ASTM D4884-1996(2003) Standard Test Method for Strength of Sewn or Thermally Bonded Seams of Geotextiles《土工织物缝合或热粘结缝隙强度的标准试验方法》.pdf
《ASTM D4884-1996(2003) Standard Test Method for Strength of Sewn or Thermally Bonded Seams of Geotextiles《土工织物缝合或热粘结缝隙强度的标准试验方法》.pdf》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《ASTM D4884-1996(2003) Standard Test Method for Strength of Sewn or Thermally Bonded Seams of Geotextiles《土工织物缝合或热粘结缝隙强度的标准试验方法》.pdf(6页珍藏版)》请在麦多课文档分享上搜索。
1、Designation: D 4884 96 (Reapproved 2003)Standard Test Method forStrength of Sewn or Thermally Bonded Seams ofGeotextiles1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 4884; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, th
2、e year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers the seam strength of geotextiles.The primary distinction of this test method for ev
3、aluating seamstrength is the width of the specimen. This is in contrast to themore narrow specimen width used in the tensile grab strengthtest discussed in Test Method D 1683.1.2 This test method will provide data to indicate the seamstrength that can be achieved for each particular geotextile andse
4、am assembly construction.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard. The inch-pound units given in parentheses areprovided for information only.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of th
5、e user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:D 76 Specification for Tensile Testing Machines for Tex-tiles2D 123 Terminology Relating to Textiles2D 1683
6、Test Method for Failure in Sewn Seams of WovenFabrics2D 1776 Practice for Conditioning Textiles for Testing2D 1777 Method for Measuring Thickness of Textile Mate-rials2D 4354 Practice for Sampling of Geosynthetics for Testing3D 4439 Terminology for Geosynthetics3D 4595 Test Method for Tensile Proper
7、ties of Geotextilesby the Wide Width Strip Method3D 4632 Test Method for Grab Breaking Load and Elonga-tion of Geotextiles3E 178 Practice for Dealing with Outlying Observations4E 691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study toDetermine the Precision of Test Methods42.2 Federal Standard:Fed.
8、Std. No. 751a Stitches, Seams, and Stitchings53. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 cross-machine directionthe direction in the plane ofthe geotextile perpendicular to the direction of manufacture.3.1.2 geotextile, na permeable geosynthetic comprisedsolely of textiles.3.1.3 linear density, nmass per u
9、nit length; the quotientobtained by dividing the mass of a fiber or yarn by its length.3.1.4 machine directionthe direction in the plane of thegeotextile parallel to the direction of manufacture.3.1.5 seam allowance, nthe width of geotextile used inmaking a seam assembly, for sewn seams bounded by t
10、he edgeof the geotextile and the furthest stitch line, and for thermallybonded seams bounded by the edge of the geotextile and thefurthest seam edge.3.1.5.1 DiscussionIn geotextiles, the distance from theselvage or turned edge of the geotextile to the edge of the seam.3.1.6 seam assembly, nthe unit
11、obtained by joining geo-textile with a seam, including details such as geotextiledirection(s), seam allowance, seam width, seam type, speed,and if sewnsewing threads used and number of stitches perunit length, needle type and size, and so forth.3.1.7 seam effciency, nthe ratio expressed as a percent
12、ageof seam strength to geotextile strength.3.1.8 seam design engineering, nthe procedures used toselect a specific thread, a specific stitch type, and a specificseam type to achieve the required seam strength of a sewnseam and the procedures used to select a specific seam width,specific seam bonding
13、 temperature, and a specific seam speedand pressure to achieve the required seam strength of athermally bonded seam.3.1.9 seam interaction, nthe result of combining specifictextile, a specific stitch type, and a specific seam type for a1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D3
14、5 onGeosynthetics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D35.01 on Mechani-cal Properties.Current edition approved Feb. 10, 1996. Published June 1996. Originallypublished as D 4884 89. Last previous edition D 4884 90.2Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 07.01.3Annual Book of ASTM Standards,
15、 Vol 04.13.4Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 14.02.5Available from Standardization Documents Order Desk, Bldg. 4 Section D, 700Robbins Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19111-5094, Attn: NPODS.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.s
16、ewn seam and the result of combining specific textile, aspecific seam width, a specific seam speed, and appliedpressure for a thermally bonded seam.3.1.10 seam type, nin sewn geotextiles, an alphanumericdesignation relating to the essential characteristics of geotextilepositioning and rows of stitch
17、ing in a specific sewn geotextileseam (see Fed. Std. No. 751a).3.1.10.1 DiscussionThe first two letters of the designationshow seam type; the third and subsequent letter specify aparticular mating alignment; the number designation indicatesthe number of rows of stitches.3.1.11 seam weld, nthe proces
18、s by which a seam isformed through the thermal bonding of separate layers ofgeotextile.3.1.12 selvage, nthe woven edge portion of a geotextileparallel to the machine direction.3.1.12.1 DiscussionThe edge of a nonwoven geotextilecannot be easily distinguished to determine either the machineor cross-m
19、achine direction.3.1.13 sewing thread, na flexible, small diameter yarn orstrand, usually treated with a surface coating, or lubricant, orboth, intended to be used to stitch one or more pieces ofmaterial or an object to a material.3.1.14 sewn seam, nin sewn geotextiles, a series ofstitches joining t
20、wo or more separate plies of a material ormaterials of planar structure such as a textile geotextile.3.1.15 sewn seam strength, n for geotextiles, the maxi-mum resistance, measured in kilonewtons per metre, of thejunction formed by stitching together two or more planarstructures.3.1.16 stitch, nthe
21、repeated unit formed by the sewingthread in the production of seams in a sewn geotextile (see Fed.Std. No. 751a).3.1.17 tensile strength, nthe maximum resistance of ma-terial to deformation in a tensile test carried to rupture; that is,the breaking load, or force per unit cross-sectional area of the
22、unstrained specimen.3.1.18 thermally bonded seam, n in geotextiles, a seammade by the application of thermal energy.3.1.19 thermally bonded seam strength, nfor geotextiles,the maximum shear resistance, measured in kilonewtons permetre, of the junction formed by thermally bonding togethertwo or more
23、planar structures.3.1.20 For definitions of other terms relating to textiles,refer to Terminology D 123. For definitions of other termsrelating to geotextiles, refer to Terminology D 4439.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 A seam, 200 mm (8 in.) wide is gripped across the entirewidth in the clamps of a te
24、nsile testing machine, operated at aprescribed rate of extension, applying a longitudinal (perpen-dicular) force to the specimen until the seam or geotextileruptures.5. Significance and Use5.1 As explained in Test Method D 4595, narrow geotextilespecimens demonstrate the tendency to contract (neck d
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