ASTM D6609-2007 Standard Guide for Part-Stream Sampling of Coal《煤随机抽样的标准指南》.pdf

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1、Designation: D 6609 07Standard Guide forPart-Stream Sampling of Coal1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 6609; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses ind

2、icates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This guide covers general principles for obtaining agross sample of coal by taking increments from part of a streamof coal rather than from the entire stream t

3、o be sampled. Theusefulness of results from this guide will vary greatly depend-ing on such factors as top size of the coal, size consistency ofthe coal, variability of the coal, and such logistical factors asthe flow rate of the coal in process and physical accessibility ofthe sampling station.1.2

4、This guide should be used only when it is not possible touse a method of sampling that produces a probability sample.1.3 Sample preparation procedures involving crushing arecontained in Method D 2013.1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard. The values in parentheses are for i

5、nformation only.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory requirements prior to us

6、e.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D 121 Terminology of Coal and CokeD 2013 Practice for Preparing Coal Samples for AnalysisD 2234/D 2234M Practice for Collection of a Gross Sampleof CoalE 456 Terminology Relating to Quality and Statistics2.2 Federal Standards:Federal Mine and Safety and H

7、ealth Act of 19773Occupational Safety and Health Act of 197033. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsFor additional definitions of terms, refer toTerminology D 121, Method D 2013, Terminology E 456, andPractice D 2234/D 2234M.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 part-stream sampling, na met

8、hod of coal samplingin which collection of individual increments does not encom-pass the full cross section of the coal stream.4. Summary of Guide4.1 Part-stream sampling is accomplished by collectingincrements from part of a stream of coal for the purpose ofacquiring a gross sample.5. Significance

9、and Use5.1 This guide provides instructions for sampling by col-lecting individual increments from part of a cross section of amoving stream of coal, as opposed to collection of individualincrements by removal of a full cross section of material. Theuse of part-stream sampling, and the detailed proc

10、edures foreach case, should be agreed upon in advance by all partiesconcerned. Samples collected by use of this guide are notprobability samples. The user is cautioned that samples of thistype do not satisfy the minimum requirements for probabilitysampling and as such cannot be used to obtain any me

11、aningfulstatistical inferences such as the sampling precision, standarderror, or bias.5.2 All parties should be cautioned that manual sampling ofcoal from a moving stream might not enable sampling of thematerial that is furthermost from the point of entry into streamby the sampling device.1This guid

12、e is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D05 on Coal andCoke and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D05.23 on Sampling.Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2007. Published October 2007. Originallyapproved in 2000. Last previous edition approved in 2001 as D 6609-012For referenced ASTM sta

13、ndards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available form Standardization Documents Order Desk, Bldg. 4 Section D, 700Robbins A

14、ve., Philadelphia, PA 191115094, Attn: NPODS.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.6. Increment Collection Classification6.1 Three distinct classifications of part-stream samplingmethods are recognized by this guide, in ord

15、er of preference, aslisted below:6.1.1 Condition C-1The case in which groups of succes-sive part-stream increments are taken so that the incrementswithin each group encompass the full cross section of the coalstream.6.1.2 Condition C-2The case in which groups of succes-sive part-stream increments ar

16、e collected from different posi-tions relative to the full cross section of the coal stream but theincrements within each group do not encompass the full crosssection.6.1.3 Condition C-3The case in which groups of succes-sive part-stream increments are collected from the samerelative position to the

17、 full cross section of the coal stream.7. Organization and Planning of Sampling Operations7.1 Considerations When Sampling from a Coal Stream:7.1.1 Safety ConsiderationsIf the sampling device is to beused manually, safety and ease of operation should be carefullyconsidered. For example, aluminum can

18、 be used to minimizethe weight of the device and special handles fabricated tofacilitate its use. Shovels with loop handles should be usedonly with extreme caution. There is the potential to catch anddrag the sampling device and sampler while manually sam-pling a moving stream. Sampling personnel sh

19、ould be pro-tected from moving parts such as conveyors or belt idlers. Asafety harness for the sampling personnel may be an appropri-ate safety device in some sampling situations. The user of thisguide must be aware that each sampling situation has its ownunique safety requirements that should be th

20、oroughly reviewedbefore the start of sample collection. This standard does notpurport to address all safety requirements; however, users areurged to comply with all Federal requirements such as thosecontained in the Federal Mine Safety and Health Act of 1977,the Occupational Safety and Health Act of

21、 1970, as well asstate and local regulations and site specific safety policies andprocedures.7.1.2 Width of Sampling DeviceThe width of the sam-pling device shall be a minimum of 212 times the nominal topsize of the coal being sampled.7.1.3 Depth of Sampling DeviceWhen determining thedepth of the sa

22、mpling device, two considerations are: (1) topsize of the coal and (2) feed rate of the coal. The depth of thesampling device shall be sufficient so that it does not overfillduring increment collection. Thus, the higher feed rate, thegreater the depth required and the larger the increment ob-tained.

23、 The increment may become too large for one person tohandle even at moderate to low feed rates.7.1.4 Weight of IncrementsDimensions and operations ofthe sampling device should ensure that increment weights areequal to, or in excess of, those contained in Table 2 of PracticeD 2234/D 2234M.7.2 Locatio

24、n of Sampling StationTwo factors that must beconsidered relative to location of the sampling when using thepart-stream method are the location along the stream of coal tobe sampled from which primary increments are collected, andthe sampling pattern to be used at that point. This sectioncontains gen

25、eral principles for determining the preferred op-tions regarding location of the sampling station and the patternto be used.7.2.1 Location Along the Coal Stream A sampling point,protected from environment (wind, rain, and so forth), isusually the best choice for locating the point of sampling.Certai

26、n other factors may also need to be considered, such asaccessibility, the volume and velocity of falling material, thepotential for particle rebounding, the relative location to thesample preparation equipment, and variations in the coalstream produced by crushers, screens, or other parts of thesyst

27、em.7.2.2 Sampling PatternIdeally, a sampling pattern shouldensure that all equal mass units in a lot being sampled have anequal chance of being selected by the primary incrementsampling device; however, this is not possible if all equal massunits are not available for selection as is the case when o

28、nlypart of the stream is sampled. Because of this, all interestedparties should agree upon the details concerning the pattern tobe used. Increments should be of approximately equal masswhen obtained at the same flow rate. The type of incrementcollection should not be changed during the collection of

29、 agross sample.Adifferent sampling device may deliver differentmass increments into the same gross sample and thus impairthe ability of the sample to maintain the correct proportionalityfor the flow rate being sampled.7.3 Frequency of Increment Collection Although mean-ingful levels of precision can

30、not be obtained for non-probability samples, for the purpose of establishing uniformsample collection procedures, it is suggested that the frequencyof primary increment collection be based upon the lot size ofthe coal. The following formula is suggested to determine thenumber of increments required

31、for one gross sample. Thenumber of increments specified in Eq 1 was arbitrarily chosenas 35. Practice D 2234/D 2234M states that for part-streamsampling, these details of the sampling procedure should beagreed upon in advance by all parties concerned. Sincemeaningful levels of precision cannot be ob

32、tained for thesesamples, any multiplier can be considered valid in place of thenumber 35 in Eq 1 if agreed upon by the parties concerned.N 5 35Lot size to be sampled908 metric tons or 1000 tons(1)where:N = number of increments to be collected.7.3.1 The number of increments obtained for a given feedr

33、ate is determined by the frequency of increment collection.The frequency of increment collection is determined as fol-lows:T 5 a/R (2)where:T = total sampling time (seconds, minutes, hours),R = feed rate (weight/unit time; for example, metric tons/h),anda = lot size, in metric tons or (tons).D660907

34、2F 5 T/N (3)where:F = frequency of increment collection (increment/unittime) andN = number of increments to be collected (from Eq 1.)7.3.2 In some situations, the feed rate can vary over thesampling period. Effort should be made to ascertain if thechange of feed rate will be maintained so that adjus

35、tment ofincrement frequency can be made. Record any variation of feedrate when adjustment of frequency is not possible. In cases ofblended coals, all interested parties should be notified that theblend in the sample may not represent the blend of the lotsampled.7.4 Storage of IncrementsIt is recomme

36、nded that sampleincrements be adequately protected from moisture variation bythe use of moisture-tight containers. Care must be taken toassure that the integrity of the container, including any mois-ture seal, is not compromised during handling.7.5 StratificationIt is recommended that, where signifi

37、-cant stratification exists, a sampling plan should be designed toobtain a probability sample, rather than taking part-streamsamples.8. Apparatus and Equipment8.1 All interested parties before the start of each samplingprogram must agree upon sampling equipment and samplecontainers (suitable for sto

38、rage and transportation).8.2 It is recommended that storage containers be bothwaterproof and strong enough to be transported to the prepa-ration facility without damage. (For example, a commonlyused container is a combination of a heavy woven plastic orheavy cotton outer bag with a plastic inner lin

39、er bag of at least4-mm thickness.) The sealing of both bags with drawstrings ortwist ties is recommended. Ten- or twelve-gallon metal con-tainers with similar plastic bag inner linings and tight-fittinglids can also be used where appropriate.8.3 Each storage container must be fully identified to kee

40、p itseparate from any other container. Waterproof marking pensand tags are useful for the purpose. Two tags are recom-mended, each fully marked with all identifying information foreach container, one placed inside the inner liner plastic bag andone placed on the outside of the container.9. Personnel

41、9.1 Sampling personnel should have an understanding ofand a sense of responsibility for the potential effects on thesample of variations in sampling procedures.9.2 All sampling personnel shall be trained and cautionedon all aspects of sampling safety before commencement ofsampling.10. Keywords10.1 c

42、oal sampling; part-stream samplingASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the risko

43、f infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this

44、standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake yo

45、ur views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org).D6609073