ASTM E3136-2018 Standard Guide for Climate Resiliency in Water Resources.pdf

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1、Designation: E3136 18Standard Guide forClimate Resiliency in Water Resources1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E3136; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parenthe

2、ses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.INTRODUCTIONThis standard provides a set of options to plan for water resource resiliency and management in theevent of changing environmental conditions. This inclu

3、des adapting local business and governmentinfrastructure to both chronic and natural conditions and extreme weather events that impact waterresources. It also includes planning in order to respond adequately to future sea level rise. It may notapply to entities where such assessment and risk managem

4、ent is already widely available throughstandard sets of guidance, such as the construction of green buildings or green infrastructure as partof the decision-making process. This standard provides a voluntary framework of the risk managementoptions and steps that may be beneficial to evaluate climate

5、 resiliency solutions. It provides strategiesfor any organization, even those currently operating outside of various voluntary and regulatoryschemes. The environmental assessment and risk management strategies contained in this guiderecognize the overall value of existing approaches. This guide refe

6、rences and merges similar, effectiveprograms and tailors them to provide a consistent approach that will facilitate communication andpreparation to protect our national water resources from changing environmental conditions.This standard guide presents a series of options for an individual, group, o

7、r entity to use whereprotecting water resources is the objective. The goal is to help build strategies and plans for changingenvironmental conditions and their impacts upon water resources.1. Scope1.1 OverviewWater resources in North America and otherareas are subject to various impacts from chronic

8、 weatherpatterns, as well as more frequent extreme weather events.These include drought, flooding, changes in stream patterns,increased or decreased run-off, and changes in water quality.Water resources include both man-made and natural reservoirs,rivers, streams, groundwater, and storage ponds. The

9、 infra-structure for water supply, wastewater treatment, fire-fightingand agricultural uses are also subject to chronic weatherpatterns and more frequent extreme weather related events.This guide will provide an explanation of techniques users mayemploy to build resiliency and a planning outline for

10、municipalities, states and private industry in order to ensuresafe, future, effective availability of water resources.1.2 PurposeThe purpose of this guide is to provide aseries of options that organizations may implement to preparefor the environmental impacts and risks from changing envi-ronmental

11、conditions, chronic weather patterns, natural orman-made disasters, and extreme weather events. This guidealso encourages consistent management of risks from naturaldisasters to water resources. The guide presents practices andrecommendations based on regions and planning horizons thatprovide instit

12、utional and engineering actions to reduce thephysical and financial vulnerabilities attributable to changingenvironmental conditions. It presents available technologies,institutional controls, and engineering controls that can beimplemented by individuals and organizations seeking toincrease their a

13、daptive and resiliency capacity.1.2.1 The guide also provides some high-level options forthe planning, selection, implementation, and review of strate-gies in order to ensure that the approach continues to beenvironmentally responsible, in the best interest of the public,reasonable, and cost effecti

14、ve. This guide can be used toanalyze the effectiveness of a communitys strategy.1.2.2 This guide ties into the ASTM E50 standards seriesrelated to environmental risk assessment and management.1.2.3 The guide does not provide risk assessment, per se, butmay help set priorities for a climate resilienc

15、y program.1.3 SafetyThis standard does not purport to address all ofthe safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user to establish appropriate safety andhealth practices and determine the applicability of regulatory1This guide is under the jurisdiction ofASTM

16、Committee E50 on EnvironmentalAssessment, Risk Management and Corrective Action and is the direct responsibil-ity of Subcommittee E50.05 on Environmental Risk Management.Current edition approved July 1, 2018. Published August 2018. DOI: 10.1520/E313618Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Dr

17、ive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United StatesThis international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations i

18、ssued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.1limitations prior to use. Adaptation and resiliency measures,however, may be consistent with, and complementary to, safetymeasures.1.4 ObjectivesThe objectives of this guide are to deter-mine the conditions of the com

19、munity, facility, and propertywith regard to risks of natural disaster events to water resourcesand actions that can be taken to manage those risks.1.4.1 The guide presents information on planning and strat-egies to respond to extreme natural events such as drought,flood, storms and sea level rise u

20、pon water resources.1.4.2 The guide encourages users to set priorities basedupon the relevant region in the United States. For each region,the guide identifies key climate vulnerabilities that wouldrequire planning and preparation based on that particularscenario. These could be extrapolated to othe

21、r regions if thereare similar conditions.1.4.3 The guide encourages the user to develop long termsolutions for future risks.1.5 Limitations of this GuideGiven the different types oforganizations that may wish to use this Guide, as well asvariations in state and local regulations, it is not possible

22、toaddress all the relevant circumstances that might apply to aparticular facility. This guide uses generalized language andexamples for the user. If it is not clear to the user how to applystandards to their specific circumstances, users should seekassistance from qualified professionals. Risks may

23、vary de-pending on the entity evaluating the risk. This guide does nottake a position on the causes or science of extreme weather,natural disasters, or changing environmental conditions.1.6 The guide uses references and information on thecontrol, management and reduction of impacts from manycited so

24、urces.1.7 Several national and international agencies served assources of information on existing and anticipated levels andmanagement of climate risks including: theAustralian Ministryof Environment; the Federal Emergency Management Agency;the National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration;t

25、he Securities and Exchange Commission; the US Army Corpsof Engineers; the US Department of Agriculture; the USDepartment of Energy; the US Environmental ProtectionAgency; and the US Department of Defense.1.8 This guide recommends reference to current regulatoryinformation about risks culled from var

26、ious state agencies,such as departments of environmental protection and waterresources boards.1.9 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety, health, and e

27、nvironmental practices and deter-mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.10 This international standard was developed in accor-dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-ization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International St

28、andards, Guides and Recom-mendations issued by the World Trade Organization TechnicalBarriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2E2114 Terminology for Sustainability Relative to the Perfor-mance of BuildingsE2432 Guide for General Principles of Sustainability Rela-ti

29、ve to BuildingsE2635 Practice for Water Conservation in BuildingsThrough In-Situ Water ReclamationE2717 Practice for Estimating the Environmental Load ofResidential WastewaterE2727 Practice for Assessment of Rainwater QualityE2728 Guide for Water Stewardship in the Design,Construction, and Operation

30、 of Buildings2.2 International Standards:Australian Standard AS 5334 Climate change adaptation forsettlements and infrastructureISO 14001:1996 Environmental Management Systems Specification with guidance for use products of ISO/TC207 for which ASTM E 50 was a participant on behalf ofANSIISO 31000:20

31、09 Risk management Principles and guidelinesISO Guide 73 Risk managementVocabularyISO Draft Standard on Asset Management: Overview, Prin-ciples and Terminology (56/1358/DC)2.3 National Initiatives:American Society of Civil Engineers Standards ASCE/SEI24-05 Flood Resistant Design and Construction (24

32、-05)2006 / 74 pp.Institute of Sustainable Infrastructure, 2012. Envision Ver-sion 2.0 A Rating System for Sustainable InfrastructureNational Climate Assessment https:/nca2014.globalchange.gov/2.4 Government References:National Research Council (NRC), 2004 Adaptive Manage-ment for Water Resources Pro

33、ject Planning, Panel onAdaptive Management for Resource Stewardship, Com-mittee to Assess the U.S. Army Corps of EngineersMethods of Analysis and Peer Review for Water Re-sources Project PlanningUnited States Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) - Engi-neering Regulation ER 1100-2-8162 Incorporating Sea-

34、Level Change In Civil Works Programs (Dec, 2013).(www.corpsclimate.us/ccaceslcurves.cfm)United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) and USForest Service (USFS) 2014 National Climate Hubs forAdaptation and MitigationU.S. Department of Homeland Security (DHS) FederalEmergency Management Agency (FEM

35、A) FEMA Mitiga-tion Support for Planning and Implementation of ClimateResilient Infrastructure (Draft 2014)Climate Adaptation Resources and Guidance https:/ar-chive.epa.gov/epa/climatechange/climate-adaptation-resources-and-guidance.html2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.ast

36、m.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.E3136 182Climate Impacts on Water Resources https:/archive.epa-.gov/epa/climate-impacts/climate-impacts-water-resources.html

37、Climate Resilience and Preparedness https:/archive.epa-.gov/epa/production/files/2016-08/documents/ow-climate-change-adaptation-plan3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 adaptive capacity, nthe ability of a system, eithernatural or engineered, to adjust to extreme weather, includingclimate variability

38、 and to moderate potential damages; to takeadvantage of opportunities, or to cope with the consequences.3.1.2 benefit cost analysis (BCA), nadvantages, pay-offs,values, and desired outcomes as compared with economicexpenses, accrued liabilities, asset retirement obligations, andloss contingencies.3.

39、1.3 climate, nthe average and range of weather condi-tions in an area. More rigorously, the statistical description interms of the mean and variability of relevant weather param-eters over a period of time long enough to ensure representativevalues for a month or season. These parameters are most of

40、tensurface variables such as temperature, humidity, air pressure,precipitation, and wind.3.1.4 climate extremes, nunusual, long-term weather pat-terns viewed over seasons or longer periods, such as extendeddrought.3.1.5 contingency plan, nany plan of action that allows anorganization to respond to e

41、vents should they occur, includesall plans that deal with stabilization, continuity of criticalbusiness functions and recovery, sometimes called a businesscontinuity plan.3.1.6 drought risk, n rating systems of USDA to deter-mine appropriate planting, harvesting and water conservationactivities, bas

42、ed upon region and expected weather events.3.1.7 ecosystem, nany natural unit or entity includingliving and non-living parts that interact to produce a stablesystem through cyclic exchange of materials and energy.3.1.8 extreme conditions, ntrends in climate and weather,over the long term that have t

43、he potential to result in substantialimpacts to the local built and natural environment, includingfinancial impacts.3.1.9 extreme temperature risk, nrating systems forvulnerability, especially to high temperatures in urban heat sinkareas.3.1.10 extreme weather events, ncatastrophic storms, highwinds

44、, tornadoes, hurricanes, floods, acute water shortages,wildfires, blizzards, heat waves or any other related instances,causing significant injury, loss of life or property damage.These phenomena are at the extremes of the historicaldistribution, including especially severe or unseasonal condi-tions.

45、3.1.11 extreme weather patterns, nsignificant change inphysical, climactic events lasting for an extended period oftime. Includes major changes in storm frequency, duration orintensity; temperature; precipitation patterns; or wind patterns,among others, that occur over several decades or longer.3.1.

46、12 fire risk, nvarious rating systems to determine thelikelihood of a fire, given weather and wind conditions. TheNational Fire Protection Association has a rating system3.1.13 flood risk, nvarious rating systems to determine theflood zone associated with flooding and water damage. Ratingsystem term

47、inology includes various flood zones as defined byFEMAand State agencies for rainfall and tidal events. This caninclude the 5, 10, 25, 50,100 and 500-year events. The100-Year flood level and floodplain are the typical standard todefine severe flood levels and flood extent. The 100-year eventrisk is

48、also defined as a one-in-100 or 1% likelihood ofoccurring in any given year. This includes chronic flooding.3.1.14 green buildings, nas defined in ASTM E2114,Standard Terminology Relative to the Performance of Build-ings and E2432, Guide for General Principles of SustainabilityRelative to Buildings.

49、 E2114, E24323.1.15 green infrastructure, nan adaptable term used todescribe an array of products, technologies, and practices thatuse natural systems or engineered systems that mimic naturalprocesses to enhance overall environmental quality andprovide utility services. Green Infrastructure techniques usesoils and vegetation to infiltrate, evaporate, transpire, and/orrecycle stormwater runoff. When used as components of astormwater management system, Green Infrastructure practicessuch as green roofs, porous pavement, rain gardens, andvegetated swale