ASTM D4870-2018 Standard Test Method for Determination of Total Sediment in Residual Fuels.pdf
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1、Designation: D4870 09 (Reapproved 2014)D4870 18Designation: 375/99Standard Test Method forDetermination of Total Sediment in Residual Fuels1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4870; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the ca
2、se of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope Scope*1.1 This test method covers the determination of total sediment up to 0.40 % 0.40 % m/m
3、 for distillate fuel oils containingresidual components and to 0.50 % m/m in residual fuel oils having a maximum viscosity of 55 cSt (mm2/s) at 100C.100 C.Some fuels can exceed the maximum filtration time specified in this test method due to factors other than the presence of significantquantities o
4、f insoluble organic or inorganic material. This test method can be used for the assessment of total sediment afterregimes of fuel pretreatment designed to accelerate the aging process.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
5、 standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilityof the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety safety, health, and healthenvironmental practices and determine theapplicability of regulatory lim
6、itations prior to use. For specific warning statements, see 7.2, 7.3, Annex A1, and X1.6.1.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardizationestablished in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards
7、, Guides and Recommendations issuedby the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum ProductsD4177 Practice for Automatic Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum ProductsE1
8、Specification for ASTM Liquid-in-Glass Thermometers3. Terminology3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.1.1 total sedimentsediment, nthe sum of the insoluble organic and inorganic material that is separated from the bulk ofthe residual fuel oil by filtration through a Whatman GF/A filt
9、er medium, and that is also insoluble in a predominantly paraffinicsolvent.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 Aweighed quantity (10 g) (10 g) of the oil sample is filtered through the prescribed apparatus at 100C.100 C.After solventwashing and drying the total sediment on the filter medium is weighed. The
10、 test is to be carried out in duplicate.5. Significance and Use5.1 Appreciable amounts of sediment in a residual fuel oil can cause fouling of facilities for handling, and give problems inburner mechanisms. Sediment can accumulate in storage tanks, on filter screens, or on burner parts, resulting in
11、 obstruction of theflow of oil from the tank to the burner.1 This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeD02.14 on Stability Stability, Cleanliness and CleanlinessCompatibility of
12、Liquid Fuels.Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2014April 1, 2018. Published February 2015May 2018. Originally approved in 1988. Last previous edition approved in 20092014 asD4870 09.D4870 09 (2014). DOI: 10.1520/D4870-09R14.10.1520/D4870-18.2 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.a
13、stm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what
14、changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the o
15、fficial document.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States16. Apparatus6.1 Filtration Apparatus, constructed of brass, with copper steam coils attached, suitably s
16、upported above a vacuum flaskappropriately protected against the effects of implosion. See Figs. 1 and 2.6.2 Temperature Measuring Device , Device, capable of measuring the temperature in the range from 9595 C to 105C105 Cwith an accuracy of 0.5C.0.5 C.6.3 Oven, electric, capable of maintaining a te
17、mperature of 110110 C 6 1C.1 C. The oven should be capable of safelyevaporating the solvent without risk of fire.6.4 Stirring Rod, glass or polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) approximately 150 mm 150 mm in length and 3 mm 3 mm indiameter.6.5 Beaker, glass, 30 mL 30 mL capacity, either squat form with li
18、p or conical.6.6 Small Dishes, such as watch glasses or Petri dishes.6.7 Hotplate, electric.6.8 Steam Generator, to provide steam at 100100 C 6 1C.1 C.6.9 Vacuum Source, capable of providing the specified vacuum.6.10 Vacuum Gauge, capable of measuring the specified vacuum.6.11 Filter Medium, Whatman
19、 glass fiber filter medium, Grade GF/A, 47 mm 47 mm diameter.6.12 High Speed Mixer, any convenient type, minimum speed 400 400 rrpm.min.6.13 Desiccator.6.14 Cooling Vessel, a desiccator or other type of tightly covered vessel for cooling the filter media before weighing. The useof a drying agent is
20、not recommended.6.15 Syringe or Graduated Wash Bottle , Bottle, minimum capacity 25 mL, 25 mL, graduated in 0.5 mL 0.5 mL increments.FIG. 1 Detail of Filtration CellD4870 1826.16 Forceps, spade-ended.7. Reagents and Materials7.1 Purity of ReagentsReagent grade chemicals shall be used in all tests. U
21、nless otherwise indicated, it is intended that allreagents shall conform to the specifications of the committee on Analytical Reagents of the American Chemical Society, wheresuch specifications are available.3 Other grades may be used, provided it is first ascertained that the reagent is of sufficie
22、ntly highpurity to permit its use without lessening the accuracy of the determination.7.2 Normal Heptane, minimum 99.75 % purity. (WarningFlammable, vapor harmful if inhaled. See A1.1.)7.3 Toluene, at least reagent grade purity. (WarningFlammable, vapor harmful. See A1.2. )7.4 Wash Solvent, consisti
23、ng of 85 volume % 85 % by volume n-heptane (7.2) and 15 volume % toluene15 % byvolume toluene (see 7.3).8. Sampling8.1 Sample in accordance with Practice D4057 or Practice D4177.9. Procedure9.1 Sample PreparationMix the whole sample, as received, thoroughly using a high speed mixer when practicable,
24、 for 30 s.30 s. In all cases a sample taken on a glass or PTFE rod dipped to the bottom of the container must show a homogeneousappearance. For fuels with a high wax content (high pour point), or of very high viscosity, the sample must be heated beforestirring. The temperature must be either 15C15 C
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