ASTM D6799-2013e1 8125 Standard Terminology Relating to Inflatable Restraints.pdf

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1、Designation: D6799 131Standard Terminology Relating toInflatable Restraints1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6799; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parenthes

2、es indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1NOTEThe term “inspection” was added editorially in September 2018.1. Scope1.1 This standard covers terminology which is used in theevaluation of inflatable restraint

3、 fabrics, cushions, and mod-ules.1.2 This international standard was developed in accor-dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-ization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recom-mendations issued by the World Trade

4、Organization TechnicalBarriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D123 Terminology Relating to TextilesD3990 Terminology Relating to Fabric Defects3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:abrasion, nfor inflatable restraint fabrics, a fuzzy cluster ofbroken filaments damaged by

5、 scraping.accelerated aging, n in textile processing and testing, theuse of controlled environmental conditions to promote rapidphysical or chemical change in a textile material.DISCUSSIONFor inflatable restraints, practices for conducting accel-erated aging are designed to determine the aggravated

6、effects on afabric from exposures to heat, humidity, or ozone, or a combinationthereof. These environmental conditions may also be cycled in combi-nation. The four accelerated aging procedures of concern to the designand manufacture of inflatable restraints are referred to as cycle aging,heat aging,

7、 humidity aging, and ozone aging.adhesive failure, nfor inflatable restraint sealed and sewnseams, a failure of seam sealant at the interface of twosubstrates where the sealant is sheared such that a portion ofthe sealant greater than 90 % of the original thickness of thesealant layer must remain at

8、tached to one of the twosubstrate surfaces, while a portion of the sealant less than10 % of the original thickness of the sealant layer mustremain attached to the other of the two substrate surfaces.air splice, nfor inflatable restraint fabrics, the thickerportion of a yarn resulting from the entang

9、lement of thefilaments at the ends of two multifilament yarns to create acontinuous yarn.average dynamic air permeability (ADAP), nfor inflatablerestraints, the average of all of DAP measurements within aspecified range of pressure differentials.bleedthrough, n for coated inflatable restraint fabric

10、s, thepresence of coating material on the uncoated side, betweentwo yarns, without covering either yarn.blip, nfor inflatable restraint fabrics, any short, irregularlyshaped or textured portion of an individual multifilamentyarn that has been woven into the fabric, including sloughoffs, stripbacks,

11、fuzz balls, snarls, and slubs.breakout pressure, n for inflatable restraints, the pressurelevel during deployment which ruptures the module cover.broken filament, n for inflatable restraint fabrics, an indi-vidual filament, separated from a multifilament yarn bundle,that lies on the surface of the f

12、abric.bruise, nfor inflatable restraint fabrics, a shift in thesquareness of the weave pattern in an area that has beensubjected to impact or pressure.coated fabric, na flexible material composed of a textilefabric and an adherent polymeric material applied to one orboth sides.coating slub, n for co

13、ated inflatable restraint fabrics, anirregularly shaped lump of coating material on the surface ofthe coated layer resembling a yarn slub.coating streak, n for coated inflatable restraint fabrics,minor variation in the color or opacity of the coated layer.coating transfer, n for coated inflatable re

14、straint fabrics, thepresence of coating material on the uncoated side, coveringone or more yarns.1This terminology is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D13 on Textilesand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D13.20 on Inflatable Restraints.Current edition approved Jan. 1, 2013. Publish

15、ed February 2013. Originallyapproved in 2005. Last previous edition approved in 2008 as D6799 08. DOI:10.1520/D6799-13E01.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, ref

16、er to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United StatesThis international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization establis

17、hed in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.1cohesive failure, nfor inflatable restraint sealed and sewnseams, a failure of seam sealant at the interface

18、 of twosubstrates where the sealant is sheared such that a portion ofthe sealant greater than 10 % of the original thickness of thesealant layer must remain attached to both of the twosubstrate surfaces.contamination, n for coated inflatable restraint fabrics, thepresence of non-coating material in

19、the coated layer.cushion, nfor inflatable restraints, the inflatable fabric en-velope portion of a module.cushion overpressurization, nfor inflatable restraints, theprocess of inflating a cushion at internal pressures greaterthan design deployment pressures; bag burst.defect, nspecific for inflatabl

20、e restraints, an imperfection ina cut piece of fabric that judgment and experience indicate islikely to result in either hazardous or improper deploymentof the inflatable restraint module in which the imperfectionis incorporated.DISCUSSIONAn example of a defect is a hole in the piece of fabricthroug

21、h which inflation gases can vent improperly.deployment, nfor inflatable restraints, the sequence ofevents related to the activation of a module.dynamic air permeability (DAP), nfor inflatable restraints,the dynamic air permeability measured at a single specifiedpressure differential.edgecombing, n f

22、or inflatable restraints, the separation ofyarns from their normal orthagonal configuration in a wovenfabric due to seam stress or similar action near the edge of acut partenvironmental conditions, nin textile testing, the atmo-sphere in which specified moisture levels, temperatureranges, and concen

23、trations of gases are controlled.exponent of dynamic air permeability (EXP), nfor inflat-able restraints, a descriptive factor used in a mathematicalmodel integral to the apparatus software which relates thechange in dynamic air permeability as the pressure differen-tial changes.extractable matter,

24、n for inflatable restraint fabrics, nonfibrous material in or on a textile, not including water, whichis removable by a specified solvent or solvents, as directed ina specified procedure.filling bar, n for inflatable restraint fabrics, a temporarychange in the filling-wise density of the weave patte

25、rn. (Syn:stop/start mark.)finished, adjfor inflatable restraint fabrics, a descriptiveterm for fabric that has been treated after weaving and thatis suitable for coating or piece cutting.flat fabric, n for inflatable restraints, fabric composed of asingle woven layer. (See also one-piece woven).fold

26、 over, nfor inflatable restraint fabrics, a hard ridge wherea layer is overlapped upon itself where if applicable coatingintegrity is compromised.foreign matter, n for inflatable restraint fabrics, an extra-neous interwoven fragment whose size, color, or textureindicates that it is not of the same m

27、aterial as the fibers in thebase fabric.grading, nthe procedure used to identify and quantify thenumber of imperfections in a roll of fabric detected duringvisual inspection.hard contamination, n for coated inflatable restraintfabrics, the presence of non-coating material within or on thecoating lay

28、er, such material visibly appearing to be of largesize, coarse or sharp in texture, and of a thickness thatprotrudes significantly above the surface of the coating layer.DISCUSSIONExamples are metal filings, glass, plastic, or woodsplinters.DISCUSSIONSide lighting of fabric during fabric inspection

29、may beused to determine how significantly contamination protrudes from thesurface of the fabric.heavy coating streak, n for coated inflatable restraintfabrics, a narrow area of fabric, generally in the shape of aline oriented in the warp direction of the fabric, in which thecoating layer is visibly

30、at a higher rate of coverage than thesurrounding material.hole, nfor inflatable restraint fabrics, an opening not char-acteristic of the normal weave pattern where one or moreyarns is cut, torn, or shifted.imperfection, na departure of a quality characteristic fromits intended level or state.inflata

31、ble restraint, na vehicular safety device designed tocushion an occupant or equipment during collision; anairbag.inflator, nfor inflatable restraints, a device for generatingand directing expansion gases into a cushion.ink stain, nfor inflatable restraint fabrics, presence ofmarking ink in an area o

32、f fabric not provided for identifica-tion by an applicable specification.inspection, nin fabric grading, the process of viewing,measuring, examining, or otherwise comparing the visualcharacteristics of a fabric with applicable requirements.kinky filling, n for inflatable restraint fabrics, an area o

33、f thefabric in which a short section of the weft yarn is folded backupon itself, causing the appearance of a thick or heavysection of yarn. This is contrasted to a loop in that the excessyarn does not protrude from the surface of the fabric.light coating, n for coated inflatable restraint fabrics, a

34、localized amorphous area of fabric in which the coating layeris visibly at a lower rate of coverage than the surroundingmaterial.light coating streak, n for coated inflatable restraint fabrics,a narrow area of light coating, generally in the shape of a lineoriented in the warp direction of the fabri

35、c.long float, nfor inflatable restraints fabrics, a small changein the weave pattern where a warp or filling yarn extendsover six or more filling or warp yarns with which it shouldbe interlaced.D6799 1312loop, nfor inflatable restraint fabrics, a continuous yarn thatcurls back on itself and protrude

36、s from the surface of thefabric. (Syn. kink, snag.)major imperfection, n in fabric grading, a deviation in aroll of fabric that judgment and experience indicate is likelyto have an adverse affect on subsequent use or processing ofthe fabric.DISCUSSIONExamples of major imperfections are a yarn loop t

37、hatcould become snagged upon deployment of the cushion and a fabricstain that could affect the physical properties of the material.marking ink, n for inflatable restraint fabrics, pigment inthe shape of characters or patterns intentionally applied onfabric for the purpose of identification.maximum i

38、nflation pressure, nfor inflatable restraints, themaximum internal cushion pressure occurring after breakoutpressure.minor imperfection, n in fabric grading, a deviation in aroll of fabric that judgment and experience indicate is likelyto have no bearing on subsequent use or processing of thefabric.

39、DISCUSSIONExamples of minor imperfections are a seam mark anda stop/start mark.missing coating, n for coated inflatable restraint fabrics,portions of the coated layer containing exposed base fabricor scrape marks in the coated layer.missing yarn, n for inflatable restraint fabrics, a yarndiscontinui

40、ty resulting in a change in weave pattern.misweave, nfor inflatable restraint fabrics, a change in theweave pattern caused by incorrect interlacing or insertion ofa yarn. (Includes mispick, wrong, draw, jerk-in.)module, nfor inflatable restraints, an assembly composed ofan inflator, cushion, mountin

41、g device, trigger, and cover.one-piece woven, adj for inflatable restraints, a descriptiverelated to either 1) a tubulary woven fabric composed oftwo-layer inflatable sections, visible lines where the twolayers initially interlace, and non-inflatable woven sections,or 2) the cushion cut from such fa

42、bric.DISCUSSIONUnder certain designs, a weaving machine is capable ofsimultaneously weaving two separate layers of fabric, one over theother, with tight interlacings selectively woven between them. Wherethe layers are not interlaced, the fabric is capable of being inflated;where they are interlaced,

43、 inflation is not possible. Although the patternin the fabric described by the visible line where the two inflatable layersinterlace may be a complex shape other than a tube, the construction iscommonly referred to as tubularly woven. such weaving methods aresometimes used to minimize sewn seams in

44、the manufacture ofinflatable restraint cushions.packability, n for inflatable restraints, the compressibility ofa folded airbag cushion relative to the space available in anairbag module.rework, nfor inflatable restraints, the deviation from normalprocess flow remedially altering finished fabric, co

45、atedfabric, or cut pieces for the purpose of minimizing orremoving a major imperfection.sealed and sewn seam, nin inflatable restraint cushions,aseam formed by applying a layer of seam sealant betweentwo layers of substrate prior to a seam being sewn.DISCUSSIONThis is done to prevent the leakage of

46、gas at the seaminterface.seam efficiency, n in inflatable restraints, the ratio of seamstrength to fabric strength.seam failure, n in inflatable restraints, the point at which anexternal force ruptures a seam assembly or the fabric, orcauses excessive yarn slippage adjacent to the seam assem-bly.sea

47、m sealant, nin sewn and sealed seams used for inflatblerestraint cushions, a liquid material applied between twolayers of substrate and allowed to cure to at least a semi-solidstate prior to a seam being sewn through the combination ofthe seam sealant sandwiched between the two layers ofsubstrate.se

48、am slippage, n in sewn fabrics, the displacement of fabricyarn parallel and adjacent to the stitch line.seam strength, n in inflatable restraints, the maximum forcerequired to create a seam failure.sharp crease, n for inflatable restraint fabrics, a sharp ridgethat can be felt easily, caused by a ha

49、rd folding of the fabricover itself not by design.short float, n for inflatable restraints fabrics, a warp orfilling yarn extending over five or fewer filling or warp yarnswith which it should be interlaced.short knot, nfor inflatable restraints fabrics, a small knob ofyarn and associated tails where two yarns are tied togetherby interlocking loops for the purpose of maintaining yarncontinuity.sizing, nfor inflatable restraints fabrics, , a generic term forcompounds which, when applied to yarn or fabric, f