ASTM D5907-2018 red 2500 Standard Test Methods for Filterable Matter (Total Dissolved Solids) and Nonfilterable Matter (Total Suspended Solids) in Water.pdf

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1、Designation: D5907 13D5907 18Standard Test Methods forFilterable Matter (Total Dissolved Solids) and NonfilterableMatter (Total Suspended Solids) in Water1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5907; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoptio

2、n or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 These test methods cover the determination of filterable matter, total dis

3、solved solids (TDS), and nonfilterable matter, totalsuspended solids (TSS), in drinking, surface, and saline waters, domestic and industrial wastes. The practical range of thedetermination of nonfilterable particulate matter (TSS) is 4 to 20 000 mg/L. The practical range of the determination of filt

4、erablematter (TDS) is 10 mg/L to 150 000 g/g. Section 20 on Quality Control pertains to these test methods.1.2 Since the results measured by thisthese test methods are operationally defined, careful attention must be paid to followingthe procedure as specified.1.3 This The test method for the determ

5、ination of nonfilterable matter (TSS) must not be used when water samples werecollected from open channel flow. For the determination of matter collected in open channel flow use Test Methods D3977.1.4 The test methods appear in the following order:FilterableMatter (TDS) andNonfilterable Matter (TSS

6、), mg/LSections 10 14TotalDissolved SolidsHigh Precision Method, g/gSections 15 19Test Method A:Filterable Matter (TDS) andNonfilterable Matter (TSS), mg/LSections 10 14Test Method B:Total Dissolved SolidsHigh Precision Method, g/gSections 15 191.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as

7、 standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilityof the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety safety, health, and healthenvironment

8、al practices and determine theapplicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For a specific hazard statement, see Section 8.1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardizationestablished in the Decision on Principles for th

9、e Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issuedby the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D596 Guide for Reporting Results of Analysis of WaterD1129 Terminology Relating to WaterD1192 Guide for Eq

10、uipment for Sampling Water and Steam in Closed Conduits (Withdrawn 2003)3D1193 Specification for Reagent WaterD1429 Test Methods for Specific Gravity of Water and Brine1 These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D19 on Water and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D19

11、.05 on Inorganic Constituentsin Water.Current edition approved June 1, 2013May 1, 2018. Published July 2013May 2018. Originally approved in 1996. Last previous edition approved in 20102013 asD5907 10.D5907 13. DOI: 10.1520/D5907-13.10.1520/D5907-18.2 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM websi

12、te, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication

13、 of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be conside

14、red the official document.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1D2777 Practice for Determination of Precision and Bias of Applicable Test Methods of Committee

15、D19 on WaterD3370 Practices for Sampling Water from Closed ConduitsD3856 Guide for Management Systems in Laboratories Engaged in Analysis of WaterD3977 Test Methods for Determining Sediment Concentration in Water SamplesD4411 Guide for Sampling Fluvial Sediment in MotionD5847 Practice for Writing Qu

16、ality Control Specifications for Standard Test Methods for Water AnalysisD5905 Practice for the Preparation of Substitute WastewaterE319 Practice for the Evaluation of Single-Pan Mechanical BalancesE898 Test Method of Testing Top-Loading, Direct-Reading Laboratory Scales and BalancesE1601 Practice f

17、or Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to Evaluate the Performance of an Analytical Method3. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsFor definitions of other terms used in this test method, refer to Terminology D1129.3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 For definitions of terms used in this standard, refer to Terminology D1129.

18、3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 filterable mattermatter, nalso commonly referred to as total dissolved solids (TDS). It is that dissolved matter that iscapable of passing through a glass fiber filter and dried to constant weight at 180C, as determined by following the proced

19、uresoutlined in this test method.3.2.1.1 DiscussionIt is that dissolved matter that is capable of passing through a glass fiber filter and dried to constant weight at 180C, as determinedby following the procedures outlined in this test method.3.2.2 nonfilterable mattermatter, nalso commonly known as

20、 total suspended solids (TSS). It is that particulate matter thatis retained on a glass fiber filter and dried to a constant weight at 103 to 105C, as determined by following the procedures outlinedin these test methods.3.2.2.1 DiscussionIt is that particulate matter that is retained on a glass fibe

21、r filter and dried to a constant weight at 103 to 105C, as determined byfollowing the procedures outlined in these test methods.4. Significance and Use4.1 Solids, both as filterable matter (TDS) and nonfilterable matter (TSS), are important in the treating of raw water andwastewater, and in monitori

22、ng of streams.4.2 Waste solids impose a suspended and settleable residue in receiving waters. Suspended and soluble materials provide amatrix for some biological slime and, in sufficient quantity, impair respiration of organisms.These solids may create nuisance slimebeds and odors while imposing a l

23、ong-term biological oxidation load over limited receiving water areas.4.3 Knowledge of suspended and soluble materials is important in treating raw water supplies. Knowledge of solids loading canaid in determining the type or amount of treatment, or both, necessary to make the water acceptable for u

24、se. Such information mayalso be used to determine acceptability of water after treatment.Too little treatment may not be desirable and excess treatment costsmoney.4.4 Stream monitoring is important for environmental reasons, such as compliance with discharge permits. Streamimprovements, water pollut

25、ion monitoring, mass wasting, algal studies, and sediment loads are but a few of the many reasonsstreams are monitored.5. Interferences5.1 For some samples, chemical reactions may cause some materials to change from one phase to another. For example, in somegroundwaters, ferrous ions may form insolu

26、ble ferric hydroxides. Softened water high in carbonates may precipitate calciumcarbonate. In such cases, holding time may have a critical impact upon both the filterable and nonfilterable matter. Such samplesmay have to be filtered in the field.5.2 ThisThese test method ismethods are not meant to i

27、nclude nonrepresentative particulates such as leaves, sticks, insects, fish,etc. These should be removed before the analysis.D5907 1825.3 Certain materials may be measured poorly, or not at all. Some materials may decompose or volatilize at the requiredtemperature. Other substances, such as glycerin

28、 or sulfuric acid, will remain liquid at the required temperature, giving variableresults. Oils and greases may present similar problems and can end up in either the filterable (TDS) or nonfilterable (TSS) portion.5.4 Suspended solids samples high in dissolved matter, such as saline waters, brines,

29、and some wastes, may be subject to apositive interference by the retention of dissolved matter, such as salts and sugars, on the filter. Care must be taken in the finalrinsing of the filter so as to minimize this potential interferent. Additional washing may be necessary.5.5 Clogging of the filter w

30、ith too fine or too much material will prolong the filtering time and retain smaller particles that wouldnormally pass through the filter, thus giving elevated values to nonfilterable matter (TSS) and low values to the filterable matter(TDS). Biological material, such as algae, may also prolong filt

31、ration time or plug the filter.5.6 Some samples may be hygroscopic, requiring prolonged drying, extra careful desiccation, and rapid weighing. For filterablematter (TDS), samples highly mineralized or high in bicarbonate may require careful and possibly prolonged drying. For thebicarbonate, the exte

32、nded drying may be needed to ensure complete conversion to carbonate.5.7 Too much material retained on the filter may entrap water, and may also require extended drying time for the suspendedsolids. For filterable matter (TDS), excessive residue in the dish may cause the formation of a water-trappin

33、g crust, giving elevatedvalues.5.8 For some users, certain biological materials, such as algae, slimes, insects, or other small crustaceans, may be consideredto be positive interferences for nonfilterable matter (TSS). Modifications or adjustments may be needed to generate a better value.An example

34、is determining chlorophyll content to estimate the amount of algae present. Such modifications may be beyond thescope of this test method.6. Apparatus6.1 Analytical Balance, capable of measuring to the nearest 0.1 mg.3 For the high precision total dissolved solids method, therecommended balance shou

35、ld have a capacity of 200 g and be capable of measuring to the nearest 0.01 mg.6.2 Drying Oven, capable of maintaining a temperature between 103 and 105C and between 178 and 182C.NOTE 1To prevent dust and sample from being blown around, it is preferred that the oven for the particulate matter (TSS)

36、be of a gravity convectiontype. If this is not possible, samples should be shielded from the forced air of mechanical convection ovens.6.3 Evaporating Dishes, 70-mL to 250-mL capacity, not to exceed 200 g in weight.6.4 Glass Fiber Filters, without organic binder.4 47-mm diameter filters are needed f

37、or the high precision TDS method whenfield filtration is not utilized.NOTE 2Although there is no organic binder in these filters, they may contain a wet strength resin that is partially soluble. It is therefore importantto adequately prewash the filters as prescribed.6.5 Membrane Filter AssemblyA bo

38、rosilicate glass, stainless steel, or plastic funnel with a flat, fritted, or grid base so as toprovide uniform support and filterable surface. The top section of the funnel shall fit over the edge of the filter to provide a seal.The top should be removable to allow easy access for removing the filt

39、er. A Gooch crucible with a fritted bottom may be used inlieu of the funnel. A 47-mm filter assembly is needed for the high precision TDS method when field filtration is not used.6.6 Planchet or Pan, made of aluminum or stainless steel, capable of supporting the filter when it is not on the filter a

40、ssembly.6.7 Vacuum Source.7. Reagents and Materials7.1 Purity of WaterUnless otherwise indicated, references to water shall be understood to mean reagent water conforming toType I or II of Specification D1193. Type III or IV may be used if they effect no measurable change in the blank or sample.8. H

41、azards8.1 Care must be taken to ensure filter funnels and filtering flasks are in a sound state. Any tiny nick, scratch, or weakness inglass flasks or other apparatus can create a potential for an implosion hazard. Wrapping a flask is not adequate protection in caseof an implosion. It is recommended

42、 that a solid shield, such as a plexiglass cage, be placed around any filtering flask.9. Sampling9.1 Collect the sample in accordance with the applicableASTM standard as follows: Specification D1192 and Practices D3370.3 The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on www.astm

43、.org.3 The balance prescribed in thisthese test methodmethods should be tested periodically according to Practice E319 or Test Method E898.4 Millipore AP-40, Whatman 934-AH, Gelman type A/E, or equivalent, was specified for the round-robin.D5907 1839.1.1 If sampling is required from an open channel

44、flow, use Guide D4411 and Test Methods D3977 on a separate sample bottleto determine the sediment concentrations instead of the TSS.9.1.2 The user of the method these test methods is advised to use a slurry rotary sample divider to obtain reproducible aliquotsof suspended solids for the TSS determin

45、ation.59.2 If theTDS concentration is shown to change as a function of time more than the repeatability measured in the interlaboratorytesting of the method for a particular sample matrix, it will be necessary to filter the sample in the field and transfer the samplevolume needed for the high precis

46、ion TDS method to refrigerated sample collection bottles.TEST METHOD AFILTERABLE MATTER (TDS) AND NONFILTERABLE MATTER (TSS)10. Summary of Test Method10.1 Awell-mixed sample is filtered through a weighed standard glass fiber filter. The suspended solids are retained on the filter,which is dried at 1

47、05C and weighed. The increased mass on the filter represents the nonfilterable matter (TSS).10.2 The filtrate from 10.1 may be used to determine the filterable matter (TDS).The filtered sample (liquid phase) is evaporatedto dryness and heated to 180C in a tared vessel to a constant weight.11. Proced

48、ure11.1 Prepare the glass fiber filters before use.11.1.1 Place the glass fiber filter on the membrane filter assembly, or insert into the bottom of a suitable Gooch crucible, withthe wrinkled surface up. While a vacuum is applied, wash the disc with three successive volumes of water. Each volume of

49、 watershould be equal to 3 mL for each square centimetre of filterable surface area. For standard 47-mm filter holders with 35-mmdiameter funnels, this would be 30 mL for each wash for a total of 90 mL. Continue the vacuum until the free water has beenremoved. Discard the washings.NOTE 3Proper washing is important for removing loose fiber and wet strength resins. One 90-mL wash is not as effective as three 30-mL washes.NOTE 4On some filters it may be difficult to tell which is the wrinkled side. Usually the opposite side has faint markings of th