ASTM E2329-2014 Standard Practice for Identification of Seized Drugs《扣押毒品鉴定的标准实践规程》.pdf

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1、Designation: E2329 10E2329 14Standard Practice forIdentification of Seized Drugs1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E2329; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in pare

2、ntheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This practice describes minimum criteria for the qualitative analysis (identification) of seized drugs.1.2 Listed are a number of analytical techniqu

3、es for the identification of seized drugs. These techniques are grouped on the basisof their discriminating power. Analytical schemes based on these groupings are described.1.3 Additional information is found in Guides E1968, E1969, and E2125, and E2548 and Practices E2326, E2327and,E2327E2549, and

4、E2764.1.4 This practice does not replace knowledge, skill, ability, experience, education or training and should be used in conjunctionwith professional judgment.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilityof the

5、user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatorylimitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2E1968 Guide for Microcrystal Testing in Forensic Analysis of CocaineE1969 Guide for Microcrystal Testing in Fore

6、nsic Analysis of Methamphetamine and AmphetamineE2125 Guide for Microcrystal Testing in Forensic Analysis of Phencyclidine and Its AnaloguesE2326 Practice for Education and Training of Seized-Drug AnalystsE2327 Practice for Quality Assurance of Laboratories Performing Seized-Drug AnalysisE2548 Guide

7、 for Sampling Seized Drugs for Qualitative and Quantitative AnalysisE2549 Practice for Validation of Seized-Drug Analytical MethodsE2764 Practice for Uncertainty Assessment in the Context of Seized-Drug Analysis2.2 Other Document:Scientific Working GroupSWGDRUG Scientific Working Group for the Analy

8、sis of Seized DrugsRecommendations for:Education and Training, Quality Assurance, Methods of Analysis33. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsTerms that may assist in interpreting this practice are found in the SWGDRUG glossary.34. Significance and Use4.1 These are minimum requirements applicable to the identi

9、fication of seized drugs.4.1.1 As these are minimum requirements, it should be recognized that they may not be sufficient for the identification of alldrugs in all circumstances. Within these requirements, it is up to the individual laboratorys management to determine whichcombination of analytical

10、techniques best satisfies the requirements of its jurisdiction.4.2 It is recognized that the correct Correct identification of a drug or chemical depends on the use of an analytical scheme basedon validated methods (see Practice E2549) and the competence of the analyst. It is expected that in the ab

11、sence of unforeseen error,an appropriate analytical scheme effectively results in no uncertainty in reported identifications.identifications (see PracticeE2764).1 This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E30 on Forensic Sciences and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E30.0

12、1 on Criminalistics.Current edition approved Dec. 15, 2010Dec. 1, 2014. Published December 2010December 2014. Originally approved in 2004. Last previous edition approved in 20092010as E2329 09.E2329 10. DOI: 10.1520/E2329-1010.1520/E2329-14.2 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.

13、astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.3 Available from the Scientific Working Group for the Analysis of Seized Drugs (SWGDRUG), http:/www.swgdrug.org.This doc

14、ument is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as

15、 appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States14.3 This practice requires the use of multiple uncorrela

16、ted techniques. It does not discourage the use of any particular methodwithin an analytical scheme. Unique requirements in different jurisdictions may dictate the actual practices followed by a particularlaboratory.5. Categories of Analytical Techniques5.1 For the purpose of this practice, technique

17、s for the analysis of drug samples are classified into three categories (see Table1) based on their maximum potential discriminating power. However, the classification of a technique may be lower, if the sample,analyte, or mode of operation diminishes its discriminating power.5.1.1 Examples of dimin

18、ished discriminating power may include:5.1.1.1 An infrared spectroscopy technique applied to a mixture which produces a combined spectrum, and5.1.1.2 A mass spectrometry technique which only produces molecular weight information.6. Identification Criteria6.1 This practice requires that the following

19、 minimum criteria be followedutilized when making analytical identifications:6.1.1 When a validated Category A technique is incorporated into an analytical scheme, then at least one other technique (fromeither Category A, B, or C) shall be used.6.1.2 When a Category A technique is not used, then at

20、least three different validated techniques shall be employed. Two of thethree techniques shall be based on uncorrelated techniques from Category B.6.1.2.1 For cannabis, macroscopic and microscopic examinations will be considered as uncorrelated techniques fromCategory B when observations include doc

21、umented details of botanical features. Laboratories shall define the acceptance criteriafor these features for each examination.6.1.2.2 For exhibits of cannabis that lack sufficient observable macroscopic and microscopic botanical detail (for example,extracts or residues), 9-tetrahydrocannabinol (TH

22、C) or other cannabinoids shall be identified utilizing the principles set forth in5.1.16.1.1 and 5.1.26.1.2.6.1.3 An identification Identification of botanical material may be made utilizing morphological characteristics (Category B)alone provided sufficient botanical features appropriate for identi

23、fication are observed. Such examinations shall be made byanalysts competent in botanical identifications. In this context botanical competence applies to those examiners recognized asprofessional botanists or those assessed to be competent by such. Identifications of chemical components contained in

24、 botanicals(mescaline, opiates, psilocin, etc.) should rely on principles of chemical identification set forth in 5.1.16.1.1 and 5.1.26.1.2.5.1.4 All Catagory A and botanical identifications shall have data that are reviewable. Where a Catagory A technique is notused, the requirements for reviewable

25、 data applies to Catagory B techniques.6.1.4 All Category A and botanical identifications shall have data that are reviewable. Where a Category A technique is notused, the requirements for reviewable data applies to Category B techniques. Examples of reviewable data are:6.1.4.1 Printed spectra, chro

26、matograms and photographs, and digital images or photocopies (color where appropriate) of thinlayer chromatography (TLC) plates;6.1.4.2 Contemporaneous documented peer review, as well as photographs and digital images, for microcrystalline tests;6.1.4.3 Recording of detailed descriptions or digital

27、images of morphological characteristics for cannabis and botanicalmaterials (only); and6.1.4.4 Reference to published data for pharmaceutical identifiers.6.1.5 For the use of any method to be considered of value, test results shall be considered “positive.” “positive” (for instance,it must meet the

28、acceptance criteria defined in the method validation operating protocol). When possible, data from a test resultshould be compared to data generated from a reference material which has been analyzed under the same analytical conditions (seeTABLE 1 Categories of Analytical TechniquesCategory A Catego

29、ry B Category CInfrared Spectroscopy Capillary Electrophoresis Color TestsMass Spectrometry Gas Chromatography FluorescenceSpectroscopyNuclear MagneticResonanceSpectroscopyIon Mobility Spectrometry ImmunoassayRaman Spectroscopy Liquid Chromatography Melting PointX-Ray Diffractometry Microcrystalline

30、 Tests Ultraviolet SpectroscopyPharmaceutical IdentifiersThin LayerChromatographyCannabis Only:MacroscopicExaminationMicroscopicExaminationE2329 142Practice E2327). While “negative” test results provide useful information for ruling out the presence of a particular drug or drugclass, these results h

31、ave little value toward establishing the forensic identification of a drug.5.1.7 The laboratory shall employ quality assurance measures to ensure the results correspond to the exhibit.6.1.6 The laboratory shall employ quality assurance measures to ensure the results correspond to the exhibit. Exampl

32、es ofquality assurance measures are:6.1.6.1 The use of two separate samplings,6.1.6.2 Sample identification procedures such as bar-coding and witness checks, and6.1.6.3 Good laboratory practices (for example, positive and negative controls, one sample opened at a time, procedural blanks).6.1.7 In ca

33、ses where hyphenated techniques are used (for example, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, liquidchromatography-diode array ultraviolet spectrophotometry), they will be considered as separate techniques provided that theresults from each are used.6.1.8 The chosen analytical scheme shall demonstrat

34、e the identity of the specific drug present and shall preclude a false positiveidentification and minimize false negatives. Where a scheme has limitations, this shall be reflected in the final interpretation.in-terpretation (see Practice E2764).7. Keywords7.1 identification; qualitative analysis; se

35、ized drugsASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such r

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