ASTM D7012-2013 1117 Standard Test Methods for Compressive Strength and Elastic Moduli of Intact Rock Core Specimens under Varying States of Stress and Temperatures《在变化的应力和温度条件下完整岩.pdf
《ASTM D7012-2013 1117 Standard Test Methods for Compressive Strength and Elastic Moduli of Intact Rock Core Specimens under Varying States of Stress and Temperatures《在变化的应力和温度条件下完整岩.pdf》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《ASTM D7012-2013 1117 Standard Test Methods for Compressive Strength and Elastic Moduli of Intact Rock Core Specimens under Varying States of Stress and Temperatures《在变化的应力和温度条件下完整岩.pdf(9页珍藏版)》请在麦多课文档分享上搜索。
1、Designation: D7012 13Standard Test Methods forCompressive Strength and Elastic Moduli of Intact RockCore Specimens under Varying States of Stress andTemperatures1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7012; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal
2、adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 These test methods cover the determination of thestrength of intact
3、 rock core specimens in uniaxial and triaxialcompression.The tests provide data in determining the strengthof rock, namely: the uniaxial strength, shear strengths atdifferent pressures and different elevated temperatures, angleof internal friction, (angle of shearing resistance), and cohesioninterce
4、pt. The test methods specify the apparatus,instrumentation, and procedures for determining the stress-axial strain and the stress-lateral strain curves, as well asYoungs modulus, E, and Poissons ratio, . It should beobserved that these methods make no provision for porepressure measurements and spec
5、imens are undrained (platensare not vented). Thus the strength values determined are interms of total stress, that is, are not corrected for porepressures. These test methods do not include the proceduresnecessary to obtain a stress-strain curve beyond the ultimatestrength.1.2 This standard replaces
6、 and combines the followingStandard Test Methods: D2664 Triaxial Compressive Strengthof Undrained Rock Core Specimens Without Pore PressureMeasurements; D5407 Elastic Moduli of Undrained Rock CoreSpecimens in Triaxial Compression Without Pore PressureMeasurements; D2938 Unconfined Compressive Streng
7、th ofIntact Rock Core Specimens; and D3148 Elastic Moduli ofIntact Rock Core Specimens in Uniaxial Compression. Theoriginal four standards are now referred to as Methods in thisstandard.1.2.1 Method A: Triaxial Compressive Strength ofUndrained Rock Core Specimens Without Pore Pressure Mea-surements.
8、1.2.2 Method B: Elastic Moduli of Undrained Rock CoreSpecimens in Triaxial Compression Without Pore PressureMeasurements.1.2.3 Method C: Uniaxial Compressive Strength of IntactRock Core Specimens.1.2.4 Method D: Elastic Moduli of Intact Rock Core Speci-mens in Uniaxial Compression.1.2.5 Option A: El
9、evated Temperatures.1.3 For an isotropic material in Test Methods B and D, therelation between the shear and bulk moduli and Youngsmodulus and Poissons ratio are:G 5E211!(1)K 5E31 2 2!(2)where:G = shear modulus,K = bulk modulus,E = Youngs modulus, and = Poissons ratio.1.3.1 The engineering applicabi
10、lity of these equations de-creases with increasing anisotropy of the rock. It is desirable toconduct tests in the plane of foliation, cleavage or bedding andat right angles to it to determine the degree of anisotropy. It isnoted that equations developed for isotropic materials may giveonly approxima
11、te calculated results if the difference in elasticmoduli in two orthogonal directions is greater than 10 % for agiven stress level.NOTE 1Elastic moduli measured by sonic methods (Test MethodD2845) may often be employed as a preliminary measure of anisotropy.1.4 Test Methods B and D for determining t
12、he elasticconstants do not apply to rocks that undergo significantinelastic strains during the test, such as potash and salt. Theelastic moduli for such rocks should be determined fromunload-reload cycles, that are not covered by this test method.1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded
13、asstandard. No other units of measurement are included in thisstandard.1.6 All observed and calculated values shall conform to theguidelines for significant digits and rounding established inPractice D6026.1These test methods are under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D18 on Soiland Rock and is the
14、 direct responsibility of Subcommittee D18.12 on RockMechanics.Current edition approved Nov. 15, 2013. Published December 2013. Originallyapproved in 2004. Last previous edition approved in 2010 as D7012 10. DOI:10.1520/D7012-13.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyri
15、ght ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States11.7 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety
16、and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D653 Terminology Relating to Soil, Rock, and ContainedFluidsD2216 Test Methods for Laboratory Determination of Water(Moisture) Content of Soil and Rock by MassD2845
17、 Test Method for Laboratory Determination of PulseVelocities and Ultrasonic Elastic Constants of RockD3740 Practice for Minimum Requirements for AgenciesEngaged in Testing and/or Inspection of Soil and Rock asUsed in Engineering Design and ConstructionD4543 Practices for Preparing Rock Core as Cylin
18、drical TestSpecimens and Verifying Conformance to Dimensionaland Shape TolerancesD6026 Practice for Using Significant Digits in GeotechnicalDataE4 Practices for Force Verification of Testing MachinesE122 Practice for Calculating Sample Size to Estimate, WithSpecified Precision, the Average for a Cha
19、racteristic of aLot or Process2.2 ASTM Adjunct:3Triaxial Compression Chamber Drawings (3)3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 For definitions of common technical terms in thisstandard, refer to Terminology D653.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 A rock core specimen is cut to length and the ends aremachine
20、d flat. The specimen is placed in a loading frame andif required, placed in a loading chamber and subjected toconfining pressure. In an elevated temperature test the speci-men is heated to the desired test temperature. Axial load isincreased continuously on the specimen, and deformation ismeasured a
21、s a function of load until peak load and failure areobtained.5. Significance and Use5.1 The parameters obtained from Methods A and B are interms of undrained total stress (as already mentioned in 1.1).However, there are some cases where either the rock type orthe loading condition of the problem und
22、er consideration willrequire the effective stress or drained parameters be deter-mined.5.2 Uniaxial compressive strength (Method C) of rock isused in many design formulas and is sometimes used as anindex property to select the appropriate excavation technique.Deformation and strength of rock are kno
23、wn to be functions ofconfining pressure. The triaxial compression test (MethodA) iscommonly used to simulate the stress conditions under whichmost underground rock masses exist. The elastic constants(Methods B and D) are used to calculate the stress anddeformation in rock structures.5.3 The deformat
24、ion and strength properties of rock coresmeasured in the laboratory usually do not accurately reflectlarge-scale in situ properties because the latter are stronglyinfluenced by joints, faults, inhomogeneities, weakness planes,and other factors. Therefore, laboratory values for intactspecimens must b
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