ASTM F1011-2007 Standard Guide for Developing a Hazardous Materials Training Curriculum for Initial Response Personnel《初期救援人员的危险品培训课程开发用标准指南》.pdf

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1、Designation: F 1011 07Standard Guide forDeveloping a Hazardous Materials Training Curriculum forInitial Response Personnel1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F 1011; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision,

2、the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This guide covers a format for a hazardous materialsspill initial response team training curriculum. This

3、 guide isdesigned to assist trainers of initial response personnel inassessing the content of training curriculum by providingguidelines for subject content against which these curriculamay be evaluated. The guide should be tailored by the trainerto fit specific circumstances that are present in the

4、 communityor industry where a spill may occur.1.2 Sections 56789 of this guide identify those trainingareas that should be considered in a curriculum. The area ofpreplanning is listed and this topic should be seriously consid-ered by the user. Training is only a small part of an overall spillrespons

5、e contingency plan. A properly equipped and trainedspill response team cannot operate without a previously agreedplan of attack.1.3 Currently the Code of Federal Regulation 40 CFR 112,40 CFR 265, and 49 CFR 173 specify that producers, handlers,and shippers of hazardous materials shall plan and train

6、 forhazardous spill response. The broad interpretation of theseregulations could include the requirement to train state andlocal response organizations who may be required to handlehazardous materials in an emergency spill situation. Regardlessof the above regulatory requirements, training is essent

7、ial to aproper response in an emergency.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory

8、limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 Federal Regulations:40 CFR 112Oil Pollution Prevention240 CFR 265Interim Status Standards for Owners andOperators of Hazardous Waste Treatment, Storage, andDisposal Facilities249 CFR 173ShippersGeneral Requirements for Ship-ments and Packagings22.2

9、 Other Documents:2004 Emergency Response Guide Book3NIOSH Pub#2005149,NIOSH/OSHAPocket Guide to Chemical Hazards,(September 2005)4Emergency Handling of Hazardous Materials in SurfaceTransportation5Materials Safety Data Sheets6National Response Plan, Release Number: FNF-07032,Department of Homeland S

10、ecurity7American National Standard Criteria for Accepted Prac-tices in Safety, Health, and Environmental Training83. Summary of Guide3.1 This guide covers the following areas:3.1.1 Preplanning,3.1.2 Initial Assessment,3.1.3 Personal Safety Equipment,3.1.4 Training, and3.1.5 Implementation of Plan of

11、 Attack.3.2 Preplanning covers the aspects of pre-accident planningthat should be considered by the response team members. Thisincludes identification of potential hazardous chemicals, spilllocations, and resource identification.3.3 Initial assessment outlines those assessments that shouldbe made wh

12、en arriving at the accident location to assist in thedevelopment of a plan of attack.1This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F20 on HazardousSubstances and Oil Spill Response and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeF20.21 on Initial Response Actions.Current edition approved N

13、ov. 1, 2007. Published December 2007. Originallyapproved in 1986. Last previous edition approved in 2001 as F 1011 86 (2001).2Available from U.S. Government Printing Office Superintendent of Documents,732 N. Capitol St., NW, Mail Stop: SDE, Washington, DC 20401, http:/www.access.gpo.gov.3Available f

14、rom Government of Canada (to be revised in 2008), http:/hazmat.dot.gov/pubs/erg/gydebook.htm.4Available from U. S. Department of Health and Human Services, 200Independence Ave, S.W., Washington, DC 20201. Or available from U. S.Department of Labor, 200 Constitution Avenue, N.W., Washington, DC 20210

15、.5Available from the Association of American Railroads/Bureau of Explosives,1920 L Street, N.W., Washington, DC 20036.6OSHA 20 or Materials Safety Data Sheets are available from the specificchemical manufacturers.7Available from the Department of Homeland Security at http:/www.dhs.gov/xprepresp/comm

16、ittees/editorial_0566.shtm.8Available from American Society of Safety Engineers, 1800 East Oakton St.,Des Plaines, IL 600182187, approved July 2002.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.3.4 Personal Safety Equipment discuss

17、es those safety de-vices and their limitations that are available to the responseteam members.3.5 Training describes the activities that could be conductedby the team on a regular basis and the improvement of trainingplans after training exercises are completed.3.6 Implementation of plans describes

18、how and in whatorder the plan of attack should be implemented.4. Significance and Use4.1 This guide summarizes the typical contents of a courseto aid emergency response team training organizations inselecting important subjects for inclusion in existing or newtraining programs.5. Preplanning5.1 Iden

19、tify all areas subject to hazardous materials spills:5.1.1 Fixed facilities that store or produce hazardous mate-rials.5.1.2 Routes that are used by carriers to transport hazardousmaterials.5.2 Determine the type of hazardous material:5.2.1 Stored or produced.5.2.2 Transported:5.2.2.1 Contact truck

20、companies.5.2.2.2 Contact rail companies.5.3 Identify physical, chemical, and hazardous characteris-tics of each material:5.3.1 Obtain OSHA 20 or Materials Safety Data Sheets foreach hazardous material identified.5.3.2 Suggested reference documents for data include thefollowing:5.3.2.1 American Nati

21、onal Standard Criteria for AcceptedPractices in Safety, Health, and Environmental Training.85.3.2.2 Chemical handbooks; for example, CondensedChemical Dictionary.5.3.2.3 2004 Emergency Response Guide Book.5.3.2.4 NIOSH Pub#2005149, NIOSH/OSHA PocketGuide to Chemical Hazards, U. S. Department of Heal

22、th andHuman Services, U. S. Department of Labor.5.3.2.5 Emergency Handling of Hazardous Materials inSurface Transportation, Bureau of Explosives/Association ofAmerican Railroads.5.4 Determine the mitigation resources available to respond.5.4.1 A suggested reference is ASTM STP 825.95.4.2 Determine t

23、he number, qualifications, and location ofknowledgeable personnel:5.4.2.1 Local community.5.4.2.2 Private industry.5.4.3 Determine type and quantity of mitigation equipmentavailable:5.4.3.1 Neutralizer.5.4.3.2 Foams.5.4.3.3 Water sources.5.4.3.4 Sorbents.5.4.3.5 Dispensing equipment.5.4.3.6 Containm

24、ent equipment.5.4.4 Determine the type, location, and method of activationof all automatic response systems at the potential spill site.5.5 Identify critical population and environment areas adja-cent to hazardous material sites or routes:5.5.1 Schools, hospitals, shopping centers, etc.5.5.2 Water s

25、upplies, soil conditions, recreational areas, etc.5.6 Estimate the volume of the potential spill as follows:5.6.1 Obtain potential spill volume estimates from storer,producer, or carrier.5.6.2 Calculate spill volume from tankage sizes.5.7 Determine spill drainage path for site or route asfollows:5.7

26、.1 Attempt to determine the final spill location.5.7.2 Determine accessibility to the spill location.5.7.2.1 Establish travel route, including alternates, to thelocation.5.7.2.2 Establish entry procedures.5.7.3 Evaluate resources that could be made available atfinal spill location (refer to 5.4).5.8

27、 Determine vapor dispersion path for the site or route asfollows:5.8.1 Obtain normal meteorological data for area.5.8.2 Select a dispersion model.5.8.3 Develop vapor hazard corridor estimation procedures.5.8.4 Develop dispersion estimates for appropriate accidentscenarios.5.8.5 Evaluate dispersion m

28、odeling results uncertainties.5.8.6 Utilize dispersion model data in conjunction withpopulation data to estimate exposure potential.5.8.7 Consider specific chemical health impacts to identifypopulation risk.5.9 Establish an evacuation plan.5.10 Determine spill reporting responsibilities for the fol-

29、lowing:5.10.1 Local.5.10.2 State.5.10.3 Federal.5.11 Develop a response plan with site or carrier manage-ment.6. Initial Assessment of Incident6.1 Hazardous Substance Physical Identification:6.1.1 Identify source of spill (that is, tanker truck, railcar,storage facility).6.1.2 Accurately identify su

30、bstance spilled and its hazards:6.1.2.1 Substance Identification:(a) Department of Transportation (DOT) Placards.(b) United Nations (UN) Numbers.(c) Standard Classification of Transported Goods (SCTG)markings or material labels.(d) Shipping papers.6.1.2.2 Hazard(s) Identification:(a) Department of T

31、ransportation (DOT) Labels/Placards.(b) National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) Labels.(c) Physical observations.(d) Detector measurements.6.1.3 Physical Characteristics:9Guide to the Safe Handling of Hazardous Materials Accidents, ASTM STP 825,ASTM, 1983.F10110726.1.3.1 Solids.6.1.3.2 Liquid.6.

32、1.3.3 Vapor.6.1.4 Approximate the volume of spill or the total volume atsource, or both.6.1.5 For a transportation accident, determine the shippersname.6.1.6 For all types of accidents, determine the manufactur-ers name.6.1.7 Identify the person reporting spill.6.1.8 Determine the approximate time o

33、f the spill (maintainchronological record of events).6.1.9 Determine the time of spill report.6.1.10 Estimate the material release rate.6.2 Identify the number and location of injured personnel:6.2.1 Notify medical authorities.6.2.2 Conduct a rescue assessment.6.2.2.1 Safety implications.6.2.2.2 Equ

34、ipment required.6.3 Collect Site Information:6.3.1 Current Weather Conditions:6.3.1.1 Rain (snow) or prospects of rain (snow).6.3.1.2 Wind speed and direction.6.3.1.3 Air temperature.6.3.1.4 Weather stability.6.3.1.5 Forecast (immediate, long term).6.3.2 Terrain Characteristics:6.3.2.1 Type of topog

35、raphy.6.3.2.2 Porosity of ground surface.6.3.2.3 Surface water.6.3.2.4 Underground water.6.3.3 Demographics:6.3.3.1 Distance to public areas such as schools, churches,public buildings, busy intersections, shopping centers, recre-ational facilities, hospitals, convalescent centers, etc.6.3.3.2 Distan

36、ce to drinking water supplies.6.3.3.3 Distance to sewers.6.3.3.4 Distance to food and feed processing facilities.6.4 Establish on-scene authority.6.5 Determine plan of action:6.5.1 Evaluate required response resources based on infor-mation collected.6.5.2 Identify logistics problems.6.5.3 Estimate i

37、mpact area.7. Personal Safety Equipment RequirementsIdentificationNoteAll personal safety equipment should be fit tested.7.1 Levels of Protection (EPA):7.1.1 Level A:7.1.1.1 Highest level of protection.7.1.1.2 Self-contained breathing apparatus.7.1.1.3 Positive pressure suits.7.1.1.4 Total encapsula

38、tion.7.1.1.5 Resistant to specific chemicals.7.1.2 Level B:7.1.2.1 Self-contained breathing apparatus.7.1.2.2 Lighter weight rainwear.7.1.2.3 Chemical resistant.7.1.2.4 Minimum level recommended for initial site entry.7.1.3 Level C:7.1.3.1 Air purifying respirator with full face plate.7.1.3.2 Splash

39、 garments.7.1.3.3 Goggles, gloves, and head protection.7.1.3.4 Type and concentrations of chemical must beknown.7.1.4 Level D:7.1.4.1 Lowest level of protection.7.1.4.2 Work uniforms.7.1.4.3 Goggles, gloves, and head protection.7.1.4.4 Optional use of escape mask.7.2 Breathing Protection Selection:7

40、.2.1 Self-contained breathing apparatus.7.2.2 Gas masks:7.2.2.1 Not for firefighting or oxygen deficient atmospheres.7.2.2.2 Need canister specific for atmosphere to be encoun-tered.7.2.3 Respirators (needs filter cartridge specific for thehazard).7.2.4 Escape devices (not a duty cycle unit, for per

41、sonalescape only).7.2.5 Supplied air units, need umbilical hose and source ofair (bottled gas or compressor).7.2.6 Oxygen administrators (for resuscitation only)7.3 Personal Protection Selection:7.3.1 Head protection.7.3.2 Eye protection.7.3.3 Clothing, chemical protection.7.3.3.1 Needs to be chemic

42、al specific for permeation.7.3.3.2 Compatibility only is not sufficient but is necessary.7.3.4 Ear protection.7.3.5 Foot protection.7.3.6 Hand protection.7.4 Gas Concentration Analyzing and Dosage InstrumentSelectionPortable:7.4.1 Detector tubes, chemical specific (with hand pump).7.4.1.1 Portable g

43、as detectors.7.4.1.2 Personnel Dosimeters, passive badges to be worn byindividuals.8. Training8.1 Develop a training plan and schedule as follows:8.1.1 Use other agency plans.8.1.2 Review existing plans by other response teams.8.2 Test and evaluate plans as follows:8.2.1 Develop potential scenarios.

44、8.2.2 Select test participants.8.2.3 Select evaluators.8.2.4 Conduct drills.8.2.5 Evaluate results.8.2.6 Prepare critique of plan.8.3 Plan revisions as follows:8.3.1 Review test critique.8.3.2 Revise plan.8.3.3 Develop standard operating procedures for the initialresponse team.F10110739. Implementat

45、ion of Plan9.1 Command Post:9.1.1 Establish chain of command (that is, whos incharge?) in accordance with contingency plan.9.1.2 Establish communications system.9.2 Protection of the Public:9.2.1 Evacuation.9.2.2 Remain in place.9.2.2.1 Audio warnings (close windows, remain inside).9.2.2.2 Media ann

46、ouncements.9.2.2.3 Atmospheric dispersion factors should be used toestimate public exposure risk as a basis for selection of publicprotection actions.9.2.2.4 Re-evaluate item 5.8 as atmospheric conditionschange.9.3 Stabilize Incident:9.3.1 Determine the presence or threat of fire.9.3.1.1 Extinguish

47、fire if safe to do so.9.3.1.2 Apply retardant (foam, etc.) to prevent ignition.9.3.2 Determine if flow of chemical from container can bestopped or reduced.9.3.2.1 Close valves.9.3.2.2 Patch or plug.9.3.3 Contain escaped chemical.9.3.3.1 Dikes, berms, etc.9.3.3.2 Floating spill control barriers.9.3.3

48、.3 Apply retardant if toxic or flammable vapor hazard.10. Keywords10.1 hazardous materials; initial response personnel; train-ing curriculumASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this

49、standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of therespo