ASTM E2150-2013 Standard Classification for Life-Cycle Environmental Work ElementsEnvironmental Cost Element Structure《生命周期环境工作元素的标准分类 环境成本要素结构》.pdf

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1、Designation: E2150 09E2150 13Standard Classification forLife-Cycle Environmental Work ElementsEnvironmentalCost Element Structure1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E2150; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revi

2、sion, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This standard establishes a classification of the comprehensive hierarchical list of elements for li

3、fe-cycle environmentalwork. The classification is based on the Interagency Environmental Cost Element Structure (ECES).2 Elements, as defined here,are major components common to environmental projects.3 The elements represent the life-cycle activities for environmentalprojects regardless of the proj

4、ect design specification, construction method, technology type, or materials used. The classificationserves as a consistent reference for cost estimating, analysis, and monitoring during the various phases of the project life cycle.Using ECES ensures consistency, over time and from project to projec

5、t, in the cost management and performance measurementof environmental projects. It also enhances reporting at all phases of a project, from assessment and studies through design,construction, operations and maintenance (O communicatingproject data between installations or agencies and industry; cost

6、 and schedule estimating; historical cost and schedule datacollection; historical project data collection for technology deployments and project conditions; validating and calibrating costestimates and software tools; and establishing and disseminating best practices and lessons learned.4.6 The hier

7、archical nature of the classification allows for collecting data using more detailed lower level elements or forsummarizing data at higher levels.FIG. 1 Level 1 Life-Cycle PhasesE2150 1334.7 ECES, as described in this classification, is being included in the RemedialAction Cost Estimating Requiremen

8、t (RACER)6system and the Environmental Cost Analysis System (ECAS).7 RACER is used for estimating cost and ECAS is used to collect,maintain, and analyze the cost of completed projects. Federal agencies performing environmental work intend to incorporate theECES.5. Basis of Classification5.1 In envir

9、onmental management work, the life cycle of the project is represented by six different regulatory phases. Withminor variations in the definitions, these life-cycle phases apply to most or all environmental projects including environmentalrestoration, waste management, decontamination and decommissi

10、oning, ordnance and explosive retrievals, underground storagetanks (USTs), and aboveground storage tanks (ASTs). In addition to the six regulatory life-cycle phases, a Cross Cut cost categorywas added to address costs not attributable to a particular phase or to a specific project. Fig. 1 shows the

11、life-cycle nature ofenvironmental phases.As can be seen from Fig. 1, the phases may not be linear and their sequencing may be iterative since resultsfrom one phase may require the execution of earlier phases again, to meet the regulatory requirement. Additional information oneach of the six Level 1

12、phases is provided in Fig. X1.1 of Appendix X1. The six regulatory life-cycle phases are Phase 1(Assessment), Phase 2 (Studies), Phase 3 (Design), Phase 4 (Construction), Phase 5 (Operations and Maintenance), and Phase 6(Surveillance and Long-Term Monitoring). Cross Cut covers all phases of the life

13、cycle.5.2 Whereas Level 1 depicts the life-cycle phases or timeframe of environmental work, Level 2 of the classification representsthe major work elements that need to be performed in an environmental project. There are thirty-four major work elementsincluded in Level 2 of the classification. In ad

14、dition, there is an “Other,” element available for those unique or special tasks thatcannot be described closely by available elements. “Other” elements are designated by .9x numbering system. For the purposesof this standard, only two levels are discussed, but more detailed levels are available. Fi

15、g. 2 illustrates a sample Level 2 for theConstruction phase. Fig. 3 represents a matrix of the Level 1 elements and how they apply to each of the Level 2 categories.Phases 16 are listed by their phase number. The cross cut category is listed as “X.”5.3 As seen from Fig. 3, the columns on the left-ha

16、nd side have been reserved for Level 1 life-cycle phases. The numbers inthese columns provide a general guidance on the applicability of that phase to the Level 2 major work elements that are shownin the two columns under the Major Work Elements heading. For example, the Level 2 element, Preparation

17、 of Plans, is markedwith numbers 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 in the left-hand columns. This means that this element can be applied or conducted duringPhases 16. If any of the numbered rows under the column entitled Cross Cut is marked with letter “X,” then that element iscross-cutting and the costs apply t

18、o more than one phase. The numbers are not necessarily all inclusive or definitive. There maybe cases where an element may be applicable to a phase that is not marked or may be marked and not applicable for that specificproject. This structure is flexible, and the user can use other phases even thou

19、gh they are not marked in the columns.5.4 Positioned between the Cross Cut column and Level 2 is the Sub-Project Identifier that uses the alphabetical designationsfrom a to z. The purpose of the Sub-Project Identifier is to allow users to differentiate between similar tasks that have the samedesigna

20、tion number. For example, there may be two different Disposal Facility/Process, 4.13 (Level 1Phase 4 and Level 2element .13) to be constructed. To distinguish the first facility from the second, the letters “a” and “b” (that is, “4.a .13” and“4.b .13”) could be used to designate the first and second

21、 facility respectively. The use of the Sub-Project Identifier is not typicalin many environmental projects, but it is included to provide flexibility to the structure.6. Description of Environmental Cost Elements6.1 The following describes the Level 1 phases. These descriptions outline what elements

22、 are generally included and, asappropriate, provide guidelines on what is not included. Generic definitions of the phases are included as are more specificapplication of the life-cycle phases to various types of environmental projects. Additional information on each of the six Level 1phases is provi

23、ded in Fig. X1.1 of Appendix X1.6.1.1 Below is a generic definition of Level 1 phases.6.1.1.1 Phase 1: AssessmentAssess and inspect site and prepare site inspection reports.6 RACER is a parametric cost estimating tool for environmental projects.7 ECAS is being was developed by U.S. Department of Ene

24、rgy and is being used to capture cost the costs of completed environmental projects. Please contact BryanSkokan at 301-903-7612 for moreAllen Moe at 5132460230 or Kevin Barry at 5132461371 for further information.FIG. 2 Hierarchical Organization of ECES Classification StandardE2150 134FIG. 3 Level 1

25、 and Level 2 Classification MatrixE2150 1356.1.1.2 Phase 2: StudiesRisk assessment, characterization and investigations, development and analysis of treatment orremediation options, and treatability studies.6.1.1.3 Phase 3: DesignEngineering design and pre-construction activities of treatment or rem

26、ediation alternatives.6.1.1.4 Phase 4: ConstructionConstruction of selected treatment or remediation alternatives. Includes start-up, but excludesoperations.6.1.1.5 Phase 5: Operations and MaintenanceIncludes all operations and maintenance, after startup and testing, for theselected treatment or rem

27、ediation alternatives. Examples of O therefore, it is not part of a treatment trainand does not require hazardous material handling or transportation.6.2.22 (.22) Ex Situ Biological Treatment:6.2.22.1 Phase 4This element includes the procurement of treatment equipment (the equipment can be acquired

28、for oneproject or can be used on multiple projects or subprojects and can be either portable or stationary), and installation of biologicaltreatment systems. Biological treatment is the microbial transformation of organic compounds. Biological treatment processes canalter inorganic compounds such as

29、 ammonia and nitrate, and can change the oxidation state of certain metal compounds. Examplesof ex situ biological treatments include activated sludge, composting, trickling filters, anaerobic digestion, and aerobic digestion.6.2.22.2 Phase 5This element includes the O therefore, it is not part of a

30、 treatment trainand does not require hazardous material handling or transportation.6.2.24 (.24) Ex Situ Chemical Treatment:6.2.24.1 Phase 4This element includes the procurement of treatment equipment (the equipment can be acquired for oneproject or can be used on multiple projects or subprojects and

31、 can be either portable or stationary), and installation of chemicaltreatment systems. Chemical treatment is the process in which hazardous wastes are chemically changed to remove toxiccontaminants from the environment. The types of ex situ treatments include oxidation/reduction, solvent extraction,

32、 chlorination,ozonation, ion exchange, neutralization, hydrolysis, photolysis, dechlorination, electrolysis reactions, and other technologies.6.2.24.2 Phase 5This element includes the O therefore, it is not part of a treatment train and does not requirehazardous material handling or transportation.E

33、2150 13106.2.25.3 Phase 6With some in situ physical treatment methods such as coating, this element includes the regular applicationof paints, adhesive substances, or bonding substances on structures or equipment to contain the contaminants or to reduce exposureto contaminants as part of the operati

34、on and maintenance or long-term monitoring activity.6.2.26 (.26) Ex Situ Physical Treatment:6.2.26.1 Phase 4This element includes the procurement of treatment equipment (the equipment can be acquired for oneproject or can be used on multiple projects or subprojects and can be either portable or stat

35、ionary), and installation of physicaltreatment systems. Physical treatment is the physical separation of contaminants from solid, liquid, or gaseous waste streams.Physical treatments generally do not result in total destruction or separation of the contaminants in the waste stream, consequentlypost-

36、treatment is often required. Ex situ physical treatments include filtration, sedimentation, flocculation, precipitation,equalization, evaporation, stripping, soil washing, and carbon adsorption. Cost includes process equipment, labor, and materialassociated with the construction or installation of t

37、he treatment unit.6.2.26.2 Phase 5This element includes the O therefore, it is not part of a treatment train anddoes not require hazardous material handling or transportation.6.2.28 (.28) Ex Situ Thermal Treatment:6.2.28.1 Phase 4This element includes the procurement of treatment equipment (the equi

38、pment can be acquired for onespecific project or can be used on multiple projects or subprojects and can be either portable or stationary), and installation ofthermal treatment systems. Thermal treatment is the destruction of wastes through exposure to high temperature in combustionchambers and ener

39、gy recovery devices. Ex situ thermal treatments include several processes capable of incinerating a wide rangeof liquid and solid wastes such as fluidized bed, rotary kiln, multiple hearth, infrared, circulating bed, liquid injection, pyrolysis,plasma torch, wet air oxidation, supercritical water ox

40、idation, molten salt destruction, and solar detoxification.6.2.28.2 Phase 5This element includes the Otherefore, it is not part of a treatment train and does not require hazardous material handling or transportation.6.2.30 (.30) Ex Situ Stabilization/Fixation/Encapsulation:6.2.30.1 Phase 4This eleme

41、nt includes the procurement of treatment equipment (the equipment can be acquired for oneproject or can be used on multiple projects or subprojects and can be either portable or stationary), and installation ofstabilization/fixation/encapsulation treatment systems. Stabilization/fixation/encapsulati

42、on processes attempt to improve thehandling and physical characteristics of the wastes, decrease the surface area, limit the solubility of any pollutants and detoxifycontained pollutants. Ex situ treatments include inorganic/asphalt-based encapsulation, sludge stabilization, vitrification, and other

43、technologies.6.2.30.2 Phase 5This element includes the O characterization; code of accounts; cost elements; cost estimation; decommissioning; decontamination; ECES;environmental cost structure; environmental management; environmental restoration; HTRW WBS; life-cycle costs; life-cyclephases; operati

44、ons and maintenance; phases; program management; project management; RCRA; remediation; site investigation;standard classification; surveillance and long-term monitoring; waste management; work breakdown structureAPPENDIXES(Nonmandatory Information)X1. DESCRIPTION OF LEVEL 1 PHASESX1.1 The matrix be

45、low (Fig. X1.1) provides a description of each of the Level 1 phase cost elements. It shows who participates,gives an idea of when each phase begins and ends, lists general activities, and breaks down typical expenditures.E2150 1312FIG. X1.1 Description of Level 1 PhasesE2150 1313X2. DESCRIPTION OF

46、ADJUNCTX2.1 ASTM Standard E2150 09E2150, Standard Classification for Life-Cycle Environmental Work ElementsEnvironmentalCost Element Structure, establishes the first two levels of the cost structure. In many cases, users may require more details ofenvironmental costs than are contained in the Standa

47、rd. This Adjunct provides more detailed elements and definitions of theEnvironmental Cost Element Structure (ECES) at Levels 3, 4, and 5 that are needed to support the Standard.X2.2 The Adjunct includes a table with all five levels of the ECES structure. The descriptions, however, focus on the detai

48、ledelements of work established at Levels 3, 4, and 5. The descriptions indicate what items are included, and as appropriate, notincluded for the element and refer to those elements that are more applicable when performing environmental management work.Each detailed element also includes the phase n

49、umber, a list of subordinate elements, supplemental notes as required, and unitsof measure (UOM). For those programs, projects, or organizations that have a need for a more detailed breakdown of cost elementsFIG. X1.1 Description of Level 1 Phases (continued)E2150 1314than is available in this Adjunct, it is recommended that the detailed breakdown summarize at least to the level provided in theAdjunct.ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Us