ASTM D6826-2005(2014)e1 6472 Standard Specification for Sprayed Slurries Foams and Indigenous Materials Used As Alternative Daily Cover for Municipal Solid Waste Landfills《城市固体废物埋填.pdf

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1、Designation: D6826 05 (Reapproved 2014)1Standard Specification forSprayed Slurries, Foams and Indigenous Materials Used AsAlternative Daily Cover for Municipal Solid Waste Landfills1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6826; the number immediately following the designation indicates

2、the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1NOTEUnits statement was inserted in Section 1.3 editorially

3、 in January 2014.1. Scope1.1 This specification defines procedures for determiningthe performance of certain landfill daily cover materialsgenerally described as an alternative daily cover (ADC). Thisspecification applies only to slurries that are sprayed, foamsthat are spray applied, or indigenous

4、materials that are placedonto the working face of a Municipal Solid Waste Landfill(MSWLF) unit as a cover. It is not applicable to other types oflandfills. It does not apply to geosynthetics used as an ADC.1.2 This standard addresses the evaluation of an ADC andits ability to control fires and odors

5、 and whether or not thecover contains materials that present a threat to human healthand the environment. The control of disease vectors andblowing litter can be evaluated by observation, and scavengingis controlled by security procedures and other operatingpractices.1.3 The values stated in inch-po

6、und units are to be regardedas standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematicalconversions to SI units that are provided for information onlyand are not considered standard.1.3.1 ExceptionMetric units are used in Note 2.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concern

7、s, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory requirements prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D4982 Test Methods for Flammability Poten

8、tial ScreeningAnalysis of WasteD6523 Guide for Evaluation and Selection of AlternativeDaily Covers (ADCs) for Sanitary LandfillsE96/E96M Test Methods for Water Vapor Transmission ofMaterialsG40 Terminology Relating to Wear and Erosion2.2 Other Documents:3U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Regulati

9、ons, Re-source Conservation and Recovery Act, Subtitle D, Codeof Federal Regulations, Protection of the Environment,Title 40, Part 258, Subpart CB Operating Criteria, Section258.21 Cover Material Requirements, pp. 393-94, revisedas of July 1, 1995EPA Method 1311 Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Proc

10、e-dureEPA Method 1312 Synthetic Precipitation Leaching Proce-dureEPA Publication SW-846EPA Method 8260EPA Method 82703. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsFor definitions of some terms used in thisspecification, refer to Terminology G40.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 daily cover, n6

11、 in. (152.4 mm) of earthen materialthat is spread and compacted on the top and side slopes ofcompacted solid waste, at least at the end of each operatingday, which satisfies the U.S. Environmental ProtectionAgency,Resource Conservation and Recovery Act, Subtitle D.3.2.1.1 alternative daily cover mat

12、erial, na substance ormaterial other than 6 in. (152.4 mm) of earthen material, usedfor daily cover, which satisfies the U.S. Environmental Protec-tion Agency, Resource Conservation and Recovery Act, Sub-title D, performance standards for anADC (see Guide D6523).3.2.2 foam, na synthetic material spr

13、ayed and combinedwith air to form closed cell air pockets (see Guide D6523).1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D35 onGeosynthetics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D35.03 on Perme-ability and Filtration.Current edition approved Jan. 1, 2014. Published Jan

14、uary 2014. Originallyapproved in 2002. Last previous edition approved in 2009 as D682605(2009).DOI: 10.1520/D6826-05R14E01.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, re

15、fer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from U.S. Government Printing Office Superintendent of Documents,732 N. Capitol St., NW, Mail Stop: SDE, Washington, DC 20401, http:/www.access.gpo.gov.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Cons

16、hohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States13.2.3 indigenous, adjnative to a particular region (seeGuide D6523).3.2.4 leachate, ncontaminated water resulting from thecombination of waste with precipitation (see Guide D6523).3.2.5 municipal solid waste landfill (MSWLF) unit, naregulated disposal site for

17、the deposition of commercial andhousehold waste.3.2.6 working face, nthe area of a landfill in which wasteis actively being deposited (see Guide D6523).4. Significance and Use4.1 The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency promul-gated regulations under the Resource Conservation and Recov-eryAct, Subti

18、tle D, which establish criteria for municipal solidwaste landfills (MSWLF). These regulations became effectiveOctober 9, 1991. The cover material requirements of theseregulations are set forth in 40 Code of Federal Regulations,Section 258.21 as follows:(a) “Except as provided in paragraph (b) of thi

19、s section, theowners or operators of all MSWLF units must cover disposedsolid waste with 6 in. (152.4 mm) of earthen material at the endof each operating day, or at more frequent intervals ifnecessary, to control disease vectors, fires, odors, blowinglitter, and scavenging.”(b) “Alternative material

20、s of an alternative thickness (otherthan at least 6 in. (152.4 mm) of earthen material) may beapproved by the Director of the Solid Waste RegulatoryAgency of an approved State if the owner or operator demon-strates that the alternative material and thickness controldisease vectors, fires, odors, blo

21、wing litter, and scavengingwithout presenting a threat to human health and the environ-ment.”4.2 These federal regulations have the force of the law, andit is the purpose of this specification to define the testprocedures necessary to comply with these regulations.4.3 In order for a MSWLF landfill o

22、perator to obtainapproval for use of an ADC, the operator must supplyperformance data to the state Solid Waste Regulatory Agency.In general, the technique used to obtain this permissioninvolves applying to the state Solid Waste Regulatory agencyfor a sanitary MSWLF operating permit modification.NOTE

23、 1Manufacturers will provide performance data for their prod-uct.4.4 Parties interested in the evaluation technology describedin the Standard Practice should include MSWLF operators,engineering firms, local, state, and federal Solid Waste Regu-latory Agencies, and manufacturers and vendors of ADCmat

24、erials.5. Classification of ADCs (Other than GeosyntheticADCs)5.1 FoamsFoam ADCs are applied to the working face ofMSWLF units using foam generation and application equip-ment specifically designed for that particular foam. Bothhardening and non-hardening foams are currently available.5.2 Spray-On S

25、lurriesMostADC slurries are paper-based.The paper-based slurry ADCs are applied to the working faceof MSWLF units using standard hydro seeding equipment.Certain types of slurries may require some modification of thehydro seeding equipment. The slurries are allowed to harden toform a crust or shell o

26、ver the working face.5.3 Indigenous MaterialsIndigenous ADCs consist ofvarious types of locally available waste products (for example,sludges, ash, contaminated soils, shredded tires, shreddedgreen waste, pulverized construction and demolition debris,automobile recycling fluff, foundry sand, etc.).

27、These indig-enousADCs are placed onto the working face of MSWLF unitsin a manner similar to soil cover. They often require physicalor chemical modification for consistency and workability andare usually evaluated for the presence of potentially hazardousconstituents. Unlike commercially available AD

28、Cs, each ofthese materials can vary significantly in respect of physical andchemical characteristics and composition, depending upon thesource of the indigenous material. In addition, suitability andacceptability are dependent on site-specific climatic and opera-tional conditions and regulatory requ

29、irements.6. Physical Properties6.1 GeneralThe experimental procedures and results areselected to ensure that the ADC material controls diseasevectors, fires, odors, blowing litter, and scavenging, and thatthe ADC itself does not present a threat to human health andthe environment.6.2 Control of Fire

30、s:6.2.1 Test Method A of Test Methods D4982, shall be usedto indicate the fire-producing potential of those ADCs coveredby this standard that are sprayed as a slurry, applied as a foamor indigenous materials that are placed on disposed solid wastein a landfill. Prepare the specimens according to the

31、 manufac-turers instructions and condition at 120F (48.9C) to constantmass before tests. Constant mass is determined by successiveweighing at two-hour intervals that do not change more than1 %. Test within 15 min or place the conditioned specimen ina dessicator until test is performed. The test resu

32、lt shall be passor fail.6.3 Control of Odors:6.3.1 TheWater Method ofTest Methods E96/E96M, can beused to determine the water vapor permeance of a representa-tive sample of the ADC to be tested. The standard testcondition shall be that set forth in Appendix X1.1.2 ProcedureB, Water Method at 73.4F (

33、23C).NOTE 2One sprayed-slurry ADC has a measured permeance of 1.8110-4g/h-cm2-mmHg (Water Method of Test Methods E96/E96M). Thepermeance of Ottawa Sand is 2.87 10-4g/h-cm2-mmHg when measuredin the same manner. The lower the water vapor transmission rate, thegreater potential odor control a particula

34、rADC may provide.Test MethodsE96/E96M test results may be used to compare one ADC to another.6.3.2 The Water Method of Test Methods E96/E96M maynot be appropriate for some materials. Odor control can bedetermined by visual observation of the reduction of fly andbird population and by the reduction i

35、n scavenging in areaswhere ADC has been applied.6.4 Analysis of Daily Cover Materials to Ensure They DoNot Present a Threat to Human Health and the Environment:D6826 05 (2014)126.4.1 Arepresentative sample (samples) of theADC, as it isexpected to be used at a landfill, shall be collected andanalyzed

36、 as follows:6.4.1.1 The sample shall be prepared using the ToxicityCharacteristic Leaching Procedure (TCLP), EPAMethod 1311.The resulting extract must be analyzed for the parameterscontained in 40 CFR 261.24 and with the resulting concentra-tions compared to their corresponding EPA regulatory levels

37、.Should any of the parameter concentrations in the TCLP testexceed EPAs regulatory levels, then the ADC shall not beallowed for use in landfills.6.4.1.2 The sample must be subjected to total analysis for:(a) the eight RCRA metals, and aluminum, antimony,beryllium, nickel, sodium, and thallium using

38、the appropriatetest methods for these metals contained in EPA PublicationSW-846, latest edition; (b) volatile organic compounds usingEPA Method 8260; and (c) semi-volatile organic compoundsusing EPA Method 8270.6.4.2 Leaching PotentialA representative sample(samples) of the ADC, as it is expected to

39、 be used at a landfill,shall be collected and analyzed as follows:6.4.2.1 To evaluate the leaching potential of the ADC, thesample shall be prepared using the Synthetic PrecipitationLeaching Procedure (SPLP), EPA Method 1312. The extractprepared with this procedure shall then be analyzed for: (a) th

40、eeight RCRA metals, and aluminum, antimony, beryllium,nickel, sodium, and thallium using the appropriate test methodsfor these metals contained in EPA Publication SW-846, latestedition; (b) volatile organic compounds using EPA Method8260; and (c) semi-volatile organic compounds using EPAMethod 8270.

41、6.5 Control of Disease Vectors, Blowing Litter, and Scav-enging:6.5.1 The control of disease vectors and blowing litter canbe evaluated by observation.6.5.2 Scavenging is controlled by security procedures andother operating practices.7. Qualified Laboratories7.1 All tests required by this standard s

42、hall be conducted ataccredited laboratories.8. Keywords8.1 alternative daily cover; foams; landfill; slurriesASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised

43、that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reap

44、proved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you

45、 feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual

46、reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org). Permission rights to photocopy the standard may also be secured from the ASTM website (www.astm.org/COPYRIGHT/).D6826 05 (2014)13