ASTM E2357-2011 Standard Test Method for Determining Air Leakage of Air Barrier Assemblies《测定气密层组件的漏气量的标准试验方法》.pdf

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1、Designation: E2357 11Standard Test Method forDetermining Air Leakage of Air Barrier Assemblies1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E2357; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A

2、number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers the determination of the airleakage rate of air barrier assemblies that are used in buildingenclosures. This pr

3、ocedure measures the air leakage of arepresentative air barrier assembly before and after exposure tospecific conditioning cycles and then assigns a rating depen-dent upon the results. Although this is a laboratory procedure,the method may also be applied to site mockups.1.2 The values stated in SI

4、units are to be regarded asstandard. No other units of measurement are included in thisstandard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health p

5、ractices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2E283 Test Method for Determining Rate of Air LeakageThrough Exterior Windows, Curtain Walls, and DoorsUnder Specified Pressure Differences Across the SpecimenE330 Test Method f

6、or Structural Performance of ExteriorWindows, Doors, Skylights and Curtain Walls by UniformStatic Air Pressure DifferenceE631 Terminology of Building ConstructionsE783 Test Method for Field Measurement of Air LeakageThrough Installed Exterior Windows and DoorsE1677 Specification for an Air Barrier (

7、AB) Material orSystem for Low-Rise Framed Building WallsE2178 Test Method for Air Permeance of Building Materi-als3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 For definitions of general terms related to buildingconstruction used in this test method, refer to TerminologyE631.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific

8、to This Standard:3.2.1 air barriera designated “plane” of reduced air flowbetween different environments.3.2.2 air barrier accessorya transitional component ofthe air barrier that provides continuity.3.2.3 air barrier assemblythe air barrier materials andaccessories that provide a continuous designa

9、ted plane to themovement of air through portions of building enclosure assem-blies.3.2.4 air barrier materiala primary element that providesa continuous barrier to the movement of air.3.2.5 air barrier systema combination of air barrier as-semblies installed to provide a continuous barrier to themov

10、ement of air through building enclosures.3.2.6 air leakage ratethe quantitative measure of airpassage through a set surface area of an assembly within agiven time period under a pressure differential between the twosides of the assembly.3.2.7 building enclosurea system of building componentsand mate

11、rials designed and installed in such a manner as toprovide a barrier between different environments, includingdissimilar interior environments.3.2.8 continuityan uninterrupted succession of an airbarrier materials, accessories and assemblies.3.2.9 durabilitythe ability of a building component toperf

12、orm its required functions over a period of time within theenvironment to which it is exposed.3.2.10 negative pressureair pressure on one side of abuilding enclosure lower than on the other side.3.2.11 positive pressureair pressure on one side of abuilding enclosure higher than on the other side.4.

13、Summary of Test Method4.1 This test method establishes a specimen preparationprotocol with which an air barrier assembly may be evaluated.A test specimen is constructed and tested in separate pressures.Up to three specimens are constructed, each additionally1This test method is under the jurisdictio

14、n of ASTM Committee E06 onPerformance of Buildings and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E06.41on Air Leakage and Ventilation Performance.Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2011. Published October 2011. Originallyapproved in 2005. Last previous edition approved in 2005 as E235705. DOI:10.1

15、520/E2357-11.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor D

16、rive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.representing different field conditions. Specimen 3 is optionaland may be combined with Specimen 2. By applying airpressure differentials across the specimens in stages, the airbarrier and system components may be evaluated as to the

17、irspecific air leakage.5. Significance and Use5.1 This method is intended to simulate the performance ofvarious air barrier materials/accessories when combined intoan assembly. Based upon the results of the measurements, thisprocedure then assigns an air leakage rating for the air barrierassembly.5.

18、2 This method does not purport to establish all criterianecessary for consideration in the selection of an air barrierassembly. The results are intended to be used for comparisonpurposes and may not represent the field installed performanceof the air barrier assembly when installed as part of an air

19、barrier system in a building. However, the results of these testsmay be useful in determining the appropriate use of a specifiedair barrier system assembly.5.3 This method does not purport to establish all criterianecessary for air barrier systems of all construction types. TestMethod E2178 provides

20、 an air permeance test method fortesting of some air barrier materials. Specification E1677provides a specification for air barrier systems for low-riseframed building walls.6. Sampling6.1 For each air barrier assembly, up to three specimensshall be tested as described in Annex A1. The proponent may

21、elect not to prepare and test specimen three or combine thedetails of Specimen 3 with Specimen 2.7. Test Apparatus7.1 The description of the apparatus in this section isgeneral in nature. Any suitable arrangement of equipmentcapable of maintaining the required test tolerances is permitted.7.2 Test C

22、hamberA well-sealed box, wall, or other appa-ratus into or against which the specimen is mounted andsecured for testing. An air supply shall be provided to allow apositive or negative pressure differential to be applied acrossthe specimen without significant extraneous losses. The cham-ber shall be

23、capable of withstanding the differential testpressures that may be encountered in this procedure. At leastone static air pressure tap shall be provided on each side of thespecimen to measure the test pressure differences. The pressuretap shall be located in an area of the chamber in which pressurere

24、adings will not be affected by any supply air. The air supplyopening to the chamber shall be located in an area in which itdoes not directly impinge upon the test specimen.7.2.1 Supply Air SystemA controllable blower, exhaustfan, or reversible blower designed to provide the required airflow at the s

25、pecified test pressure difference. The system shouldprovide essentially constant air flow and cyclic loads at thespecified test pressure difference for a time period sufficient toobtain readings of air flow.7.2.2 Pressure Measuring ApparatusA device to measurethe differential test pressures to 62 %

26、of setpoint or 62.5 Pa,whichever is greater.7.2.3 Air Flow Metering SystemA device to measure theair flow into the test chamber or through the test specimen.7.3 This test method is intended for laboratory use. Personsinterested in performing field air leakage tests on air barrierassemblies should re

27、ference Test Method E783.8. Sample Preparation8.1 Air Leakage and Structural Performance Tests:8.1.1 As the air barrier assembly is site-assembled, thespecimens tested shall be representative of the site assembly.Therefore the test specimens shall be fabricated as prescribedby the proponent in provi

28、ding for the specimen constructionrequired herein.8.2 Air Leakage and Structural Performance Test Speci-mens:8.2.1 This test method specifies a minimum of (2) speci-mens for testing. Annex A2 describes the requirements of thetest specimens. To meet these requirements, one specimen shallbe an opaque

29、wall (Fig. A1.1) and one specimen shall havepenetrations, terminations and connections as outlined inAnnex A2, Fig. A1.2. The test specimens are to be conditionedprior to being submitted to the structural performance qualifi-cation test program and subsequently, to the air leakage rateprocedure. Pho

30、tographs are to be taken of original test speci-mens including joining details.8.3 Conditioning for Tests:8.3.1 Unless otherwise stated, the specimens shall be tested“as received.” No modifications to the proponents assemblyinstructions are permitted.8.3.2 If the evaluation of the aged performance o

31、f the airbarrier assemblies is desired by the proponent, the specimensmay be conditioned prior too testing by exposure, ultravioletradiation or thermal cycling, or both.9. Test Procedure9.1 Air Leakage:9.1.1 The air leakage rate shall be measured at each of theair pressure differences across the tes

32、t specimen in accordancewith Test Method E283.9.1.2 Air Leakage Test ConditionsThe air leakage rate ofthe specimens, for both positive and negative cases, shall bedetermined with a minimum of seven (7) measurementsconducted across the sample in accordance with Test MethodE283. The seven (7) measurem

33、ents shall be as follows: 25 Pa,50 Pa, 75 Pa, 100 Pa, 150 Pa, 250 Pa, and 300 Pa.9.1.3 ResultsThe air leakage results for each test seriesshall be curve fit using a least squares procedure to establishthe relationship between pressure difference and leakage. See11.4 for the data fitting requirements

34、.9.2 Wind Pressure Conditioning:9.2.1 After the initial leakage testing, the specimen shall beexposed to the pressure loading in Table 1. The loadingschedule for application of positive and negative pressure shallbe as outlined by the graph presented in Annex A3 at themaximum values contained in Tab

35、le 1 for sustained loads,cyclic loads and gust loads.9.2.2 Observations to be ReportedAfter each loadingstage (sustained, cyclic or gust loading), the air barrier assem-bly shall be inspected by the testing agency for signs ofE2357 112fracture, delamination, loosening of fasteners, and so forth. The

36、air barrier assembly shall not demonstrate any change instructure, which would affect the integrity of the assembly.Photographs are to be taken of any failures.9.3 Post Conditioning Air Permeance:9.3.1 The air leakage test of 9.1 shall be repeated after theconditioning listed in 9.2. The post condit

37、ioning permeancevalues shall be used to establish the system rate. (See Section10.)9.4 Deflection Measurements:9.4.1 Maximum deflections of the air barrier material andthe test specimen shall be recorded at the wind pressures asoutlined in Table 2 for both positive and negative pressures.The measure

38、ments shall be taken after the post conditioningleakage tests of 9.3.10. Calculation10.1 Establishing Air Leakage Rate:10.1.1 The determination of the air leakage rate for theassembly shall be based on the results of tests of the wallassemblies as shown in Annex A1. The referenced air leakagerate fo

39、r each wall assembly shall be the higher data point valueleakage rate at 75 Pa for the exfiltration and infiltration cases.10.1.1.1 The reference base air leakage rate at 75 Padetermined for Specimen 1, the Opaque Wall, shall be thesystem air leakage rating assigned to the assembly providedthat the

40、air leakage at 75 Pa obtained for Specimen 2 is no morethan 10 % greater than the reference base air leakage forSpecimen 1. The air leakage rate of the specimen to bereported, for both positive and negative cases, shall be the airleakage rate of the specimen after it has been subjected to thestructu

41、ral loading schedule in accordance with 9.2. (Regressionline must go through point of origin or assembly behaviorduring test must be explained.)11. Report11.1 Report the following information:11.1.1 GeneralTesting agency, date and time of test, anddate of report.11.1.2 Sample DescriptionProponent, p

42、roduct manufac-turer, product type, related materials, and other pertinentinformation; description of the test frame, equipment used,penetrations made, conditioning, manufacturers installationguidelines, material qualities; specimen area.11.1.3 Drawings of SpecimenDetailed drawings of thespecimen sh

43、owing dimensioned window dimensions andarrangement, framing location, panel arrangement, installationand spacing of anchorage, flashing details, and any otherpertinent construction details. Any modifications made on thespecimen to obtain the reported test values shall be noted.Photographs of detail

44、conditions may be submitted in lieu ofdrawings of details.11.1.4 Location of Air SealDetailed drawing showing theair seal between the test specimen and the test chamber ormounting frame. The drawing shall clearly indicate the loca-tion of the air seal relative to the specimen frame.11.1.5 Test Param

45、etersList or describe the specified testpressure difference(s), whether the tests were conducted forinfiltration or exfiltration, and whether a positive or negativetest pressure was used.11.1.6 Pressure Differences and LeakageA statement ortabulation of the pressure differentials exerted across thes

46、pecimen during the test and the corresponding specimen airleakage (Qs(f)and Qs(s) and the two air leakage rates (q1andqA) for both the face and sides of the specimen.TABLE 1 Sustained Loads, Cyclic Loads and Gust LoadsNOTEThe wind loads specified in Table 1 are not intended to represent conditions f

47、or a specific building; rather they are intended to provide a uniformbasis for comparison purposes. The wind loads are based on the assumption that the air barrier will take the full wind load and that the air barrier wouldsee two severe storms in the first 15 years in service, The Q10 design values

48、 of 400/600 Pa for sustained wind conditions originates from values in theNational Building Code of Canada for window design. Design values for window glass area were used because windows are part of both exterior envelopeand the air barrier, and must take the full wind load on the building. The use

49、r may consult the map in Fig. 1 (Basic Wind Speeds in Miles per Hour),Specification E1677, and Test Method E330 for guidance on wind speeds for the area where a specific building is or will be located.For geographical areaswhere pressure designvalue isSpecimens as inaccordance with Appendix X1for wood frame, metalor masonryP1,P1sustained for 1 hA(Pa)P2,P22000 cyclesB(Pa)P3,P3gust wind(Pa)Q100.20 kPa Specimen 1, 2, 3 600 800 1200ASpecimens shall be conditioned for a minimum of 24 h at laboratory conditions prior to loading.BThe 2000 cycles can be appli