ASTM E1706-2005e1 Standard Test Method for Measuring the Toxicity of Sediment-Associated Contaminants with Freshwater Invertebrates《淡水中无脊椎动物沉积物有关污染物的毒性测量的标准试验方法》.pdf
《ASTM E1706-2005e1 Standard Test Method for Measuring the Toxicity of Sediment-Associated Contaminants with Freshwater Invertebrates《淡水中无脊椎动物沉积物有关污染物的毒性测量的标准试验方法》.pdf》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《ASTM E1706-2005e1 Standard Test Method for Measuring the Toxicity of Sediment-Associated Contaminants with Freshwater Invertebrates《淡水中无脊椎动物沉积物有关污染物的毒性测量的标准试验方法》.pdf(117页珍藏版)》请在麦多课文档分享上搜索。
1、Designation: E 1706 05e1Standard Test Method forMeasuring the Toxicity of Sediment-AssociatedContaminants with Freshwater Invertebrates1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E 1706; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case
2、of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.e1NOTESection 12.2.2 was editorially updated and Table 12 was editorially deleted.1. Scope*1.1 This test
3、method covers procedures for testing freshwa-ter organisms in the laboratory to evaluate the toxicity ofcontaminants associated with whole sediments. Sediments maybe collected from the field or spiked with compounds in thelaboratory.1.1.1 Test methods are described for two toxicity testorganisms, th
4、e amphipod Hyalella azteca ( H. azteca) (see13.1.2) and the midge Chironomus dilutus (formerly known asC. tentans; Shobanov et al. 1999.(1) (see 14.1.2). The toxicitytests are conducted for 10 days in 300-mLchambers containing100 mL of sediment and 175 mL of overlying water. Overlyingwater is renewe
5、d daily and test organisms are fed during thetoxicity tests. Endpoints for the 10-day toxicity tests aresurvival and growth. These test methods describe proceduresfor testing freshwater sediments; however, estuarine sediments(up to 15 ppt salinity) can also be tested with H. azteca. Inaddition to th
6、e 10-day toxicity test method outlined in 13.1.2and 14.1.2, general procedures are also described for conduct-ing 10-day sediment toxicity tests with H. azteca (see 13.1.2)and C. dilutus (see 14.1.2).NOTE 1Morphological comparison of populations of Chironomus(Camptochironomus) tentans (Fabricius) fr
7、om Europe, Asia, and NorthAmerica have confirmed cytogenetic evidence that two distinct speciesinhabit the Palearctic and Nearctic under this name. The Palearctic speciesis the true C. tentans and the Nearctic populations constitute a new speciesdescribed under the name Chironomus (Camptochironomus)
8、 dilutus(Shobanov et al. 1999 (1).”1.1.2 Guidance for conducting sediment toxicity tests isoutlined in Annex A1 for Chironomus riparius, in Annex A2for Daphnia magna and Ceriodaphnia dubia, in Annex A3 forHexagenia spp., inAnnexA4 for Tubifex tubifex, and inAnnexA5 for the Diporeia spp. Guidance is
9、also provided in AnnexA6 for conducting long-term sediment toxicity tests with H.azteca by measuring effects on survival, growth, and reproduc-tion. Guidance is also provided in Annex A7 for conductinglong-term sediment toxicity tests with C. dilutus by measuringeffects on survival, growth, emergenc
10、e, and reproduction. 1.6outlines the data that will be needed before test methods aredeveloped from the guidance outlined in Annex A1 to AnnexA7 for these test organisms. General procedures described inSections 17 for sediment testing with H. azteca and C. dilutusare also applicable for sediment tes
11、ting with the test organismsdescribed in Annex A1 to Annex A7.1.2 Procedures outlined in this test method are based pri-marily on procedures described in the United States Environ-mental Protection Agency (USEPA) (2-9 )2, Test MethodE 1367, and Guides E 1391, E 1525 and E 1688.1.3 Additional researc
12、h and methods development are nowin progress to: (1) evaluate additional test organisms, (2)further evaluate the use of formulated sediment, (3) refinesediment dilution procedures, (4) refine sediment toxicityidentification evaluation (TIE) procedures (10), (5) refinesediment spiking procedures, (6)
13、 develop in situ toxicity teststo assess sediment toxicity and bioaccumulation under fieldconditions, (7) evaluate relative sensitivities of endpointsmeasured in tests, (8) develop methods for new species, (9)evaluate relationships between toxicity and bioaccumulation,and (10) produce additional dat
14、a on confirmation of responsesin laboratory tests with natural populations of benthic organ-isms. Some issues that may be considered in interpretation oftest results are the subject of continuing research including theinfluence of feeding on bioavailability, nutritional requirementsof the test organ
15、isms, and additional performance criteria fororganism health. See Section 6 for additional detail. Thisinformation will be described in future editions of this stan-dard.1.4 The USEPA(2) and Guide E 1688 also describes 28-daybioaccumulation methods for the oligochaete Lumbriculusvariegatus.1.5 Resul
16、ts of tests, even those with the same species, usingprocedures different from those described in the test methodmay not be comparable and using these different procedures1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E47 onBiological Effects and Environmental Fate and are the direct r
17、esponsibility ofSubcommittee E47.03 on Sediment Assessment and Toxicology.Current edition approved March 1, 2005. Published March 2005. Originallyapproved in 1995. Last previous edition approved in 2004 as E 1706 04.2The boldface numbers in parentheses refer to the list of references at the end ofth
18、is standard.1*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.may alter bioavailability. Comparison of results obtained usingmodified versions of these procedures might
19、provide usefulinformation concerning new concepts and procedures forconducting sediment tests with aquatic organisms. If tests areconducted with procedures different from those described inthis test method, additional tests are required to determinecomparability of results. General procedures descri
20、bed in thistest method might be useful for conducting tests with otheraquatic organisms; however, modifications may be necessary.1.6 Selection of Toxicity Testing Organisms:1.6.1 The choice of a test organism has a major influence onthe relevance, success, and interpretation of a test. Further-more,
21、 no one organism is best suited for all sediments. Thefollowing criteria were considered when selecting test organ-isms to be described in this standard (Table 1 and GuideE 1525). A test organism should: (1) have a toxicological database demonstrating relative sensitivity and discrimination to arang
22、e of chemicals of concern in sediment, (2) have a databasefor interlaboratory comparisons of procedures (for example,round-robin studies), (3) be in contact with sediment e.g.,water column vs benthic organisms, (4) be readily availablethrough culture or from field collection, (5) be easily main-tain
23、ed in the laboratory, (6) be easily identified, (7) beecologically or economically important, (8) have a broadgeographical distribution, be indigenous (either present orhistorical) to the site being evaluated, or have a niche similar toorganisms of concern, (for example, similar feeding guild orbeha
24、vior to the indigenous organisms), (9) be tolerant of abroad range of sediment physico-chemical characteristics (forexample, grain size), and (10) be compatible with selectedexposure methods and endpoints. The method should also be(11) peer reviewed and (12) confirmed with responses withnatural popu
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