ASTM E1893-2008 Standard Guide for Selection and Use of Portable Radiological Survey Instruments for Performing In Situ Radiological Assessments to Support Unrestricted Release fro.pdf
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1、Designation: E 1893 08Standard Guide forSelection and Use of Portable Radiological SurveyInstruments for Performing In Situ RadiologicalAssessments to Support Unrestricted Release from FurtherRegulatory Controls1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E 1893; the number immediately follo
2、wing the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This standard pro
3、vides recommendations on the selec-tion and use of portable instrumentation that is responsive tolevels of radiation that are close to natural background. Theseinstruments are employed to detect the presence of residualradioactivity that is at, or below, the criteria for release fromfurther regulato
4、ry control of a component to be salvaged orreused, or a surface remaining at the conclusion of decontami-nation and/or decommissioning.1.2 The choice of these instruments, their operating charac-teristics and the protocols by which they are calibrated andused will provide adequate assurance that the
5、 measurements ofthe residual radioactivity meet the requirements established forrelease from further regulatory control.1.3 This standard is applicable to the in situ measurement ofradioactive emissions that include:1.3.1 alpha1.3.2 beta (electrons)1.3.3 gamma1.3.4 characteristic x-rays1.3.5 The mea
6、surement of neutron emissions is not includedas part of this standard.1.4 This standard dose not address instrumentation used toassess residual radioactivity levels contained in air samples,surface contamination smears, bulk material removals, orhalf/whole body personnel monitors.1.5 This standard d
7、oes not address records retention require-ments for calibration, maintenance, etc. as these topics areconsidered in several of the referenced documents.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C 998 Practice for Sampling Surface Soil for RadionuclidesC 999 Practice for Soil Sample Preparation for
8、the Deter-mination of RadionuclidesC 1000 Test Method for Radiochemical Determination ofUranium Isotopes in Soil by Alpha SpectrometryC 1133 Test Method for Nondestructive Assay of SpecialNuclear Material in Low-Density Scrap and Waste bySegmented Passive Gamma-Ray ScanningE 170 Terminology Relating
9、 to Radiation Measurementsand DosimetryE 181 Test Methods for Detector Calibration and Analysisof RadionuclidesC 1215 Guide for Preparing and Interpreting Precision andBias Statements in Test Method Standards Used in theNuclear Industry2.2 ANSI Standards:ANSI N323B Radiation Protection Instrumentati
10、on Test andCalibration, Portable Survey Instrumentation for NearBackground Operation3ANSI N42.17A Performance Specifications for HealthPhysics Instrumentation-Portable Instrumentation for Usein Normal Environmental Conditions3ANSI N42.17C Performance Specifications for HealthPhysics Instrumentation-
11、Portable Instrumentation for Usein Extreme Environmental Conditions32.3 National Council on Radiation Protection and Mea-surements:NCRP Report No. 57 Instrumentation and Monitoring1This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E10 on NuclearTechnology and Applications and is the direct resp
12、onsibility of SubcommitteeE10.03 on Radiological Protection for Decontamination and Decommissioning ofNuclear Facilities and Components.Current edition approved June 1, 2008. Published July 2008. Originally approvedin 1997. Last previous edition approved in 2003 as E 1893-97(2003).2For referenced AS
13、TM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3American National Standards Institute, 11 W. 42nd St., 13thFloor, New York,NY
14、100361Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.Methods for Radiation Protection, National Council onRadiation Protection and Measurements, May 19784NCRP Report No. 58 A Handbook of Radioactivity Mea-surement Procedures, Nationa
15、l Council on Radiation Pro-tection and Measurements, 2nd Ed. February 19854NCRP Report No. 112 Calibration of Survey InstrumentsUsed in Radiation Protection for the Assessment ofIonizing Radiation Fields and Radioactive Surface Con-tamination, National Council on Radiation Protection andMeasurements
16、, December 199142.4 International Organization for Standardization (ISO):ISO-4037-4 : 2004 X and Gamma Reference Radiations forCalibrating Dosimeters and Dose-rate Meters and forDetermining their Response as a Function of PhotonEnergy, International Organization for Standardization,19795ISO-6980-2 :
17、 2005 Nuclear energy Reference beta particleradiation - Part 2: Calibration fundamentals related tobasic quantities characterizing the radiation field5ISO-8769 Reference Sources for the Calibration of SurfaceContamination Monitors Beta Emitters (Maximum BetaEnergy Greater than 0.15 MeV) and Alpha Em
18、itters,International Organization for Standardization, 19885ISO 8769-2 : 1996 Reference sources for the calibration ofsurface contamination monitors-Part 2: Electrons of en-ergy less than 0.15 MeV and photons of energy less than1.5 MeVISO-7503-1 Evaluation of Surface Contamination - Part 1:Beta Emit
19、ters (Maximum Beta Energy Greater than 0.15MeV) and Alpha Emitters, International Organization forStandardization, 19885ISO-7503-2 Evaluation of Surface Contamination - Part 2:Tritium Surface Contamination, International Organiza-tion for Standardization, 19885ISO-7503-3 : 2003 Evaluation of Surface
20、 Contamination -Part 3: Isomeric Transition and Electron Capture Emitters,Low Energy Beta Emitters (Ebmax0.15 MeV) emitters - ISO7503-15.5.2.3 tritium - ISO 7503-25.5.2.4 beta (E 4s.NOTE 4Experiments using hidden sources (Co-57) with signal-to-background ratios from 0.6-6 resulted in approximately 7
21、5 % beinglocated based on ratemeter observation alone, compared to approximately90 % for audio response (6).6.4.5 Direct (fixed) Measurements. The estimate of the levelof residual radioactivity is based on a measurement with thesource-detector geometry fixed (stationary). When makingthese fixed meas
22、urements, the following requirements, as aminimum, should be complied with:6.4.5.1 The detector should be coupled to a scaler for thismeasurement.6.4.5.2 If a ratemeter is used with this measurement, a longresponse time should be used ( 20 sec). The detector shall bekept in position for at least thr
23、ee times the time constant of theratemeter.6.4.5.3 The effects of the concavity of the surfaces beingmeasured on instrument efficiency shall be evaluated when thesurface is not flat (examples are given in Appendix X5 for betaemissions).6.4.5.4 For conditions where a visible layer of dirt, oxida-tion
24、, or other coating cannot be removed, the effect onsource-detector response shall be included for alpha and betameasurements (examples are given in Appendix X5 for betaemissions).6.5 Data Interpretation:6.5.1 Alpha and Beta Emissions:6.5.2 The evaluation of surface activity for alpha or betaemission
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