ASTM E2170-2001 Standard Test Method for Determining Anaerobic Biodegradation Potential of Organic Chemicals Under Methanogenic Conditions《在甲烷条件下有机化学药品厌氧生物降解潜力测定的标准试验方法》.pdf
《ASTM E2170-2001 Standard Test Method for Determining Anaerobic Biodegradation Potential of Organic Chemicals Under Methanogenic Conditions《在甲烷条件下有机化学药品厌氧生物降解潜力测定的标准试验方法》.pdf》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《ASTM E2170-2001 Standard Test Method for Determining Anaerobic Biodegradation Potential of Organic Chemicals Under Methanogenic Conditions《在甲烷条件下有机化学药品厌氧生物降解潜力测定的标准试验方法》.pdf(5页珍藏版)》请在麦多课文档分享上搜索。
1、Designation: E 2170 01Standard Test Method forDetermining Anaerobic Biodegradation Potential of OrganicChemicals Under Methanogenic Conditions1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E 2170; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in th
2、e case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers screening procedures for thedetermining the biodegradation po
3、tential of organic chemicalsunder methanogenic conditions using an inoculum fromanaerobic sewage treatment. The conditions described in thistest method are not necessarily optimal for biodegradation,since it involves a dilute inoculum and a relatively highconcentration of test chemical.1.2 The test
4、method is applicable to most organic chemicals,assuming that they can be accurately dosed into the testsystems. The test is not applicable to chemicals that areinhibitory at the concentration used in the test or those whosevolatility generates significant head pressure in the test vessels.1.3 This s
5、tandard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific hazardstatement
6、s are given in Section 8.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D 1193 Specification for Reagent WaterD 5904 Test Method for Total Carbon, Inorganic Carbon,and Organic Carbon in Water by Ultraviolet, PersulfateOxidation, and Membrane Conductivity DetectionD 5907 Test Method for Filterable and No
7、n-filterable Mat-ter in Water3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 biodegradation potentialthe ability of an organicchemical to undergo partial or complete biodegradation underthe conditions of the test. In the context of this test, biodegra-dation is evidenced by the production of methane and carbond
8、ioxide, which is measured as an increased pressure in theheadspace and increased dissolved inorganic carbon in themedium.3.1.2 digester sludgesludge which is obtained from ananaerobic reactor used to reduce the solids recovered andproduced during the treatment of wastewater. Such reactors aregeneral
9、ly operated at 35C with a typical retention time of 25to 30 days.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 The test chemical and an anaerobic digester sludgeinoculum are suspended in a defined anaerobic medium andincubated in a sealed vessel at 35C. The increase in headspacepressure resulting from the production
10、 of carbon dioxide andmethane is measured at various time intervals using a pressuremeasuring device. At the termination of the test, the level ofdissolved carbon dioxide is assayed by measuring dissolvedinorganic carbon in the medium. The amount of total gasproduced from the test chemical is determ
11、ined by comparingtotal gas production in the experimental treatments and theblanks.5. Significance and Use5.1 Biodegradation is an important process for the removalof many chemical substances in anaerobic environments. Inmethanogenic environments, this process involves dissimila-tion to carbon dioxi
12、de and methane.5.2 This test method has been developed to screen organicchemicals for anaerobic biodegradation potential under metha-nogenic conditions, where there is no ingress of oxygen. Ahigh-biodegradability result in this test method is good evi-dence that the test substance will be biodegrada
13、ble in wastetreatment plant anaerobic digesters and in many natural envi-ronments. Conversely, a low-biodegradation result may havecauses other than poor biodegradability of the test substance.Inhibition of the microbial inoculum by the test substance mayhave occurred at the concentrations tested, o
14、r conditions in thetest may have been inappropriate for the development of anacclimated microbial population. Toxicity should be suspectedwhen the gas production in the blanks exceeds that in the test1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E47 onBiological Effects and Environme
15、ntal Fate and is the direct responsibility ofSubcommittee E47.04 on Environmental Fate of Chemical Substances.Current edition approved Oct. 10, 2001. Published December 2001.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For
16、Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.vessels. In such cases, further work is needed to assess theanaerobic bi
17、odegradation potential of the chemical. An esti-mate of the expected environmental concentration will help toput any observed toxic effects into perspective.6. Apparatus6.1 Incubator, water or sand bath, thermostatically con-trolled at 35 6 2C.6.2 Pressure-Resistant Glass Test Vessels, each fitted w
18、ith agas-tight septum, capable of withstanding about 2 bar. From apractical point of view, the use of 160 mL serum bottles, whichare often described in catalogs as 125 mL serum bottles, sealedwith butyl rubber serum stoppers with crimped aluminum capsis recommended.6.3 Pressure Measuring DeviceAn ex
19、ample of such adevice would be a pressure transducer attached to a syringeneedle, which may include a three-way gas-tight valve forreleasing excess pressure. The device should be calibratedunder conditions relevant to the test setup.6.4 Carbon Analyzer, suitable for the direct determinationof organi
20、c and inorganic carbon in the test vessels.6.5 System for preparing and manipulating media, inoculaand samples under anaerobic conditions. The system could bean anaerobic chamber or gas sparging system.7. Reagents and Materials7.1 Purity of ReagentsReagent grade chemicals should beused in all tests.
21、 Unless otherwise indicated, it is intended thatall reagents should conform to the specifications of theCommittee on Analytical Reagents of the American ChemicalSociety, where such specifications are available. Other gradesmay be used, provided it is first ascertained that the reagent isof sufficien
22、tly high purity to permit its use without lesseningthe accuracy of the determination.7.2 Purity of the WaterUnless otherwise indicated, refer-ence to water shall be understood to mean reagent water asdefined by Type IV of Specification D 1193.7.3 Test MediumThe test medium consists of the follow-ing
23、 constituents in water.Anyhdrous potassium dihydrogen phosphate (KH2PO4) 0.27 g/LDisodium hydrogen phosphate dodecahydrate (NaHPO4-12H2O) 1.12 g/LAmmonium chloride (NH4Cl) 0.53 g/LCalcium chloride dihydrate (CaCl2-2H2O) 0.075 g/LMagnesium chloride hexahydrate (MgCl2-6H2O) 0.10 g/LIron (II) chloride
24、tetrahydrate (FeCl2-4H2O) 0.02 g/LResazurin (oxygen indicator) 0.001 g/LSodium sulfide nonahydrate (Na2S-9H2O) 0.1 g/L7.4 With the exception of sodium sulfide, concentrated (1003) stock solutions can be prepared for each constituent.8. Hazards8.1 This method includes the use of hazardous chemicals.A
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