ASTM D6485-2011 red 1250 Standard Guide for Risk Characterization of Acute and Irritant Effects of Short-Term Exposure to Volatile Organic Chemicals Emitted from Bedding Sets《短期接触床.pdf
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1、Designation:D648599 (Reapproved 2004) Designation: D6485 11Standard Guide forRisk Characterization of Acute and Irritant Effects of Short-Term Exposure to Volatile Organic Chemicals Emitted fromBedding Sets1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6485; the number immediately following t
2、he designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This guide provides gui
3、dance to individuals and organizations for conducting risk characterization of exposure to volatileorganic chemicals (VOCs) emitted from bedding sets or an ensemble of a mattress and supporting box spring.1.2 This guide is for risk characterization of short-term exposures to a new bedding set brough
4、t into a residential indoorenvironment. The risk characterization considerations presented in this guide are applicable to both the general population andsensitive subgroups, such as convalescing adults.1.3 The risk characterization addressed in this guide is limited to acute health and irritation e
5、ffects resulting from short-termexposure to VOCs in indoor air. Although certain procedures described in this guide may be applicable to assessing long-termexposure, the guide does not address cancer and other chronic health effects.1.4 VOC emissions from bedding sets, as in the case of other househ
6、old furnishings, usually are highest when the products arenew. A used bedding set may also emit VOCs, either from the original materials or as a result of its use. The procedures presentedin this guide also are applicable to used bedding sets.1.5 Risk characterization procedures described in this gu
7、ide should be carried out under the supervision of a qualifiedtoxicologist or risk assessment specialist, or both.1.61.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the
8、safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilityof the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatorylimitations prior to its use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D1356 Terminology Relating
9、to Sampling and Analysis of AtmospheresD6177 Practice for Determining Emission Profiles of Volatile Organic Chemicals Emitted from Bedding SetsD6178 Practice for Estimation of Short-term Inhalation Exposure to Volatile Organic Chemicals Emitted from Bedding SetsE609 Terminology Relating to Pesticide
10、sE943 Terminology Relating to Biological Effects and Environmental FateE1542 Terminology Relating to Occupational Health and Safety2.2 Government Standards:3EPA 600/R 92/047 Reference Guide to Odor Thresholds for Hazardous Air Pollution in the Clean Air Act Amendments of 199016 CFR 1500 Federal Haza
11、rdous Substances Act Regulations29 CFR 1910 Safety and Health Standards for General Industry3. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsFor definitions of terms used in this guide, refer to Terminology D1356.1This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D22 on Sampling and Analysis of Atmospheres and is
12、the direct responsibility of Subcommittee on Air Qualityand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D22.05 on Indoor Air.Current edition approved OctoberMarch 1, 2004.2011. Published December 2004.March 2011. Originally approved in 1999. Last previous edition approved in 19992004as D6485 - 99(2
13、004). DOI: 10.1520/D6485-99R04.10.1520/D6485-11.2For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.3Available fro
14、m Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402.3Available from U.S. Government Printing Office Superintendent of Documents, 732 N. Capitol St., NW, Mail Stop: SDE, Washington, DC 20401, http:/www.access.gpo.gov.1This document is not an ASTM standard and is int
15、ended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the curr
16、ent versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 acute exposure guideline levels (AEGLs)
17、, nrepresent short-term threshold or ceiling exposure values intended for theprotection of the general public, including susceptible or sensitive individuals, but not hypersusceptible or hypersensitiveindividuals (1).43.2.1.1 DiscussionAEGLs are for once-in-a-lifetime exposure due to accidental rele
18、ases. Three AEGLs, each representingdistinct biological endpoints (sensory irritation or notable discomfort, irreversible or serious effect, and life-threatening effects ordeath) for four different exposure periods ranging from 30 min to 8 h, are derived.3.2.2 bedding set, nan ensemble that includes
19、 a mattress for sleeping and a supporting box spring.3.2.3 ceiling, na maximum allowable air concentration, established by the Occupational Safety and Health Administration(OSHA), that must not be exceeded during any part of the workday.3.2.4 emission profile, na time-series of emission rates for on
20、e or more chemicals.3.2.5 hazard index (HI), na summation of hazard quotients (see 3.2.6) for chemicals potentially having similar target organeffects or for chemicals that are considered to have additive effects.3.2.6 hazard quotient (HQ), nthe ratio of the exposure calculated for a chemical to the
21、 toxicity/irritancy threshold or referencevalue for that chemical (2).3.2.6.1 DiscussionIf a HQ exceeds a value of 1, there would be a concern for potential toxic/irritant effects. A HQ is not tobe interpreted as a statistical probability, for example, a ratio of 0.001 does not mean that there is a
22、one in a thousand chance ofan effect occurring.3.2.7 inhalation reference concentration (RfC), nan estimate (with uncertainty spanning an order of magnitude) of the dailyexposure to the human population (including sensitive subgroups) that is likely to be without an appreciable risk of deleteriousef
23、fects (2).3.2.7.1 DiscussionThe time period under consideration is up to and including seven years, or a portion of a lifetime, forsubchronic RfC and a lifetime for chronic RfC. In accordance with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) (3), theuncertainty in the estimates for RfC spans an or
24、der of magnitude.3.2.8 lethal concentration 50 (LC50),na calculated air concentration of a substance for which inhalation is expected to causethe death of 50 % of an experimental animal population (2).3.2.9 lethal concentration low (LCLo) , nthe lowest air concentration of a substance introduced by
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