its connection to the tank, the housingshall be fitted with a plugged drain opening on the side of theatmospheri

32、c outlet of not less than12-in. nominal pipe size(NPS12).7.9 All fastenings shall be protected against loosening.7.10 Flame arresters shall be designed and constructed tominimize the effect of fouling under normal operating condi-tions.7.11 Flame arresters shall be capable of operating over thefull

33、range of ambient air temperatures anticipated.7.12 End-of-line flame arresters shall be so constructed as todirect the efflux vertically upward.7.13 Flame arresters shall be of first class workmanship andfree from imperfections that may affect their intended purpose.7.14 Tank vent flame arresters sh

34、all show no flame passagewhen subjected to the tests in 8.2.4.8. Prototype Tests8.1 Tests shall be conducted by an independent laboratorycapable of performing the tests. The manufacturer, in choosinga laboratory, accepts that it is a qualified independent labora-tory by determining that it has (or h

35、as access to) the apparatus,facilities, personnel, and calibrated instruments that are neces-sary to test flame arresters in accordance with this specifica-tion.8.1.1 A test report shall be prepared by the laboratory thatshall include the following:8.1.1.1 Detailed drawings of the flame arrester and

36、 itscomponents (including a parts list identifying the materials ofconstruction).8.1.1.2 Types of tests conducted and results obtained,8.1.1.3 Specific advice on approved attachments (see8.2.4.1),8.1.1.4 Types of gases or vapors for which the flame arresteris approved (see 5.1.3),8.1.1.5 Drawings of

37、 the test rig,8.1.1.6 Records of all markings found on the tested flamearrester, and8.1.1.7 A report number.8.2 One of each model Type I and Type II flame arrestershall be tested. Where approval of more than one size of aflame arrester model is desired, the largest and smallest sizesshall be tested.

38、 A change of design, material, or constructionthat may affect the corrosion resistance, endurance burn, orflashback capabilities of the flame arrester shall be considereda change of model.8.2.1 The flame arrester shall have the same dimensions,configuration, and the most unfavorable clearances expec

39、ted inproduction units.8.2.2 A corrosion test shall be conducted. In this test, acomplete arrester, including a section of pipe similar to that towhich it will be fitted, shall be exposed to a 20 % sodiumchloride solution spray at a temperature of 25C for a period of240 h and allowed to dry for 48 h

40、. Following this exposure, allmovable parts shall operate properly and there shall be nocorrosion deposits that cannot be washed off.8.2.3 Performance characteristics as declared by the manu-facturer, such as flow rates under both positive and negativepressure, operating sensitivity, flow resistance

41、, and velocity,shall be demonstrated by appropriate tests.8.2.4 Tank vent flame arresters shall be tested for enduranceburn and flashback in accordance with the test procedures inSection 9. The following constraints apply:8.2.4.1 Where a Type I flame arrester is provided withcowls, weather hoods, de

42、flectors, and so forth, it shall be testedin each configuration in which it is provided.8.2.4.2 Type II arresters shall be specifically tested with theinclusion of all pipes, tees, bends, cowls, weather hoods, and soforth, which may be fitted between the arrester and theatmosphere.8.2.5 Devices that

43、 are provided with a heating arrangementshall pass the required tests at the heated temperature.8.2.6 After all tests are completed, the device shall bedisassembled and examined, and no part of the device shall bedamaged or show permanent deformation.9. Test Procedures for Flame Arresters9.1 Media/A

44、ir Mixtures:9.1.1 For vapors from flammable or combustible liquidswith a MESG greater than or equal to 0.9 mm, technical gradehexane or gasoline vapors shall be used for all tests in thissection, except technical grade propane may be used for theflashback test in 9.2. For vapors with a MESG less tha

45、n 0.9mm, the specific vapor (or alternatively, a media with a MESGless than or equal to the MESG of the vapor) shall be used asthe test medium in all Section 9 tests.9.1.2 Hexane, propane, gasoline, and chemical vapors shallbe mixed with air to form the most easily ignitable mixture.79.2 Flashback T

46、est:9.2.1 A flashback test shall be carried out as follows:9.2.1.1 The test rig shall consist of an apparatus producingan explosive mixture, a small tank with a diaphragm, aprototype of the flame arrester, a plastic bag,8and a firingsource in three positions (see Fig. 1).99.2.1.2 The tank, flame arr

47、ester assembly, and plastic bagenveloping the prototype flame arrester shall be filled so thatthis volume contains the most easily ignitable vapor/air mix-ture.7The concentration of the mixture should be verified byappropriate testing of the gas composition in the plastic bag.Three ignition sources

48、shall be installed along the axis of thebag, one close to the flame arrester, another as far away aspossible therefrom, and the third at the midpoint between thesetwo. These three sources shall be fired in succession, oneduring each of the three tests. Flame passage shall not occurduring this test.9

49、.2.1.3 If flame passage occurs, the tank diaphragm willburst and this will be audible and visible to the operator by theemission of a flame. Flame, heat, and pressure sensors may beused as an alternative to a bursting diaphragm.7See IEC Publication 79-1.8The dimensions of the plastic bag are dependent on those of the flame arrester.The plastic bag may have a circumference of 2 m, a length of 2.5 m, and a wallthickness of 0.05 m.9To prevent remnants of the plastic bag from falling back onto the flame arresterbeing tested after ignition of the fuel/air mixture, it may be usef