ASTM D7181-2011 5000 Method for Consolidated Drained Triaxial Compression Test for Soils《土壤三轴排水压缩试验方法》.pdf
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1、Designation: D7181 11Standard Test Method forConsolidated Drained Triaxial Compression Test for Soils1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7181; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revis
2、ion. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers the determination of strengthand stress-strain relationships of a cylindrical specimen ofeither intact o
3、r reconstituted soil. Specimens are consolidatedand sheared in compression with drainage at a constant rate ofaxial deformation (strain controlled).1.2 This test method provides for the calculation of princi-pal stresses and axial compression by measurement of axialload, axial deformation, and volum
4、etric changes.1.3 This test method provides data useful in determiningstrength and deformation properties such as Mohr strengthenvelopes. Generally, three specimens are tested at differenteffective consolidation stresses to define a strength envelope.1.4 If this test method is used on cohesive soil,
5、 a test maytake weeks to complete.1.5 The determination of strength envelopes and the devel-opment of relationships to aid in interpreting and evaluatingtest results are beyond the scope of this test method and mustbe performed by a qualified, experienced professional.1.6 All observed and calculated
6、 values shall conform to theguidelines for significant digits and rounding established inPractice D6026.1.6.1 The methods used to specify how data are collected,calculated, or recorded in this standard are regarded as theindustry standard. In addition, they are representative of thesignificant digit
7、s that generally should be retained. The proce-dures used do not consider material variations, purpose forobtaining the data, special purpose studies or any considerationof the end use. It is beyond the scope of this test method toconsider significant digits used in analysis methods for engi-neering
8、 design.1.7 UnitsThe values stated in SI units are to be regardedas standard. The inch-pound units given in parentheses aremathematical conversions, which are provided for informationpurposes only and are not considered standard. Reporting oftest results in units other than SI shall not be regarded
9、asnon-conformance with this test method.1.7.1 The gravitational system of inch-pound units is usedwhen dealing with inch-pound units. In this system, the pound(lbf) represents a unit of force (weight), while the unit for massis slugs. The slug unit is not given, unless dynamic (F = ma)calculations a
10、re involved.1.7.2 It is common practice in the engineering/constructionprofession to concurrently use pounds to represent both a unitof mass (lbm) and of force (lbf). This implicitly combines twoseparate systems of units: that is, the absolute system and thegravitational system. It is scientifically
11、 undesirable to combinethe use of two separate sets of inch-pound units within a singlestandard. As stated, this standard includes the gravitationalsystem of inch-pound units and does not use/present the slugunit for mass. However, the use of balances or scales recordingpounds of mass (lbm) or recor
12、ding density in lbm/ft3shall notbe regarded as non-conformance with this standard.1.7.3 The terms density and unit weight are often usedinterchangeably. Density is mass per unit volume whereas unitweight is force per unit volume. In this standard density isgiven only in SI units. After the density h
13、as been determined,the unit weight is calculated in SI or inch-pound units, or both.1.8 This standard may involve hazardous materials, opera-tions, and equipment. This standard does not purport toaddress all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with itsuse. It is the responsibility of the user
14、 of this standard toestablish appropriate safety and health practices and deter-mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D422 Test Method for Particle-Size Analysis of SoilsD653 Terminology Relating to Soil, Rock, and ContainedFluidsD85
15、4 Test Methods for Specific Gravity of Soil Solids byWater PycnometerD1587 Practice for Thin-Walled Tube Sampling of Soils forGeotechnical PurposesD2166 Test Method for Unconfined Compressive Strengthof Cohesive SoilD2216 Test Methods for Laboratory Determination of Wa-ter (Moisture) Content of Soil
16、 and Rock by MassD2435 Test Methods for One-Dimensional Consolidation1This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D18 on Soil andRock and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D18.05 on Strength andCompressibility of Soils.Current edition approved July 1, 2011. Published Augus
17、t 2011. DOI: 10.1520/D71812For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1Copyright ASTM International, 100
18、Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.Properties of Soils Using Incremental LoadingD2487 Practice for Classification of Soils for EngineeringPurposes (Unified Soil Classification System)D2850 Test Method for Unconsolidated-Undrained TriaxialCompression Test
19、on Cohesive SoilsD3740 Practice for Minimum Requirements for AgenciesEngaged in Testing and/or Inspection of Soil and Rock asUsed in Engineering Design and ConstructionD4220 Practices for Preserving and Transporting SoilSamplesD4318 Test Methods for Liquid Limit, Plastic Limit, andPlasticity Index o
20、f SoilsD4753 Guide for Evaluating, Selecting, and SpecifyingBalances and Standard Masses for Use in Soil, Rock, andConstruction Materials TestingD4767 Test Method for Consolidated Undrained TriaxialCompression Test for Cohesive SoilsD6026 Practice for Using Significant Digits in GeotechnicalDataD726
21、3 Test Methods for Laboratory Determination of Den-sity (Unit Weight) of Soil Specimens3. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsRefer to Terminology D653 for standarddefinitions of common technical terms.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 back pressure, na pressure applied to the specimenp
22、ore-water to cause air in the pore space to compress and topass into solution in the pore-water thereby increasing thepercent saturation of the specimen.3.2.2 effective consolidation stress, nthe difference be-tween the cell pressure and the pore-water pressure prior toshearing the specimen.3.2.3 fa
23、ilure, na maximum-stress condition or stress at adefined strain for a test specimen. Failure is often taken tocorrespond to the maximum principal stress difference (maxi-mum deviator stress) attained or the principal stress difference(deviator stress) at 15 % axial strain, whichever is obtained firs
24、tduring the performance of a test. Depending on soil behaviorand field application, other suitable failure criteria may bedefined, such as maximum effective stress obliquity, s1/s3max,or the principal stress difference (deviator stress) at a selectedaxial strain other than 15 %.4. Significance and U
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