ASTM E1574-1998(2006) Standard Test Method for Measurement of Sound in Residential Spaces《居住空间声测量的标准试验方法》.pdf

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1、Designation: E 1574 98 (Reapproved 2006)Standard Test Method forMeasurement of Sound in Residential Spaces1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E 1574; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last

2、 revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method provides guidance to the methodologyused in the measurement of building interior sound levels.1.2 This t

3、est method describes procedures for measuringsound in enclosed residential spaces produced by built-inutilities and major appliances such as plumbing, heating,ventilating, air-conditioning systems, refrigerators, and dishwashers. The measured values may then be used to assesscompliance, design, or h

4、abitation suitability.1.3 This test method does not promulgate or recommendacoustical criteria.1.4 This test method is not intended for obtaining data toevaluate indoor environments for:1.4.1 Commercial activities such as studios, communicationcenters, hospitals, and auditoria, and1.4.2 Effects from

5、 exterior sources such as aircraft, railroadoperations, motor vehicles, mining operation, weapons fire,etc.1.5 This test method is not intended for evaluating soundtransmission loss, sound absorption coefficient, or any otheracoustical aspects of the space or structure.1.6 This standard does not pur

6、port to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C

7、634 Terminology Relating to Environmental AcousticsE 177 Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias inASTM Test Methods2.2 ANSI Standards:3S1.4 Specification for Sound Level MetersS1.11 Specification for Octave-Band and Fractional-OctaveAnalog and Digital FiltersS1.40 Specification for Acousti

8、cal Calibrators3. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsFor definitions of acoustical terms used inthis standard see Terminology C 634.3.2 Descriptions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 background noiseto include sound propagating tothe measurement space from sources which are not undercontrol of the pro

9、prietor or occupant of the measurement space.See Terminology C 634.3.2.1.1 DiscussionExamples include external utilities,traffic, and activity in adjacent residences.3.2.2 highest transient sounda sound characterized by abrief excursion of pressure level which exceeds the ambient orsteady sound.3.2.

10、2.1 DiscussionThe transient sound may be accompa-nied by steady sound; for example, flushing of toilets orfurnace start-up. The highest transient sound is the maximumexcursion of the sound product by the source of interest duringthe source on-off cycle.3.2.3 measurement spaceresidential spaces with

11、a definedboundary, usually a room or hallway, in which acoustical dataare to be acquired. Although the space may have a definedboundary, it does not have to be an enclosing boundary.3.2.3.1 DiscussionFor example; an L-shaped living room/dining room would be considered two spacesliving room anddining

12、 room.3.2.4 source of interesta source which is part of theresidence and which propagates sound into the measurementspace.3.2.4.1 DiscussionTypical sources of interest are built-inutilities such as plumbing, heating, ventilating, air-conditioning systems, and major appliances.3.2.5 source soundthe s

13、ound pressure level at a pointproduced solely by the source of interest.1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E33 onEnvironmentalAcoustics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E33.08 onMechanical and Electrical System Noise.Current edition approved April 1, 2006.

14、Published May 2006. Originallyapproved in 1994. Last previous edition approved in 1998 as E 1574 98.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Do

15、cument Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,4th Floor, New York, NY 10036.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.3.2.6 steady sounda sound whose pressur

16、e level remainssubstantially constant during the period of observation whenmeasured with the slow setting on the sound level meter.3.2.6.1 DiscussionExamples are a forced air blower and awater pump.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 This test method is a procedure for quantifying thesound from sources ide

17、ntified as the cause or potential cause ofnoise complaints in residential spaces.4.2 The sound generated by the source of interest may besteady, transient, or a mixture of the two. For each source ofinterest the steady sound and the highest transient sound aremeasured.4.2.1 Steady Sound The measurem

18、ent space is surveyedand the point at which the highest utilities-generatedA-weighted, slow response sound level occurs is located (see9.1). The octave band andA-weighted sound levels at this pointare measured and reported.4.2.2 Highest Transient SoundThe highest utilities-generatedA-weighted, fast

19、response sound level is measured atthe center of each measurement space and reported.4.2.3 These procedures are repeated in all measurementspaces and for all sources, or combination of sources, ofinterest.5. Significance and Use5.1 This is an in situ method, that is, the measurements aremade at the

20、actual installation. The sound levels measuredaccording to this test method should be representative for thatinstallation and for the quantity of acoustical absorptionactually, permanently present.5.2 The test method has the following limitations:5.2.1 The test method produces sound data which may b

21、ecompared with applicable criteria or limits only if they are interms of the quantities measured in this test method.5.2.2 The test method does not quantify certain subjectiveaspects of the sound environment that may be objectionable.These include pure tones, spectral content, and temporaldistributi

22、on.6. Measurement Space6.1 The measurement space shall be any space, individualroom, or enclosed portions of the residential space that areintended to be occupied by people.NOTE 1Examples of spaces expected to be measured are bedrooms,living rooms, kitchens, and finished basements. Examples of space

23、s thatare not expected to be measured are utility closets, closets, and carports.Examples of spaces that may or may not be measured are garages,unfinished basements, and hallways.6.2 For new construction, the measurements shall be madewith the space configured in the completed, but unfurnished,state

24、.6.3 For currently inhabited spaces, the measurements shallbe made as furnished.6.4 Absorptive material shall not be added to the spacesolely for the purpose of influencing the measurements.7. Measurement Location7.1 The microphone height shall be between 1.1 and 1.3 mabove the floor, the approximat

25、e average of the sleeping,standing, and seated ear heights of an individual.7.2 The microphone shall be located no closer than1mtoany wall or other extended surface, except in spaces narrowerthan 2 m where the measurement shall be at a locationequidistant from the closest opposing walls. If the sour

26、ce ofinterest (built-in utility or appliance) protrudes from theextended surface, the measurement shall not be made closerthan 1 m from the source.7.3 The reported measurement shall be made at the locationwithin each measurement space that meets the above require-ment and produces the highest sound

27、level during the survey.7.4 The measurements shall be made with the minimumnumber of people in the measurement space. Personnel shallnot occupy the direct line of sight between the source ofinterest and the sound level meter.8. Instrumentation8.1 The sound measurement system shall meet the require-m

28、ents of ANSI S1.4 for Type 1 sound level meters.8.2 Octave band or fractional band filters shall meet therequirement of ANSI S1.11, Type 2, Order 3, or higher. If16 000 Hz measurements are to be made, a Type 1 filter mustbe used.8.3 Acoustic calibrators shall meet the requirements ofANSI S1.40.8.4 I

29、f measurements are to be made in a stream of movingair such as generated by a forced air heating system or airconditioner, place a windscreen over the microphone. Themotion of air over the microphone of the sound level meter cancause local air turbulence noise at the microphone. The meterwill respon

30、d to this turbulence noise and produce an erroneousreading. Placing a windscreen over the microphone will reducethis local turbulence.NOTE 2A windscreen having a diameter of at least 7 cm is recom-mended.9. Measurement Procedures9.1 Determining the Location of Sound Level MaximumSurvey each measurem

31、ent space of interest to find the locationof the maximum A-weighted, slow response sound levelproduced by each sound source or combination of sources ofinterest. Walk slowly and quietly, first at 1 m from the insideboundary of the space, then at concentric paths about 1 m apart,while observing the s

32、ound levels. Note the location and soundlevel in the space where the level is the highest.NOTE 3An alternate method is to measure and record at fixedintervals such as 1 m, then note the highest level.9.2 Measurement Procedure for Steady SoundIn eachmeasurement space, repeat the following procedure f

33、or eachsource or combination of sources of interest:9.2.1 Place the microphone in the measurement space at thelocation of the sound level maximum as determined in 9.1.9.2.2 Measure the combined source sound and backgroundnoise. With the source of interest operating and all othercontrollable sound so

34、urces off, measure the octave band soundE 1574 98 (2006)2pressure level in each band from 31.5 Hz to 8000 Hz inclusive,using the slow response on the sound level meter or averagesound level for periods depending on the octave band asfollows: 40 s for the 31.5 Hz band, 20 s for the 63 Hz band, 9s for

35、 the 125 Hz band and 5 s for bands above 125 Hz.NOTE 4The measurement may be made in 1/3-octave bands and thedata may be used to calculate the 1/1-octave bands levels.NOTE 5High frequency sound from television sets, computer moni-tors and intrusion sensors may be observed in the 16 000 Hz octave ban

36、d.These should be reported as indicated in 10.1.8, especially if they areaudible to an occupant or if they contribute to the A-weighted backgroundnoise as indicated in 3.2.1.9.2.3 Measure the Background NoiseShut off the sourceof interest and repeat the measurement of 9.2.2 using slowresponse or ave

37、rage band level consistent with 9.2.2.9.2.4 If, in each octave band, the background noise level(measured in 9.2.3) is 10 dB lower than the correspondingoctave band level of the combined source sound and back-ground noise (measured in 9.2.2) then report the 9.2.2 mea-surements as the octave band leve

38、ls of the sound generated inthe measurement space by the source of interest.9.2.5 If, in any octave band, background noise level is not 5dB lower than the corresponding measured octave band levelfor the combined background noise and source sound, thenindicate in the report that these octave band dat

39、a are contami-nated by background noise.9.2.6 If in any octave band the background noise level(measured in 9.2.3) is between 5 and 10 dB lower than thecorresponding octave band level of the combined source soundand background noise, adjust the 9.2.2 measurements inaccordance with Table 1 and report

40、the adjusted level as theoctave band level of the sound generated in the measurementspace by the source of interest.9.3 Measure Procedure for Highest Transient NoiseForeach measurement space of interest, repeat the followingprocedure for each source of interest:NOTE 6Transient background noise could

41、 affect background as wellas source noise measurements.9.3.1 Place the microphone at the center of the space ofinterest within the limits of Section 7. For nonrectangularspaces such as L-shaped rooms, break up the space intorectangles and measure at the center of each rectangle.9.3.2 Set the sound l

42、evel meter to A-weighting, fast re-sponse.9.3.3 Measure the background noise. With the source ofinterest and all other controllable sound sources shut off, notethe maximum A-weighted, fast response level for a 15-sinterval.9.3.4 Measure the combined source sound and backgroundnoise. Activate the sou

43、rce of interest and note the highest valueof the A-weighted, fast response level indicated by the meter.9.3.5 If the A-weighted, fast response level of the back-ground noise is 10 dB lower than the highest A-weighted, fastresponse level of the combined source sound and backgroundnoise, then report t

44、he 9.3.4 measurements as highest transientsound level generated in the space by the source of interest.9.3.6 If the A-weighted, fast response level of the back-ground noise is not 5 dB lower than the level of the combinedsource sound and background noise, indicate in the report thatthe data are cont

45、aminated by background noise.9.3.7 If the A-weighted, fast response level of the back-ground noise is between 5 and 10 dB lower than the highestA-weighted, fast response level of the combined source soundand background noise, then adjust the 9.3.4 measurements inaccordance with Table 1 and report th

46、e adjusted 9.3.4 measure-ments as highest transient sound level generated in the space bythe source of interest.10. Report10.1 Report the following information:10.1.1 A tabulation of sound levels for each measurementset with identification of the measurement space, measurementlocation within the spa

47、ce, source of interest or combination ofsources of interest, and time the data were obtained. See Fig. 1for a suggested data sheet.10.1.2 The frequency weighting (A-), band center fre-quency, and time weighting (fast or slow, etc.) used for eachmeasurement.TABLE 1 Corrections for Background Noise Le

48、vel (dB)Difference between the level measured with source ofinterest operating and the measured backgroundnoise alone6789Correction to be subtracted from level measured withthe source of interest operating to obtain the adjustedlevel (due to the source of interest alone)1.3 1.0 0.8 0.6FIG. 1 Suggest

49、ed Data SheetE 1574 98 (2006)310.1.3 The time of calibration checks and whether a wind-screen was installed. If applicable, battery checks should alsobe noted.10.1.4 A diagram of each measurement space showingmeasurement locations (maximum A- sound pressure levels,slow and fast response).10.1.5 A diagram of the measurement space showingsources of interest.10.1.6 Instrument data, including manufacturer, model, andserial number, and dates of the last factory (or laboratory)calibration of the sound level meter and acoustic calibrator.10.1.7 Times, dates, and d