ASTM D5057-2017 Standard Test Method for Screening Apparent Specific Gravity and Bulk Density of Waste《废弃物的堆积密度和筛选表观比重的标准试验方法》.pdf

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1、Designation: D5057 10D5057 17Standard Test Method forScreening Apparent Specific Gravity and Bulk Density ofWaste1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5057; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year o

2、f last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers the determination of apparent specific gravity and bulk density in waste. a waste sample. Fo

3、r thepurpose of this test method, materials the property to be measured will be is classified into three groups:groups based on materialtype:1.1.1 Group AFree-flowing liquids; apparent specific gravity (ASG),1.1.2 Group BGranules, powders, and water reactive water-reactive liquids, solids, or sludge

4、s; bulk density (BD), and1.1.3 Group CBulk solids (such as gravel, paper, or wood, etc.); apparent specific gravity (ASG).1.2 This test method is designed and intended as a preliminaryscreening test to complement the more sophisticated quantitativeanalytical techniques that may be used to determine

5、specific gravity. This test method offers to the user the option and the abilityto screen waste for apparent specific gravity or bulk density when the more sophisticated techniques are not available and the totalwaste composition is unknown.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the sa

6、fety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilityof the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety safety, health, and healthenvironmental practices and determine theapplicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.For a specific hazard statement, see Section 9.

7、1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardizationestablished in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issuedby the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Tr

8、ade (TBT) Committee.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D1192 Guide for Equipment for Sampling Water and Steam in Closed Conduits (Withdrawn 2003)3D1193 Specification for Reagent WaterD3370 Practices for Sampling Water from Closed ConduitsD4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and Pe

9、troleum ProductsD5681 Terminology for Waste and Waste Management3. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsFor definitions of terms used in this test method, refer to Terminology D5681.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 screeninga preliminary qualitative or semi-quantitative test, developed

10、from classical qualitative and quantitativetechniques, that is designed to efficiently give the user specific information about a waste that will aid in determining wasteidentification, process compatibility, and safety in handling.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 This method describes gravimetric proce

11、dures to estimate the specific gravity or bulk density of a waste sample.The specificgravity of a material is the ratio of the masses of equal volumes of a waste and reagent water. The apparent specific gravity of1 This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D34 on Waste Management

12、and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D34.01.05 on ScreeningMethods.Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2010Sept. 1, 2017. Published January 2011October 2017. Originally approved in 1990. Last previous edition approved in 20062010 asD5057-90(2006).D5057 10. DOI: 10.1520/D5057-10.10.1520/D505

13、7-17.2 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended on

14、ly to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current vers

15、ionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1materials in Groups A and C is determined by comparing the mass of a sample to the mass of the same volu

16、me of reagent water.The bulk density of wastes in Group B is determined as a direct mass/volume ratio of the sample alone and should be used fordeterminations on water reactive materials. The weights are used in determining mass.water-reactive materials.5. Significance and Use5.1 This test method is

17、 intended for use by those in the waste management industries for the determination of apparent specificgravity and bulk density of waste.5.2 The apparent specific gravity and bulk density determined by this test method can be used for the conversion of measuredvolumes to weights.5.3 The apparent sp

18、ecific gravity and bulk density, when correlated with other properties, can be used to indicate the characterof the waste.6. Interferences6.1 Excessive temperatures causing loss of sample components due to vaporization could result in erroneous readings.6.2 Large, obvious void spaces interfere in th

19、is test method and will give inaccurate results because of the false volumemeasured.6. Apparatus6.1 Weighing BottleContainerSpecific gravity bottle or equivalent container is needed.container.6.2 Spatulas.6.3 Top Loader Balance, with a sensitivity of 0.01 g is required.g.7. Reagents and Materials7.1

20、 Purity of WaterUnless otherwise indicated, references to water shall be understood to mean reagent water as defined byType IV of Specification D1193.9. Hazards9.1 WarningAvoid inhalation of and skin and eye contact with all hazardous materials.10. Sampling10.1 Collect the sample in accordance with

21、Specification D1192 and Practices D3370 and D4057.NOTE 1Extreme temperature variations between the sample and reagent water should be avoided.8. ProcedureWeighing Container Calibration11.1 Make all weight measurements to nearest 0.01 g.8.1 Weigh the empty container (weighing bottle or specific gravi

22、ty bottle) with lid on, and record weight to the nearest 0.01 gas W.8.2 Fill the container with reagent water and place lid on container.8.3 Fill the container with water and place lid on container. Wipe off excess water and weigh. Wipe off excess water and weighthe container and lid to the nearest

23、0.01 g. Record weight of water-filled container as R.8.4 For free-flowing liquids (Group A):Empty the container and dry before filling with sample.11.4.1 Fill the empty container (see 7.1) with sample.11.4.2 Place the lid on the container, pushing out excess sample through the hole.11.4.3 Wipe off e

24、xcess sample.11.4.4 Weigh the sample-filled container with lid on, and record weight as S.11.5 For granules, powders, and water reactive materials (Group B):11.5.1 Add as much of the sample to the weighed container (see 7.1) as possible without exerting pressure, filling the containerwith sample but

25、 not allowing large void spaces (see 6.2). The container may be tapped or lightly tamped.11.5.2 Place the lid on the container and weigh the sample and bottle and record weight as S.11.6 For bulk solids such as gravel, paper or wood (Group C):11.6.1 Add as much of the sample to the weighed container

26、 (see 7.1) as possible without exerting pressure. Place the lid on thecontainer and weigh and record weight as S.11.6.2 Fill remaining space in the container with water and place the lid on the container, taking care that air bubbles are nottrapped in the material or the container.D5057 17211.6.3 We

27、igh and record weight of sample and water, in container with the lid on. Record weight as Q.NOTE 2The quantity Q-S may be erroneously high due to the water absorbed by the solid sample.9. Group A Free-Flowing Liquids9.1 Fill the calibrated weighing container (see 6.1) with sample.NOTE 1Significant t

28、emperature variations (for example, 10 C) between the waste sample and ambient conditions may alter the density of the wastesample and lead to lower measured result for apparent specific gravity.9.2 Place the lid on the container, pushing out excess sample through the hole. Wipe off excess sample.9.

29、3 Weigh the sample-filled container with lid on to the nearest 0.01 g, and record weight as S.10. Group B Granules, Powders, and Water-Reactive Wastes10.1 Fill the calibrated weighing container (see 6.1) with as much sample as possible without exerting pressure on the containeror allowing large void

30、 spaces. The container may be tapped or lightly tamped to facilitate filling.NOTE 2Large, obvious void spaces reduce the weight of the sample and decrease the measured bulk density of the sample.10.2 Place the lid on the container and weigh the sample and bottle to the nearest 0.01 g. Record the wei

31、ght as S.11. Group C Bulk Solids11.1 Fill the calibrated weighing container (see 6.1) with as much sample as possible without exerting pressure on the container.11.2 Place the lid on the container and weigh the container, waste, and lid to the nearest 0.01 g. Record the weight as S.11.3 Fill remaini

32、ng space in the container with water, taking care that air bubbles are not trapped in the material or the container.Place the lid on the container.11.4 Weigh the container, waste, water, and lid to the nearest 0.01 g and record the weight as Q.12. Calculation12.1 Calculate the apparent specific grav

33、ity (ASG) or bulk density (BD) from the following equations, matching the appropriateequation with the procedure of choice for each group.12.1.1 For Group A materials:ASG5S 2W!R2W! (1)where:W = weight of empty container (with lid),R = weight of water-filled container (with lid), andS = weight of sam

34、ple-filled container (with lid).12.1.2 For Group B materials:Bulk Density g/mL!5Y! S 2W!R2W! (2)whereY = 1 g/mL, the conversion of mass/volume at 4C.W = weight of empty container (with lid),R = weight of water-filled container (with lid),S = weight of sample-filled container (with lid), andY = 1 g/m

35、L, the conversion of mass/volume at 4 C.12.1.3 For Group C materials:ASG5 S 2W!R2W!2Q 2S! (3)whereW = weight of empty container (with lid),R = weight of water-filled container (with lid),S = weight of sample-filled container (with lid), andQ = weight of sample and water-filled container.NOTE 3The qu

36、antity QS may be erroneously high due to the water absorbed by the solid sample.D5057 17313. Report13.1 Report at a minimum the following information:13.1.1 Sample identification and group (A, B, or C),13.1.2 Date of test,13.1.3 Procedure applied, and13.1.4 Test results.14. Quality Assurance14.1 Ins

37、trument performance standards, quality control check samples of appropriate matrices, and duplicates should beperformed at an action level specified by the laboratory and at an appropriate frequency.14. Precision and Bias14.1 The precision and bias hashave not been determined due to the variability

38、of the sample matrix.15. Keywords15.1 density; specific gravity; waste screeningASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the val

39、idity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn.Your comm

40、ents are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have

41、not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple c

42、opies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org). Permission rights to photocopy the standard may also be secured from the Copyright Clearance Center, 222Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, Tel: (978) 646-2600; http:/ The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on www.astm.org.D5057 174