ASTM D7170-2011 red 6250 Standard Test Method for Determination of Derived Cetane Number (DCN) of Diesel Fuel Oils&x2014 Fixed Range Injection Period Constant Volume Combustion Cha.pdf

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1、Designation:D717010 Designation: D7170 11Standard Test Method forDetermination of Derived Cetane Number (DCN) of DieselFuel OilsFixed Range Injection Period, Constant VolumeCombustion Chamber Method1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7170; the number immediately following the desig

2、nation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 This test method covers the qu

3、antitative determination of the ignition characteristics of conventional diesel fuel oils, dieselfuel oils containing cetane number improver additives, and is applicable to products typical of Specification D975, Grades No. 1-Dand 2-D regular and low-sulfur diesel fuel oils, European standard EN 590

4、, and Canadian standards CAN/CGSB-3.517-2000 andCAN/CGSB 3.6-2000. The test method may also be applied to the quantitative determination of the ignition characteristics ofblends of fuel oils containing biodiesel material, and diesel fuel oil blending components.1.2 This test method measures the igni

5、tion delay and utilizes a constant volume combustion chamber with direct fuel injectioninto heated, compressed air. An equation converts an ignition delay determination to a derived cetane number (DCN).1.3This1.3 This test method covers the ignition delay range from a minimum value of 35.0 DCN (igni

6、tion delay of 4.89 ms)to a maximum value of 59.6 DCN (ignition delay of 2.87 ms). The average DCN result for each sample in the ILS ranged from37.29 (average ignition delay of 4.5894 ms) to 56.517 (average ignition delay of 3.0281 ms).1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard.

7、 No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilityof the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicab

8、ility of regulatorylimitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D613 Test Method for Cetane Number of Diesel Fuel OilD975 Specification for Diesel Fuel OilsD1193 Specification for Reagent WaterD4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum ProductsD4175 Terminol

9、ogy Relating to Petroleum, Petroleum Products, and LubricantsD4177 Practice for Automatic Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum ProductsD5854 Practice for Mixing and Handling of Liquid Samples of Petroleum and Petroleum ProductsD6299 Practice for Applying Statistical Quality Assurance and Control Char

10、ting Techniques to Evaluate AnalyticalMeasurement System PerformanceD6300 Practice for Determination of Precision and Bias Data for Use in Test Methods for Petroleum Products and LubricantsD6708 Practice for Statistical Assessment and Improvement of Expected Agreement Between Two Test Methods that P

11、urportto Measure the Same Property of a MaterialE456 Terminology Relating to Quality and StatisticsE832 Specification for Laboratory Filter Papers2.2 EN Standard:3EN 590 Automotive FuelsDieselRequirements and Test Methods1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum

12、Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D02.01 onCombustion Characteristics.Current edition approved July 1, 2010. Published October 2010. Originally approved in 2006. Last previous edition approved in 2009 as D717009. DOI:10.1520/D7170-10.Current edition approved Fe

13、b. 15, 2011. Published March 2011. Originally approved in 2006. Last previous edition approved in 2010 as D717010. DOI:10.1520/D7170-11.2For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume info

14、rmation, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.3Available from European Committee for standardization. Central Secretariat: rue de Stassart, 36, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium.1This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an

15、indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to

16、be considered the official document.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.2.3 Energy Institute Standard:4IP 41 Ignition Quality of Diesel FuelsCetane Engine T

17、est Method2.4 Canadian Standards:5CAN/CGSB-3.517-2000 Regular Sulphur Diesel FuelSpecificationCAN/CGSB 3.6-2000 Automotive Low-Sulphur Diesel FuelSpecification2.5 DIN Standard:6DIN 73372 Einspritzdsen Grsse T und U3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 accepted reference value (ARV), na value that serv

18、es as an agreed-upon reference for comparison and that is derivedas (1) a theoretical or established value, based on scientific principles, (2) an assigned value, based on experimental work of somenational or international organization, such as the U.S. National Institute of Standards and Technology

19、 (NIST), or (3) a consensusvalue, based on collaborative experimental work under the auspices of a scientific or engineering group. E4563.1.1.1 DiscussionIn the context of this method, accepted reference value is understood to apply to the ignition delay ofspecific reference materials determined und

20、er reproducibility conditions by collaborative experimental work.3.1.2 cetane number (CN), na measure of the ignition performance of a diesel fuel oil obtained by comparing it to referencefuels in a standardized engine test. D41753.1.2.1 DiscussionIn the context of this method, cetane number is that

21、 defined by ASTM D613/IP 41.3.1.3 check standard, nin QC testing, a material having an accepted reference value used to determine the accuracy of ameasurement system. D62993.1.3.1 DiscussionIn the context of this test method, check standard refers to heptane.3.1.4 quality control (QC) sample, nfor u

22、se in quality assurance programs to determine and monitor the precision and stabilityof a measurement system, a stable and homogeneous material having physical or chemical properties, or both, similar to those oftypical samples tested by the analytical measurement system. The material is properly st

23、ored to ensure sample integrity, and isavailable in sufficient quantity for repeated, long term testing. D62993.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 calibration reference material, na pure chemical having an assigned ignition delay accepted reference value.3.2.2 charge air, ncompre

24、ssed air at a specified pressure introduced into the combustion chamber at the beginning of eachtest cycle.3.2.3 charge air temperature, ntemperature, in C, of the air inside the combustion chamber.3.2.4 combustion analyzer, nan integrated compression ignition apparatus to measure the ignition chara

25、cteristics of diesel fueloil.3.2.5 derived cetane number (DCN), na number calculated using a conversion equation that relates a combustion analyzerignition delay result to cetane number. a number calculated using a conversion equation to determine a cetane number.3.2.5.1 DiscussionThe conversion equ

26、ation relates a measured ignition delay or ignition delay and combustion delay from acombustion analyzer to a cetane number.3.2.6 ignition delay (ID), nthat period of time, in milliseconds (ms), between the start of fuel injection and the start ofcombustion as determined using the specific combustio

27、n analyzer applicable for this test method.3.2.6.1 DiscussionIn the context of this test method, start of fuel injection is interpreted as the initial movement or lift of theinjector nozzle needle as measured by a motion sensor; start of combustion is interpreted as that point in the combustion cycl

28、ewhen a significant (+0.02 MPa above chamber static pressure) and sustained increase in rate-of-change in pressure, as measuredby a pressure sensor in the combustion chamber, ensures combustion is in progress.3.2.7 injection period (IP), nthe period of time, in milliseconds (ms), that the fuel injec

29、tor nozzle is open as determined usingthe specific combustion analyzer applicable for this test method.3.2.8 operating period, nthe time, not to exceed 12 h, between successive calibration or QC testing, or both, of thecombustion analyzer by a single operator.3.3 Acronyms:3.3.1 ARVaccepted reference

30、 value3.3.2 CNcetane number3.3.3 DCNderived cetane number3.3.4 IDignition delay3.3.5 QCquality control4. Summary of Test Method4.1 A small specimen of diesel fuel oil is injected into a heated, temperature-controlled constant volume chamber, which has4Available from Energy Institute, 61 New Cavendis

31、h St., London, WIG 7AR, U.K.5Available from the Canadian General Standards Board, Ottawa, Canada, K1A 1G6.6Available from DIN, Deutsches Institut fr Normung, Burggrafenstrasse 6, 10787 Berlin.D7170 112previously been charged with compressed air. Each injection produces a single-shot, compression ign

32、ition combustion cycle. IDis measured using sensors that detect the start of fuel injection and the start of significant combustion for each cycle. A completesequence comprises 2 preliminary cycles and 25 further cycles.The ID measurements for the last 25 cycles are averaged to producethe ID result.

33、 An equation converts the ID result to a DCN.5. Significance and Use5.1 The ID and DCN values determined by this test method can provide a measure of the ignition characteristics of diesel fueloil in compression ignition engines.5.2 This test can be used by engine manufacturers, petroleum refiners a

34、nd marketers, and in commerce as a specification aidto relate or match fuels and engines.5.3 The relationship of diesel fuel oil DCN determinations to the performance of full-scale, variable-speed, variable-load dieselengines is not completely understood.5.4 This test may be applied to non-conventio

35、nal fuels. It is recognized that the performance of non-conventional fuels infull-scale engines is not completely understood. The user is therefore cautioned to investigate the suitability of ignitioncharacteristic measurements for predicting performance in full-scale engines for these types of fuel

36、s.5.5 This test determines ignition characteristics and requires a sample of approximately 220 mLand a test time of approximately20 min on a fit-for-use instrument.6. Interferences6.1 WarningMinimize exposure of sample fuels, calibration reference materials, QC samples, and check standard to sunligh

37、tor fluorescent lamp UV emissions to minimize induced chemical reactions that can affect ignition delay measurements.76.1.1 Exposure of these fuels and materials to UV wavelengths shorter than 550 nm for a short period of time can significantlyaffect ignition delay measurements.NOTE 1The formation o

38、f peroxide and radicals can affect ignition delay measurement. These formations are minimized when the sample or materialis stored in the dark in a cold room at a temperature of less than 10C and covered by a blanket of nitrogen.7. Apparatus7.1 GeneralThis test method uses an integrated automated an

39、alytical measurement system8(see Fig. 1) comprised of:7.1.1 Combustion ChamberAcylindrical block having a volume of 0.60 6 0.03 L, with external heating elements, heat shield,and electrically actuated intake and exhaust valves. There is an opening at one end of the chamber to accommodate insertion o

40、fthe fuel injection nozzle assembly and an opening at the other end of the chamber to accommodate insertion of intake, exhaust,and various sensors.7.1.2 Fuel Injection SystemApneumatically actuated fuel injection system with fuel injection pump, injector nozzle assemblyand associated sample reservoi

41、r to assure for proper and repeatable injection of calibration, QC material, and test specimens intothe combustion chamber. The system includes:7.1.2.1 Fuel Sample ReservoirA metal reservoir having a nominal volume of 100 mL.7.1.2.2 Fuel Injector NozzleA standard one-hole nozzle conforming to the re

42、quirements of DIN 73372. The nozzle isassembled to the body that incorporates a spring-loaded needle extension with screw and lock nut for adjusting the nozzle openingpressure setting; a fuel bleed passage connecting to an external bleed valve for bleeding fuel from the nozzle and nozzle body; anda

43、positions motion sensor mounted in an adjustable housing near the injector nozzle needle extension pin, to determine when thenozzle needle lifts to initiate the start of injection.7.1.3 Coolant SystemA closed-loop circulating coolant system to control the temperature of the combustion injector nozzl

44、e.The system includes an auxiliary heat exchanger with built-in circulating pump and flow control valves.7.1.4 Instrument SensorsSensors used to measure and either indicate the value of a variable or transmit the condition forcontrol or data acquisition purposes such as:7.1.4.1 Combustion Chamber St

45、atic Pressure Sensor (P0)A sensor installed to measure the static pressure within thecombustion chamber before and after each combustion cycle.7.1.4.2 Combustion Chamber Dynamic Pressure Sensor (P1)Asensor installed to measure the pressure within the combustionchamber during each combustion cycle. T

46、he pressure sensor is fitted with an integrated temperature sensor to record the operatingtemperature (T3) at the sensor.7.1.4.3 Injection Actuator Air Pressure Regulator (P2)A calibrated pressure regulator installed between the pneumatic airsupply and the fuel injection pump actuator.7Supporting da

47、ta, “Sunlight and Air Exposure Effects on Octane Number or Cetane Number of Petroleum Product Samples,” have been filed at ASTM InternationalHeadquarters and may be obtained by requesting Research Report RR:D02-1502.8The sole source of supply of the FIT combustion analyzer known to the committee at

48、this time is Waukesha Dresser, Inc., 1101 West St. Paul Avenue, Waukesha, WI53188-4999. If you are aware of alternative suppliers, please provide this information toASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful considerationat a meeting of the responsible technical committee, w

49、hich you may attend.D7170 1137.1.4.4 Combustion Chamber Inner Wall Temperature Sensor (T2)Atype K thermocouple with stainless steel sheath, insertedin a well fastened to the inner surface of the chamber.7.1.4.5 Chamber Charge Air Temperature Sensor (T1)A type K thermocouple with stainless steel sheath, inserted in thecombustion chamber.7.1.4.6 Fuel Injection Pump Temperature Sensor (T4)A PT100 temperature sensor with stainless steel sheath, inserted intothe fuel injection pump body.7.1.4.7 Injector Nozzle Cooling Jacket Temperature